Question 1

A cool, damp, north-facing slope is covered with ferns, whereas an adjacent drier south-facing slope has none. What type of distribution pattern is this?

Accepted Answer

A) random 
B) uniform 
C) clumped 
D) stratified 
E) bimodal 
A) random 
B) uniform 
C) clumped 
D) stratified 
E) bimodal C

Question 2

The age structure diagram for rapidly growing populations ____.

Accepted Answer

A) is in the form of an hour glass, with large young and old populations 
B) is characterized by a large percentage of the population in the postreproductive years 
C) has a small base showing a reduced number of young 
D) has about equal distribution between all age groups 
E) is in the form of a pyramid and has a very broad base showing a large number of young 
A) is in the form of an hour glass, with large young and old populations 
B) is characterized by a large percentage of the population in the postreproductive years 
C) has a small base showing a reduced number of young 
D) has about equal distribution between all age groups 
E) is in the form of a pyramid and has a very broad base showing a large number of young E

Question 3

Which country or countries would be in the postindustrial phase of the demographic transition model if they did not accept immigrants from elsewhere?

Accepted Answer

A) the United States 
B) Japan and some countries in Europe 
C) Mexico and Brazil 
D) all European countries 
E) China and India 
A) the United States 
B) Japan and some countries in Europe 
C) Mexico and Brazil 
D) all European countries 
E) China and India B

Question 4

Match each statement to the correct ecological term.
-expected number of children a women will bear over the course of a lifetime

Accepted Answer

A) carrying capacity 
B) total fertility rate 
C) age structure 
D) replacement fertility rate 
E) reproductive base 
A) carrying capacity 
B) total fertility rate 
C) age structure 
D) replacement fertility rate 
E) reproductive base

Question 5

A flood that washes away many rabbits of a population is an example of a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A) density-dependent factor 
B) limiting factor dependent on the individuals 
C) consequence of exponential growth 
D) density-independent factor 
E) initial carrying capacity 
A) density-dependent factor 
B) limiting factor dependent on the individuals 
C) consequence of exponential growth 
D) density-independent factor 
E) initial carrying capacity

Question 6

A long-term study on guppies illustrates the effect of predation on life history traits. In the study, streams with killifish (which prey on immature guppies) had guppies that ____, compared to guppies in streams with cichlids (which prey on mature guppies).

Accepted Answer

A) were smaller 
B) had larger broods per year 
C) reproduced at an earlier age 
D) were smaller and had fewer broods per year 
E) had fewer broods per year and reproduced at an older age 
A) were smaller 
B) had larger broods per year 
C) reproduced at an earlier age 
D) were smaller and had fewer broods per year 
E) had fewer broods per year and reproduced at an older age

Question 7

In Atlantic codfish, pressure on the population by commercial fishing caused the size at sexual maturity to ____ and the age of sexual maturity to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) increase; decrease 
B) increase; increase 
C) increase; stay the same 
D) decrease; increase 
E) decrease; decrease 
A) increase; decrease 
B) increase; increase 
C) increase; stay the same 
D) decrease; increase 
E) decrease; decrease

Question 8

A population that is growing exponentially in the absence of limiting factors can be illustrated by which curve?

Accepted Answer

A) S-shaped 
B) J-shaped 
C) bell-shaped 
D) one that terminates in a plateau 
E) linear 
A) S-shaped 
B) J-shaped 
C) bell-shaped 
D) one that terminates in a plateau 
E) linear

Question 9

What term describes the population growth rate under optimal conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) biotic potential 
B) carrying capacity 
C) total fertility rate 
D) population distribution 
E) reproductive base 
A) biotic potential 
B) carrying capacity 
C) total fertility rate 
D) population distribution 
E) reproductive base

Question 10

In nature, individuals are added to a population by ____, and removed from a population by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) births and immigration; deaths and emigration 
B) births and emigration; deaths and immigration 
C) immigration only; emigration only 
D) emigration only; immigration only 
E) births only; deaths only 
A) births and immigration; deaths and emigration 
B) births and emigration; deaths and immigration 
C) immigration only; emigration only 
D) emigration only; immigration only 
E) births only; deaths only

Question 11

The amount of Earth's surface required to sustainably support a particular level of development and consumption is called the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) carrying capacity 
B) replacement rate 
C) ecological footprint 
D) demographic transition 
E) logistic growth 
A) carrying capacity 
B) replacement rate 
C) ecological footprint 
D) demographic transition 
E) logistic growth

Question 12

Match each statement to the correct ecological term.
-number of children a woman must bear to replace herself with one daughter of reproductive age ​Select the stage of the demographic transition model that corresponds to each description.

Accepted Answer

A) ​transitional 
B) ​industrial 
C) ​preindustrial 
D) ​postindustrial 
A) ​transitional 
B) ​industrial 
C) ​preindustrial 
D) ​postindustrial

Question 13

Zero population growth is achieved when ____.

Accepted Answer

A) a population reaches the carrying capacity of the environment 
B) the number of births is balanced by the number of deaths 
C) births exceed deaths 
D) immigration exceeds emigration 
E) migration is prevented 
A) a population reaches the carrying capacity of the environment 
B) the number of births is balanced by the number of deaths 
C) births exceed deaths 
D) immigration exceeds emigration 
E) migration is prevented

Question 14

A long-term study on guppies illustrates the effect of predation on life history traits. In this study, what occurred when guppies from streams with cichlids (which prey on larger guppies) were moved to streams with killifish (which prey on smaller guppies)?

