Question 1

Which equation summarizes the overall pathway of aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 + H2O + ATP → C6H12O6 + O2 + ADP + Pi 
B) C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O → CO2 + ATP 
C) C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP 
D) C6H12O6 + O2 + NADH → CO2 + H2O + ATP + NAD+ 
E) CO2 + H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + O2 
A) CO2 + H2O + ATP → C6H12O6 + O2 + ADP + Pi 
B) C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O → CO2 + ATP 
C) C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP 
D) C6H12O6 + O2 + NADH → CO2 + H2O + ATP + NAD+ 
E) CO2 + H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + O2 C

Question 2

Why is the hydrogen ion gradient of the electron transfer chain important for energy production?

Accepted Answer

As the electrons move through the chains, they give up energy little by little. Some molecules of the transfer chains harness that energy to actively transport the hydrogen ions across the inner membrane, from the matrix to the intermembrane space. The accumulating ions form a hydrogen ion gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient attracts the ions back toward the matrix. However, ions cannot diffuse through a lipid bilayer on their own. Hydrogen ions cross the inner mitochondrial membrane only by flowing through ATP synthases embedded in the membrane. The flow of hydrogen ions through ATP synthases causes these proteins to attach phosphate groups to ADP, so ATP forms.

Question 3

Match the process/substance in the citric acid cycle with the correct description.
-carbon leaves the cell in CO2

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E
F)F
G)G 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E
F)F
G)G C

Question 4

In order to use the energy stored in sugars, cells must first convert it to energy stored in ____, which is synthesized during aerobic respiration.

Accepted Answer

A) carbon 
B) oxygen 
C) ATP 
D) NAD+ 
E) carbon dioxide 
A) carbon 
B) oxygen 
C) ATP 
D) NAD+ 
E) carbon dioxide

Question 5

Why are fats a richer source of energy than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of fats produces more redu

Question 6

Match the cellular respiration process to the correct description. Some answers may be used more than once.
-​produces less ATP than aerobic respiration

Accepted Answer

A) alcoholic fermentation only 
B) lactate fermentation only 
C) both alcoholic and lactate fermentation 
D) neither alcoholic nor lactate fermentation 
A) alcoholic fermentation only 
B) lactate fermentation only 
C) both alcoholic and lactate fermentation 
D) neither alcoholic nor lactate fermentation

Question 7

How are photosynthesis and aerobic respiration related?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs harvest energy directly from

Question 8

​When hydrogen ions accumulate in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, what prevents them from moving back into the mitochondrial matrix without flowing through ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

A) ​The hydrophilic environment of the mitochondrial matrix repels hydrogen ions. 
B) ​The hydrophobic environment of the mitochondrial matrix repels hydrogen ions. 
C) ​Hydrogen ions combine with oxygen gas to form water, which cannot cross the lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial membrane. 
D) ​Hydrogen ions cannot cross the lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial membrane. 
E) ​Entering the matrix would require the ions to move against their concentration gradient. 
A) ​The hydrophilic environment of the mitochondrial matrix repels hydrogen ions. 
B) ​The hydrophobic environment of the mitochondrial matrix repels hydrogen ions. 
C) ​Hydrogen ions combine with oxygen gas to form water, which cannot cross the lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial membrane. 
D) ​Hydrogen ions cannot cross the lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial membrane. 
E) ​Entering the matrix would require the ions to move against their concentration gradient.

Question 9

Carbon dioxide, water, sugar, and oxygen cycle through the world via ____ (energy capture) and ____ (energy release).

Accepted Answer

A) aerobic respiration; photosynthesis 
B) photosynthesis; aerobic respiration 
C) substrate-level phosphorylation; electron transfer phosphorylation 
D) electron transfer phosphorylation; substrate-level phosphorylation 
E) aerobic respiration; anaerobic respiration 
A) aerobic respiration; photosynthesis 
B) photosynthesis; aerobic respiration 
C) substrate-level phosphorylation; electron transfer phosphorylation 
D) electron transfer phosphorylation; substrate-level phosphorylation 
E) aerobic respiration; anaerobic respiration

Question 10

The ultimate source of energy for living organisms is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the citric acid cycle 
B) fossil fuels 
C) the sun 
D) oxygen 
E) aerobic respiration 
A) the citric acid cycle 
B) fossil fuels 
C) the sun 
D) oxygen 
E) aerobic respiration

Question 11

Match the process/substance in the citric acid cycle with the correct description.
-ADP; substrate-level phosphorylation

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E
F)F
G)G 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E
F)F
G)G

Question 12

Match the following processes or items with their correct cellular location. Some answers may be used more than once.
-ATP synthases

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondrial matrix 
C) mitochondrial intermembrane space 
D) mitochondrial inner membrane 
A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondrial matrix 
C) mitochondrial intermembrane space 
D) mitochondrial inner membrane

Question 13

Match the process/substance in the citric acid cycle with the correct description.
-acetyl-CoA

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E
F)F
G)G 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E
F)F
G)G

Question 14

Glucose is converted into glycogen primarily in ____.

