Question 1

Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs), such as the poison ricin, are deadly because they inactivate ribosomes. How does ribosome inactivation lead to death?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are crucial for the process of translation, which makes proteins. Without ribosomes and therefore, translation, protein synthesis stops. Proteins are critical to all life processes so cells that cannot make them quickly die.

Question 2

The protein-coding regions of DNA molecules are the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) introns only 
B) anticodons 
C) exons only 
D) transcriptons 
E) exons and introns 
A) introns only 
B) anticodons 
C) exons only 
D) transcriptons 
E) exons and introns C

Question 3

Match each term with the most appropriate description.
-codon

Accepted Answer

A) sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription 
B) encodes the gene's protein building information for translation 
C) process which is guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases 
D) a tRNA triplet that binds to mRNA 
E) a set of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
F)process which includes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids 
A) sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription 
B) encodes the gene's protein building information for translation 
C) process which is guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases 
D) a tRNA triplet that binds to mRNA 
E) a set of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
F)process which includes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids E

Question 4

Match each term with the most appropriate description.
-anticodon

Accepted Answer

A) sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription 
B) encodes the gene's protein building information for translation 
C) process which is guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases 
D) a tRNA triplet that binds to mRNA 
E) a set of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
F)process which includes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids 
A) sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription 
B) encodes the gene's protein building information for translation 
C) process which is guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases 
D) a tRNA triplet that binds to mRNA 
E) a set of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
F)process which includes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

Question 5

​The order of information flow in gene expression is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​protein to RNA to DNA 
B) ​RNA to DNA to protein 
C) ​protein to DNA to RNA 
D) ​DNA to RNA to protein 
E) ​DNA to protein to RNA 
A) ​protein to RNA to DNA 
B) ​RNA to DNA to protein 
C) ​protein to DNA to RNA 
D) ​DNA to RNA to protein 
E) ​DNA to protein to RNA

Question 6

The normal start codon for protein synthesis is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG 
B) UAA 
C) UAG 
D) UGA 
E) GGU 
A) AUG 
B) UAA 
C) UAG 
D) UGA 
E) GGU

Question 7

Sickle cell anemia has been traced to a(n) ____ mutation.

Accepted Answer

A) frameshift 
B) transposable element 
C) deletion 
D) addition 
E) base-pair substitution 
A) frameshift 
B) transposable element 
C) deletion 
D) addition 
E) base-pair substitution

Question 8

When many ribosomes simultaneously translate the same mRNA molecule, the structure is called a ____.

Accepted Answer

A) codon 
B) polysome 
C) nucleosome 
D) peptide-forming unit 
E) polymerase 
A) codon 
B) polysome 
C) nucleosome 
D) peptide-forming unit 
E) polymerase

Question 9

Explain the role of the 5' cap and poly-A tail in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.​

Accepted Answer

​In prokaryotes, the 5' cap protects the

Question 10

​Which component is missing in a post-transcriptionally modified mRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) ​exons 
B) ​introns 
C) ​5' cap 
D) ​poly-A tail 
E) ​uracil bases 
A) ​exons 
B) ​introns 
C) ​5' cap 
D) ​poly-A tail 
E) ​uracil bases

Question 11

The poison ricin inactivates which of the following cellular organelles?

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondria 
B) ribosomes 
C) smooth ER 
D) Golgi bodies 
E) nucleus 
A) mitochondria 
B) ribosomes 
C) smooth ER 
D) Golgi bodies 
E) nucleus

Question 12

Describe two conditions that would make a DNA mutation result in an altered protein.

Accepted Answer

First, the DNA mutation would need to oc

Question 13

How was collagen protein from a Tyrannosaurus rex able to give evidence for a hereditary connection between birds and dinosaurs?

Accepted Answer

?The sequence of amino acids in a protei

Question 14

Answer the questions in reference to the five RNA codons listed below. Some choices may be used more than once.
-The anticodon AAA would pair with this codon.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG 
B) UAA 
C) UUU 
D) UUA 
E) AAA 
A) AUG 
B) UAA 
C) UUU 
D) UUA 
E) AAA

Question 15

Removal of introns, addition of a poly-A tail, and addition of a 5' cap are all events that occur during ____.

