Question 1

Which molecule has an anticodon and binds to the protein-synthesizing machinery?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) mRNA 
C) rRNA 
D) tRNA 
E) ribosomes 
A) DNA 
B) mRNA 
C) rRNA 
D) tRNA 
E) ribosomes

Question 2

If the DNA triplets were ATG and CGT, the mRNA codons would be ____.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG and CGU 
B) ATG and CGT 
C) UAC and GCA 
D) UAG and CGU 
E) UAU and GCA 
A) AUG and CGU 
B) ATG and CGT 
C) UAC and GCA 
D) UAG and CGU 
E) UAU and GCA

Question 3

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, and responsible for many functions that keep the cell alive. The instructions for how to make each protein are encoded in the cell's DNA. Explain how DNA sequences can serve as instructions for building a protein.

Accepted Answer

DNA sequences encode specific genes. The

Question 4

Match each term with the most appropriate description.
-promoter

Accepted Answer

A) sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription 
B) encodes the gene's protein building information for translation 
C) process which is guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases 
D) a tRNA triplet that binds to mRNA 
E) a set of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
F)process which includes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids 
A) sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription 
B) encodes the gene's protein building information for translation 
C) process which is guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases 
D) a tRNA triplet that binds to mRNA 
E) a set of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
F)process which includes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

Question 5

Which nitrogenous base is present in DNA but not RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) adenine 
B) cytosine 
C) guanine 
D) uracil 
E) thymine 
A) adenine 
B) cytosine 
C) guanine 
D) uracil 
E) thymine

Question 6

Which type of RNA carries the protein-building message?

Accepted Answer

A) messenger RNA 
B) nuclear RNA 
C) ribosomal RNA 
D) transfer RNA 
E) structural RNA 
A) messenger RNA 
B) nuclear RNA 
C) ribosomal RNA 
D) transfer RNA 
E) structural RNA

Question 7

Answer the questions in reference to the five RNA codons listed below. Some choices may be used more than once.
-This codon specifies an amino acid and indicates the beginning of a coding region.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG 
B) UAA 
C) UUU 
D) UUA 
E) AAA 
A) AUG 
B) UAA 
C) UUU 
D) UUA 
E) AAA

Question 8

Some RIPs are not as toxic as ricin. What is the main difference between toxic and non-toxic RIPs?

Accepted Answer

Non-toxic RIPs do not cross intact cell

Question 9

Each intact ribosome consists of a large and a small subunit made of rRNA and ____.

Accepted Answer

A) structural proteins 
B) free amino acids 
C) DNA 
D) lipids 
E) enzymatic proteins 
A) structural proteins 
B) free amino acids 
C) DNA 
D) lipids 
E) enzymatic proteins

Question 10

The synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template strand is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A) replication 
B) translation 
C) transcription 
D) DNA synthesis 
E) metabolism 
A) replication 
B) translation 
C) transcription 
D) DNA synthesis 
E) metabolism

Question 11

How are eukaryotic transcripts modified before they are used in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Introns must be snipped out an

Question 12

In transcription, ____ is used as a template for the construction of a single new RNA molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) the entire DNA molecule 
B) both strands of a double-stranded segment of DNA 
C) a segment of one strand of double-stranded DNA 
D) an entire RNA molecule 
E) a single-stranded segment of RNA 
A) the entire DNA molecule 
B) both strands of a double-stranded segment of DNA 
C) a segment of one strand of double-stranded DNA 
D) an entire RNA molecule 
E) a single-stranded segment of RNA

Question 13

How can a single gene encode multiple versions of a protein?​

Accepted Answer

​Through alternative splicing,

Question 14

Answer the questions in reference to the five RNA codons listed below. Some choices may be used more than once.
-A single mutation involving the second letter of codon AUA would convert it to this codon.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG 
B) UAA 
C) UUU 
D) UUA 
E) AAA 
A) AUG 
B) UAA 
C) UUU 
D) UUA 
E) AAA

