Question 1

Match each description with the most appropriate term.
-method that copies fragments of DNA and requires primers

Accepted Answer

A) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
B) DNA cloning 
C) DNA sequencing 
D) DNA profiling 
E) electrophoresis
F)probe
G)transgenic 
A) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
B) DNA cloning 
C) DNA sequencing 
D) DNA profiling 
E) electrophoresis
F)probe
G)transgenic A

Question 2

What happens directly after DNA polymerase adds a modified, colored nucleotide to the DNA strand during DNA sequencing?

Accepted Answer

A) The synthesis of the strand ends. 
B) A normal nucleotide must be added next. 
C) The DNA repair enzymes remove the nucleotide. 
D) Restriction enzymes cut the DNA fragment. 
E) The next nucleotide will be added at random. 
A) The synthesis of the strand ends. 
B) A normal nucleotide must be added next. 
C) The DNA repair enzymes remove the nucleotide. 
D) Restriction enzymes cut the DNA fragment. 
E) The next nucleotide will be added at random. A

Question 3

Why is it more difficult to study the products of the human genome than to determine the genome sequence? What information can be obtained through studying the protein content of cells?

Accepted Answer

Studying the products of the human genome is even more difficult than deciphering the genome itself. This is because the genome is constant, but gene expression is not. The amounts and types of proteins in a cell can differ dramatically by cell type and over time-an outcome of gene expression controls. Proteomics, an offshoot of genomics, involves the study of proteins on a large scale: the comprehensive set of proteins produced by an organism or a cellular system in it. Understanding patterns and shifts in protein production gives us a window into cellular function.​​

Question 4

In DNA libraries, a cell that contains a particular DNA fragment of interest is mixed with thousands or millions of others that do not. How does the use of a probe allow for detection of the DNA fragment of interest?

Accepted Answer

A probe is a synthesized short strand of

Question 5

Researchers are beginning the process of DNA cloning. They have chromosomal DNA, a plasmid cloning vector, restriction enzymes, and DNA ligase. What else is needed in order to perform DNA cloning? Why is this needed?

Accepted Answer

The researcher needs bacteria. Reproduci

Question 6

Researchers clone a fragment of DNA by inserting it into a ____.

Accepted Answer

A) vector 
B) CRISPR 
C) restriction enzyme 
D) chromosome 
E) sister chromatid 
A) vector 
B) CRISPR 
C) restriction enzyme 
D) chromosome 
E) sister chromatid

Question 7

What commonly serves as a DNA cloning vector?

Accepted Answer

A) a reproducing bacterial population 
B) a bacterial plasmid 
C) an animal plasmid 
D) a transgenic plant 
E) restriction enzymes 
A) a reproducing bacterial population 
B) a bacterial plasmid 
C) an animal plasmid 
D) a transgenic plant 
E) restriction enzymes

Question 8

The enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) a restriction enzyme 
B) reverse transcriptase 
C) DNA polymerase 
D) RNA replicase 
E) ligase 
A) a restriction enzyme 
B) reverse transcriptase 
C) DNA polymerase 
D) RNA replicase 
E) ligase

Question 9

The laboratory technique used to separate the DNA fragments produced by automated DNA sequencing is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the polymerase chain reaction 
B) electrophoresis 
C) ultracentrifugation 
D) electron microscopy 
E) fluorescence microscopy 
A) the polymerase chain reaction 
B) electrophoresis 
C) ultracentrifugation 
D) electron microscopy 
E) fluorescence microscopy

Question 10

An organism's complete set of genetic material is its ____.

Accepted Answer

A) proteome 
B) genome 
C) DNA library 
D) probe 
E) transcriptome 
A) proteome 
B) genome 
C) DNA library 
D) probe 
E) transcriptome

Question 11

Match each scenario with the type of genetic engineering that best describes it.
-Cotton is genetically engineered for resistance to the herbicide glyphosate.

Accepted Answer

A) medical application 
B) research application 
C) agricultural application 
A) medical application 
B) research application 
C) agricultural application

Question 12

Enzymes used to cut DNA molecules in recombinant DNA research are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ligases 
B) restriction enzymes 
C) transcriptases 
D) DNA polymerases 
E) replicases 
A) ligases 
B) restriction enzymes 
C) transcriptases 
D) DNA polymerases 
E) replicases

Question 13

What serves as the template for the production of cDNA?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) mRNA 
C) rRNA 
D) tRNA 
E) protein 
A) DNA 
B) mRNA 
C) rRNA 
D) tRNA 
E) protein

Question 14

Explain the significance of Taq polymerase for PCR.