Accepted Answer

A) protein folding 
B) transcription 
C) replication 
D) post-transcriptional modification 
E) translation 
A) protein folding 
B) transcription 
C) replication 
D) post-transcriptional modification 
E) translation

Question 16

The genetic code is comprised of the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) four nucleotide bases 
B) set of tRNA molecules that carry amino acids 
C) set of 20 amino acids 
D) proteins encoded by DNA 
E) complete set of 64 mRNA codons 
A) four nucleotide bases 
B) set of tRNA molecules that carry amino acids 
C) set of 20 amino acids 
D) proteins encoded by DNA 
E) complete set of 64 mRNA codons

Question 17

​The 5' cap of an mRNA molecule is composed of ____ bases.

Accepted Answer

A) ​adenine 
B) ​thymine 
C) ​cytosine 
D) ​guanine 
E) ​uracil 
A) ​adenine 
B) ​thymine 
C) ​cytosine 
D) ​guanine 
E) ​uracil

Question 18

During the initiation of translation, the small ribosomal subunit binds mRNA, and then the initiator tRNA base-pairs with mRNA. Which step happens next?

Accepted Answer

A) The ribosome catalyzes the formation of the first peptide bond. 
B) The first tRNA is released. 
C) The second tRNA base-pairs with the mRNA. 
D) The ribosome starts the assembly of the amino acid chain. 
E) The large ribosomal subunit joins the small subunit. 
A) The ribosome catalyzes the formation of the first peptide bond. 
B) The first tRNA is released. 
C) The second tRNA base-pairs with the mRNA. 
D) The ribosome starts the assembly of the amino acid chain. 
E) The large ribosomal subunit joins the small subunit.

Question 19

Which component is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) thymine 
B) deoxyribose 
C) ribose 
D) guanine 
E) cytosine 
A) thymine 
B) deoxyribose 
C) ribose 
D) guanine 
E) cytosine

Question 20

Which property is shared by the processes of replication and transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) One strand of nucleic acid serves as a template for synthesis of another. 
B) They require ribosomes. 
C) They both take place in the cytoplasm of the cell. 
D) They both make copies of DNA. 
E) They both use the nucleic acid uracil. 
A) One strand of nucleic acid serves as a template for synthesis of another. 
B) They require ribosomes. 
C) They both take place in the cytoplasm of the cell. 
D) They both make copies of DNA. 
E) They both use the nucleic acid uracil.

Exam 9: From DNA to Protein

Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs), such as the poison ricin, are deadly because they inactivate ribosomes. How does ribosome inactivation lead to death?

The protein-coding regions of DNA molecules are the ____.

Match each term with the most appropriate description. -codon

Match each term with the most appropriate description. -anticodon

​The order of information flow in gene expression is ____.

The normal start codon for protein synthesis is ____.

Sickle cell anemia has been traced to a(n) ____ mutation.

When many ribosomes simultaneously translate the same mRNA molecule, the structure is called a ____.

Explain the role of the 5' cap and poly-A tail in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.​

​Which component is missing in a post-transcriptionally modified mRNA molecule?

The poison ricin inactivates which of the following cellular organelles?

Describe two conditions that would make a DNA mutation result in an altered protein.

How was collagen protein from a Tyrannosaurus rex able to give evidence for a hereditary connection between birds and dinosaurs?

Answer the questions in reference to the five RNA codons listed below. Some choices may be used more than once. -The anticodon AAA would pair with this codon.

Removal of introns, addition of a poly-A tail, and addition of a 5' cap are all events that occur during ____.

The genetic code is comprised of the ____.

​The 5' cap of an mRNA molecule is composed of ____ bases.

During the initiation of translation, the small ribosomal subunit binds mRNA, and then the initiator tRNA base-pairs with mRNA. Which step happens next?

Which component is found in RNA but not in DNA?

Which property is shared by the processes of replication and transcription?

The Science of Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Starts-Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Patterns in Inherited Traits

Human Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

The Protists

Plant Evolution

Fungi

Animals I: Major Invertebrate Groups

Animals Ii: the Chordates

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Effects on the Biosphere

Filters

The order of information flow in gene expression is ____.

Explain the role of the 5' cap and poly-A tail in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Which component is missing in a post-transcriptionally modified mRNA molecule?

The 5' cap of an mRNA molecule is composed of ____ bases.