Accepted Answer

A) brain cells only 
B) liver cells only 
C) muscle cells only 
D) brain and muscle cells 
E) liver and muscle cells 
A) brain cells only 
B) liver cells only 
C) muscle cells only 
D) brain and muscle cells 
E) liver and muscle cells

Question 15

Aerobic organisms use ____ as the final electron acceptor in electron transport phosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen 
B) carbon 
C) O2 
D) H2O 
E) NAD+ 
A) hydrogen 
B) carbon 
C) O2 
D) H2O 
E) NAD+

Question 16

How did oxygen gas accumulate in Earth's atmosphere following the evolution of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

The atmosphere of early Earth contained

Question 17

When intense exercise depletes oxygen in muscle cells faster than it can be replenished, these cells will produce ____ by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ethyl alcohol; alcoholic fermentation 
B) acetaldehyde; glycolysis 
C) pyruvate; glycolysis 
D) lactate; lactate fermentation 
E) citrate; citric acid cycle 
A) ethyl alcohol; alcoholic fermentation 
B) acetaldehyde; glycolysis 
C) pyruvate; glycolysis 
D) lactate; lactate fermentation 
E) citrate; citric acid cycle

Question 18

In order for glycolysis to proceed ____.

Accepted Answer

A) glucose must enter the mitochondria 
B) an input of energy from ATP is required 
C) oxygen must be available 
D) heat must be supplied 
E) carbon dioxide must be available 
A) glucose must enter the mitochondria 
B) an input of energy from ATP is required 
C) oxygen must be available 
D) heat must be supplied 
E) carbon dioxide must be available

Question 19

The last intermediate produced in the citric acid cycle is ____, which is also a substrate for the first reaction in this pathway, making the citric acid cycle a(n) ____ metabolic pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) pyruvate; linear 
B) acetyl CoA; catalyzed 
C) fructose bisphosphate; aerobic 
D) oxaloacetate; cyclic 
E) citrate; anaerobic 
A) pyruvate; linear 
B) acetyl CoA; catalyzed 
C) fructose bisphosphate; aerobic 
D) oxaloacetate; cyclic 
E) citrate; anaerobic

Question 20

The breakdown of glucose in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle yields twelve ____ coenzymes, which will deliver electrons to the electron transfer chain to drive ATP synthesis by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) reduced; hexokinase 
B) reduced; ATP synthase 
C) oxidized; hexokinase 
D) oxidized; ATP synthase 
E) phosphorylated; electron transfer phosphorylation 
A) reduced; hexokinase 
B) reduced; ATP synthase 
C) oxidized; hexokinase 
D) oxidized; ATP synthase 
E) phosphorylated; electron transfer phosphorylation

Exam 7: Releasing Chemical Energy

Which equation summarizes the overall pathway of aerobic respiration?

Why is the hydrogen ion gradient of the electron transfer chain important for energy production?

Match the process/substance in the citric acid cycle with the correct description. -carbon leaves the cell in CO2

In order to use the energy stored in sugars, cells must first convert it to energy stored in ____, which is synthesized during aerobic respiration.

Why are fats a richer source of energy than carbohydrates?

Match the cellular respiration process to the correct description. Some answers may be used more than once. -​produces less ATP than aerobic respiration

How are photosynthesis and aerobic respiration related?

​When hydrogen ions accumulate in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, what prevents them from moving back into the mitochondrial matrix without flowing through ATP synthase?

Carbon dioxide, water, sugar, and oxygen cycle through the world via ____ (energy capture) and ____ (energy release).

The ultimate source of energy for living organisms is ____.

Match the process/substance in the citric acid cycle with the correct description. -ADP; substrate-level phosphorylation

Match the following processes or items with their correct cellular location. Some answers may be used more than once. -ATP synthases

Match the process/substance in the citric acid cycle with the correct description. -acetyl-CoA

Glucose is converted into glycogen primarily in ____.

Aerobic organisms use ____ as the final electron acceptor in electron transport phosphorylation.

How did oxygen gas accumulate in Earth's atmosphere following the evolution of photosynthesis?

When intense exercise depletes oxygen in muscle cells faster than it can be replenished, these cells will produce ____ by ____.

In order for glycolysis to proceed ____.

The last intermediate produced in the citric acid cycle is ____, which is also a substrate for the first reaction in this pathway, making the citric acid cycle a(n) ____ metabolic pathway.

The breakdown of glucose in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle yields twelve ____ coenzymes, which will deliver electrons to the electron transfer chain to drive ATP synthesis by ____.

The Science of Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Starts-Photosynthesis

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Patterns in Inherited Traits

Human Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

The Protists

Plant Evolution

Fungi

Animals I: Major Invertebrate Groups

Animals Ii: the Chordates

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Effects on the Biosphere

Filters

Match the process/substance in the citric acid cycle with the correct description. -carbon leaves the cell in CO₂

Match the cellular respiration process to the correct description. Some answers may be used more than once. -produces less ATP than aerobic respiration

When hydrogen ions accumulate in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, what prevents them from moving back into the mitochondrial matrix without flowing through ATP synthase?

Carbon dioxide, water, sugar, and oxygen cycle through the world via (energy capture) and (energy release).

When intense exercise depletes oxygen in muscle cells faster than it can be replenished, these cells will produce by .

The last intermediate produced in the citric acid cycle is , which is also a substrate for the first reaction in this pathway, making the citric acid cycle a(n) metabolic pathway.

The breakdown of glucose in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle yields twelve coenzymes, which will deliver electrons to the electron transfer chain to drive ATP synthesis by .