Question 15

Match each term with the most appropriate description.
-translation

Accepted Answer

A) sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription 
B) encodes the gene's protein building information for translation 
C) process which is guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases 
D) a tRNA triplet that binds to mRNA 
E) a set of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
F)process which includes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids 
A) sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription 
B) encodes the gene's protein building information for translation 
C) process which is guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases 
D) a tRNA triplet that binds to mRNA 
E) a set of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid
F)process which includes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

Question 16

Each position of a codon can be occupied by one of four nucleotides. What is the minimum number of nucleotides per codon necessary to specify all 20 of the amino acids that are typical of eukaryotic proteins?

Accepted Answer

The minimum number of nucleotides per co

Question 17

​In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the ____; in prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​cytoplasm; nucleus 
B) ​nucleus; cytoplasm 
C) ​nucleus; nucleus 
D) ​cytoplasm; cytoplasm 
E) ​endoplasmic reticulum; cytoplasm 
A) ​cytoplasm; nucleus 
B) ​nucleus; cytoplasm 
C) ​nucleus; nucleus 
D) ​cytoplasm; cytoplasm 
E) ​endoplasmic reticulum; cytoplasm

Question 18

Intervening, untranslated nucleotide sequences are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A) introns 
B) anticodons 
C) exons 
D) transcriptons 
E) poly-A tails 
A) introns 
B) anticodons 
C) exons 
D) transcriptons 
E) poly-A tails

Question 19

There are a total of ____ codons that specify a total of ____ naturally occurring amino acids.

Accepted Answer

A) 4; 20 
B) 20; 20 
C) 64; 20 
D) 64; 64 
E) 4; 64 
A) 4; 20 
B) 20; 20 
C) 64; 20 
D) 64; 64 
E) 4; 64

Question 20

Which type of RNA shows enzymatic activity by catalyzing peptide bond formation between amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) rRNA 
D) all types of RNA 
E) no RNA shows enzymatic activity 
A) mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) rRNA 
D) all types of RNA 
E) no RNA shows enzymatic activity

Exam 9: From DNA to Protein

Which molecule has an anticodon and binds to the protein-synthesizing machinery?

If the DNA triplets were ATG and CGT, the mRNA codons would be ____.

Proteins are the workhorses of the cell, and responsible for many functions that keep the cell alive. The instructions for how to make each protein are encoded in the cell's DNA. Explain how DNA sequences can serve as instructions for building a protein.

Match each term with the most appropriate description. -promoter

Which nitrogenous base is present in DNA but not RNA?

Which type of RNA carries the protein-building message?

Answer the questions in reference to the five RNA codons listed below. Some choices may be used more than once. -This codon specifies an amino acid and indicates the beginning of a coding region.

Some RIPs are not as toxic as ricin. What is the main difference between toxic and non-toxic RIPs?

Each intact ribosome consists of a large and a small subunit made of rRNA and ____.

The synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template strand is called ____.

How are eukaryotic transcripts modified before they are used in protein synthesis?

In transcription, ____ is used as a template for the construction of a single new RNA molecule.

How can a single gene encode multiple versions of a protein?​

Answer the questions in reference to the five RNA codons listed below. Some choices may be used more than once. -A single mutation involving the second letter of codon AUA would convert it to this codon.

Match each term with the most appropriate description. -translation

Each position of a codon can be occupied by one of four nucleotides. What is the minimum number of nucleotides per codon necessary to specify all 20 of the amino acids that are typical of eukaryotic proteins?

​In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the ____; in prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the ____.

Intervening, untranslated nucleotide sequences are called ____.

There are a total of ____ codons that specify a total of ____ naturally occurring amino acids.

Which type of RNA shows enzymatic activity by catalyzing peptide bond formation between amino acids?

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How can a single gene encode multiple versions of a protein?

In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the ; in prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the .

There are a total of codons that specify a total of naturally occurring amino acids.