Question 1

Amino acids are joined together in proteins by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen bonds 
B) peptide bonds 
C) anticodons 
D) base-pairing bonds 
E) codon bonds 
A) hydrogen bonds 
B) peptide bonds 
C) anticodons 
D) base-pairing bonds 
E) codon bonds

Question 2

Match each term with the most appropriate description.
-transcription

Accepted Answer

A) sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription 
B) encodes the gene's protein building information for translation 
C) process which is guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases 
D) a tRNA triplet that binds to mRNA 
E) a set of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
F)process which includes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids 
A) sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription 
B) encodes the gene's protein building information for translation 
C) process which is guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases 
D) a tRNA triplet that binds to mRNA 
E) a set of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
F)process which includes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

Question 3

Of all the different codons that exist, three of them do not encode a particular amino acid. Their role is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) allow for any amino acid to be added in their place 
B) encode tRNA molecules 
C) provide instructions on the tertiary structure of the protein 
D) signal the start of translation 
E) signal translation to stop 
A) allow for any amino acid to be added in their place 
B) encode tRNA molecules 
C) provide instructions on the tertiary structure of the protein 
D) signal the start of translation 
E) signal translation to stop

Question 4

Match each term with the most appropriate description.
-messenger RNA

Accepted Answer

A) sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription 
B) encodes the gene's protein building information for translation 
C) process which is guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases 
D) a tRNA triplet that binds to mRNA 
E) a set of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
F)process which includes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids 
A) sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription 
B) encodes the gene's protein building information for translation 
C) process which is guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases 
D) a tRNA triplet that binds to mRNA 
E) a set of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
F)process which includes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

Question 5

Which step occurs first during transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) Free RNA nucleotides are added to an RNA chain. 
B) RNA polymerase unwinds DNA. 
C) RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter site. 
D) The new RNA strand is released from RNA polymerase. 
E) The introns are removed from the RNA strand. 
A) Free RNA nucleotides are added to an RNA chain. 
B) RNA polymerase unwinds DNA. 
C) RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter site. 
D) The new RNA strand is released from RNA polymerase. 
E) The introns are removed from the RNA strand.

Question 6

Genes are found ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​only at the 3' end of a DNA molecule 
B) ​only at the 5' end of a DNA molecule 
C) ​only on one strand of a DNA molecule 
D) ​on both strands of a DNA molecule 
E) ​only in introns 
A) ​only at the 3' end of a DNA molecule 
B) ​only at the 5' end of a DNA molecule 
C) ​only on one strand of a DNA molecule 
D) ​on both strands of a DNA molecule 
E) ​only in introns

Question 7

In bacteria and archaea, translation can begin before transcription is complete because ____.

Accepted Answer

A) both processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum 
B) both processes occur in the cytoplasm 
C) both processes occur in the nucleus 
D) the ribosome can perform transcription and translation simultaneously 
E) RNA polymerase can perform transcription and translation simultaneously 
A) both processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum 
B) both processes occur in the cytoplasm 
C) both processes occur in the nucleus 
D) the ribosome can perform transcription and translation simultaneously 
E) RNA polymerase can perform transcription and translation simultaneously

Question 8

An anticodon has the sequence GCG. What amino acid does this tRNA carry? What would be the effect of a mutation that changed the C of the anticodon to a G?

Accepted Answer

The amino acid carried by this

Question 9

The first amino acid in most proteins is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) alanine 
B) isoleucine 
C) leucine 
D) methionine 
E) phenylalanine 
A) alanine 
B) isoleucine 
C) leucine 
D) methionine 
E) phenylalanine

Question 10

Why is a promoter important to transcription?