Accepted Answer

The DNA polymerases of most organisms de

Question 15

Restriction enzyme cut ____.

Accepted Answer

A) specific RNA nucleotide sequences 
B) specific DNA nucleotide sequences 
C) nonspecific sites in mRNA 
D) nonspecific sites in protein molecules 
E) nonspecific sites in chromosomes 
A) specific RNA nucleotide sequences 
B) specific DNA nucleotide sequences 
C) nonspecific sites in mRNA 
D) nonspecific sites in protein molecules 
E) nonspecific sites in chromosomes

Question 16

Which biotechnology tool allows many copies of a specific section of DNA to be made very rapidly?

Accepted Answer

A) electrophoresis 
B) DNA library production 
C) DNA sequencing 
D) polymerase chain reaction 
E) DNA library screening 
A) electrophoresis 
B) DNA library production 
C) DNA sequencing 
D) polymerase chain reaction 
E) DNA library screening

Question 17

The polymerase used in PCR was isolated from ____, which typically lives in ____.

Accepted Answer

A) Escherichia coli; the mammalian gut 
B) Haemophilus influenzae; hot springs 
C) Homo sapiens; warm climates 
D) Thermus aquaticus; hydrothermal vents 
E) Streptococcus pneumoniae; mucous membranes 
A) Escherichia coli; the mammalian gut 
B) Haemophilus influenzae; hot springs 
C) Homo sapiens; warm climates 
D) Thermus aquaticus; hydrothermal vents 
E) Streptococcus pneumoniae; mucous membranes

Question 18

What benefit does the bacterial gene encoding the Bt protein confer on genetically modified plants?

Accepted Answer

A) faster growth 
B) slower metabolism 
C) resistance to drought 
D) vitamin enriched plant material 
E) resistance to insects 
A) faster growth 
B) slower metabolism 
C) resistance to drought 
D) vitamin enriched plant material 
E) resistance to insects

Question 19

Match each description with the most appropriate term.
-catalyzes reactions to construct DNA strands from mRNA

Accepted Answer

A) cDNA 
B) a restriction enzyme 
C) reverse transcriptase 
D) a DNA library 
A) cDNA 
B) a restriction enzyme 
C) reverse transcriptase 
D) a DNA library

Question 20

How are the number of short tandem repeats in an individual measured and how can this information be used for DNA fingerprinting in criminal investigations?

Accepted Answer

Short tandem repeats tend to occur in pr

Exam 15: Biotechnology

Match each description with the most appropriate term. -method that copies fragments of DNA and requires primers

What happens directly after DNA polymerase adds a modified, colored nucleotide to the DNA strand during DNA sequencing?

Why is it more difficult to study the products of the human genome than to determine the genome sequence? What information can be obtained through studying the protein content of cells?

In DNA libraries, a cell that contains a particular DNA fragment of interest is mixed with thousands or millions of others that do not. How does the use of a probe allow for detection of the DNA fragment of interest?

Researchers are beginning the process of DNA cloning. They have chromosomal DNA, a plasmid cloning vector, restriction enzymes, and DNA ligase. What else is needed in order to perform DNA cloning? Why is this needed?

Researchers clone a fragment of DNA by inserting it into a ____.

What commonly serves as a DNA cloning vector?

The enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is ____.

The laboratory technique used to separate the DNA fragments produced by automated DNA sequencing is ____.

An organism's complete set of genetic material is its ____.

Match each scenario with the type of genetic engineering that best describes it. -Cotton is genetically engineered for resistance to the herbicide glyphosate.

Enzymes used to cut DNA molecules in recombinant DNA research are ____.

What serves as the template for the production of cDNA?

Explain the significance of Taq polymerase for PCR.

Restriction enzyme cut ____.

Which biotechnology tool allows many copies of a specific section of DNA to be made very rapidly?

The polymerase used in PCR was isolated from ____, which typically lives in ____.

What benefit does the bacterial gene encoding the Bt protein confer on genetically modified plants?

Match each description with the most appropriate term. -catalyzes reactions to construct DNA strands from mRNA

How are the number of short tandem repeats in an individual measured and how can this information be used for DNA fingerprinting in criminal investigations?

The Science of Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Starts-Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Patterns in Inherited Traits

Human Inheritance

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

The Protists

Plant Evolution

Fungi

Animals I: Major Invertebrate Groups

Animals Ii: the Chordates

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Effects on the Biosphere

Filters

The polymerase used in PCR was isolated from , which typically lives in .