Accepted Answer

A) Guppies became larger in one generation. 
B) Guppies became smaller in one generation. 
C) Guppies became larger over several generations. 
D) Guppies became smaller over several generations. 
E) Guppies did not change size. 
A) Guppies became larger in one generation. 
B) Guppies became smaller in one generation. 
C) Guppies became larger over several generations. 
D) Guppies became smaller over several generations. 
E) Guppies did not change size.

Question 15

Match each statement to the correct ecological term.
-distribution of population members among various age categories

Accepted Answer

A) carrying capacity 
B) total fertility rate 
C) age structure 
D) replacement fertility rate 
E) reproductive base 
A) carrying capacity 
B) total fertility rate 
C) age structure 
D) replacement fertility rate 
E) reproductive base

Question 16

What population distribution pattern is the most common in the natural world?

Accepted Answer

A) random 
B) uniform 
C) clumped 
D) stratified 
E) bimodal 
A) random 
B) uniform 
C) clumped 
D) stratified 
E) bimodal

Question 17

In the United States, the biggest increases in Canada geese have been among ____ birds that live where humans are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) only migratory; plentiful 
B) only migratory; scarce 
C) only nonmigratory; plentiful 
D) only nonmigratory; scarce 
E) both migratory and nonmigratory; scarce 
A) only migratory; plentiful 
B) only migratory; scarce 
C) only nonmigratory; plentiful 
D) only nonmigratory; scarce 
E) both migratory and nonmigratory; scarce

Question 18

A cohort is a ____.

Accepted Answer

A) group of individuals of the same species born during the same time interval 
B) group of individuals of the same sex within a population 
C) group of organisms of different species that interact with one another 
D) sexually reproducing pair 
E) litter mate or sibling within a large population 
A) group of individuals of the same species born during the same time interval 
B) group of individuals of the same sex within a population 
C) group of organisms of different species that interact with one another 
D) sexually reproducing pair 
E) litter mate or sibling within a large population

Question 19

Match each statement to the correct ecological term.
-of a population, members of the reproductive and prereproductive age categories

Accepted Answer

A) carrying capacity 
B) total fertility rate 
C) age structure 
D) replacement fertility rate 
E) reproductive base 
A) carrying capacity 
B) total fertility rate 
C) age structure 
D) replacement fertility rate 
E) reproductive base

Question 20

Out of the countries listed, which has the largest reproductive base?

Accepted Answer

A) Japan 
B) Sweden 
C) Mexico 
D) the United States 
E) India 
A) Japan 
B) Sweden 
C) Mexico 
D) the United States 
E) India

Exam 40: Population Ecology

A cool, damp, north-facing slope is covered with ferns, whereas an adjacent drier south-facing slope has none. What type of distribution pattern is this?

The age structure diagram for rapidly growing populations ____.

Which country or countries would be in the postindustrial phase of the demographic transition model if they did not accept immigrants from elsewhere?

Match each statement to the correct ecological term. -expected number of children a women will bear over the course of a lifetime

A flood that washes away many rabbits of a population is an example of a(n) ____.

A long-term study on guppies illustrates the effect of predation on life history traits. In the study, streams with killifish (which prey on immature guppies) had guppies that ____, compared to guppies in streams with cichlids (which prey on mature guppies).

In Atlantic codfish, pressure on the population by commercial fishing caused the size at sexual maturity to ____ and the age of sexual maturity to ____.

A population that is growing exponentially in the absence of limiting factors can be illustrated by which curve?

What term describes the population growth rate under optimal conditions?

In nature, individuals are added to a population by ____, and removed from a population by ____.

The amount of Earth's surface required to sustainably support a particular level of development and consumption is called the ____.

Match each statement to the correct ecological term. -number of children a woman must bear to replace herself with one daughter of reproductive age ​Select the stage of the demographic transition model that corresponds to each description.

Zero population growth is achieved when ____.

A long-term study on guppies illustrates the effect of predation on life history traits. In this study, what occurred when guppies from streams with cichlids (which prey on larger guppies) were moved to streams with killifish (which prey on smaller guppies)?

Match each statement to the correct ecological term. -distribution of population members among various age categories

What population distribution pattern is the most common in the natural world?

In the United States, the biggest increases in Canada geese have been among ____ birds that live where humans are ____.

A cohort is a ____.

Match each statement to the correct ecological term. -of a population, members of the reproductive and prereproductive age categories

Out of the countries listed, which has the largest reproductive base?

The Science of Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Starts-Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Patterns in Inherited Traits

Human Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

The Protists

Plant Evolution

Fungi

Animals I: Major Invertebrate Groups

Animals Ii: the Chordates

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Effects on the Biosphere

Filters

In Atlantic codfish, pressure on the population by commercial fishing caused the size at sexual maturity to and the age of sexual maturity to .

In nature, individuals are added to a population by , and removed from a population by .

Match each statement to the correct ecological term. -number of children a woman must bear to replace herself with one daughter of reproductive age Select the stage of the demographic transition model that corresponds to each description.

In the United States, the biggest increases in Canada geese have been among birds that live where humans are .