Accepted Answer

A promoter is the site where R

Question 11

During translation, free amino acids are carried to the ribosomes by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) microRNAs 
D) rRNA 
E) any form of RNA 
A) mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) microRNAs 
D) rRNA 
E) any form of RNA

Question 12

How do replication and transcription differ in terms of the portion of a DNA strand that is used in the process?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication always involves the enti

Question 13

The template for transcription is ____ and the template for translation is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA; protein 
B) RNA; DNA 
C) DNA; mRNA 
D) amino acids; protein 
E) protein; DNA 
A) mRNA; protein 
B) RNA; DNA 
C) DNA; mRNA 
D) amino acids; protein 
E) protein; DNA

Question 14

In eukaryotes, translation occurs in the ____; in prokaryotes, translation occurs in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus; cytoplasm 
B) cytoplasm; nucleus 
C) cytoplasm; cytoplasm 
D) nucleus; nucleus 
E) endoplasmic reticulum; cytoplasm 
A) nucleus; cytoplasm 
B) cytoplasm; nucleus 
C) cytoplasm; cytoplasm 
D) nucleus; nucleus 
E) endoplasmic reticulum; cytoplasm

Question 15

Answer the questions in reference to the five RNA codons listed below. Some choices may be used more than once.
-This codon terminates a coding region.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG 
B) UAA 
C) UUU 
D) UUA 
E) AAA 
A) AUG 
B) UAA 
C) UUU 
D) UUA 
E) AAA

Question 16

Anticodons pair with ____.

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA codons 
B) DNA codons 
C) RNA anticodons 
D) amino acids 
E) ribosomes 
A) mRNA codons 
B) DNA codons 
C) RNA anticodons 
D) amino acids 
E) ribosomes

Question 17

When a gene is transcribed, ____ is produced.

Accepted Answer

A) more DNA 
B) protein or polypeptide sequences 
C) messenger RNA 
D) enzymes 
E) genetic defects 
A) more DNA 
B) protein or polypeptide sequences 
C) messenger RNA 
D) enzymes 
E) genetic defects

Question 18

​A promoter is found ____ of the gene it controls.

Accepted Answer

A) upstream​ 
B) ​downstream 
C) ​in the intron 
D) ​in the middle 
E) ​at the 3' end 
A) upstream​ 
B) ​downstream 
C) ​in the intron 
D) ​in the middle 
E) ​at the 3' end

Question 19

During transcription, uracil pairs with ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ribose 
B) adenine 
C) cytosine 
D) thymine 
E) guanine 
A) ribose 
B) adenine 
C) cytosine 
D) thymine 
E) guanine

Question 20

Transcription is catalyzed by the enzyme ____.

Accepted Answer

A) RNA polymerase 
B) DNA polymerase 
C) ligase 
D) gyrase 
E) ribosomes 
A) RNA polymerase 
B) DNA polymerase 
C) ligase 
D) gyrase 
E) ribosomes

Exam 9: From DNA to Protein

Amino acids are joined together in proteins by ____.

Match each term with the most appropriate description. -transcription

Of all the different codons that exist, three of them do not encode a particular amino acid. Their role is to ____.

Match each term with the most appropriate description. -messenger RNA

Which step occurs first during transcription?

Genes are found ____.​

In bacteria and archaea, translation can begin before transcription is complete because ____.

An anticodon has the sequence GCG. What amino acid does this tRNA carry? What would be the effect of a mutation that changed the C of the anticodon to a G?

The first amino acid in most proteins is ____.

Why is a promoter important to transcription?

During translation, free amino acids are carried to the ribosomes by ____.

How do replication and transcription differ in terms of the portion of a DNA strand that is used in the process?

The template for transcription is ____ and the template for translation is ____.

In eukaryotes, translation occurs in the ____; in prokaryotes, translation occurs in the ____.

Answer the questions in reference to the five RNA codons listed below. Some choices may be used more than once. -This codon terminates a coding region.

Anticodons pair with ____.

When a gene is transcribed, ____ is produced.

​A promoter is found ____ of the gene it controls.

During transcription, uracil pairs with ____.

Transcription is catalyzed by the enzyme ____.

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Filters

Genes are found ____.

The template for transcription is and the template for translation is .

In eukaryotes, translation occurs in the ; in prokaryotes, translation occurs in the .

A promoter is found ____ of the gene it controls.