Question 1

The mechanism of succession in a forest gap (an opening in the canopy caused by a disturbance, i.e., a microburst) would likely be

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitation. 
B)  tolerance. 
C)  inhibition. 
D)  facilitation and inhibition. 
A)  facilitation. 
B)  tolerance. 
C)  inhibition. 
D)  facilitation and inhibition.

Question 2

(Figure 19.16) Researchers studying deciduous forests in Pennsylvania found that browsing by deer in mature climax forests caused changes in the understory. The figure shows the importance values for the trees in the canopy and the understory. What do these results suggest about the stability of the current climax community?

Accepted Answer

The answer of   (Figure 19.16) Researchers studying deciduous...

Question 3

What is the clearest way to document succession?

Accepted Answer

A)  pollen sediments from a pond 
B)  direct observation 
C)  tree rings 
D)  carbon dating of wood 
A)  pollen sediments from a pond 
B)  direct observation 
C)  tree rings 
D)  carbon dating of wood

Question 4

The last seral stage in the process of succession is called the _____ community.

Accepted Answer

A)  apex 
B)  baseline 
C)  climax 
D)  final 
A)  apex 
B)  baseline 
C)  climax 
D)  final

Question 5

As succession progresses, what is similar and what is different among fields, sand dunes, and wetlands in Indiana near Lake Michigan?

Accepted Answer

As succession progresses in fields, sand

Question 6

When the path of succession is dependent upon which species arrives first, what is this termed?

Accepted Answer

A)  priority effect 
B)  inhibition 
C)  facilitation 
D)  tolerance 
A)  priority effect 
B)  inhibition 
C)  facilitation 
D)  tolerance

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a trait of a pioneer species?

Accepted Answer

A)  many seeds 
B)  shade tolerant 
C)  small seeds 
D)  fast growing 
A)  many seeds 
B)  shade tolerant 
C)  small seeds 
D)  fast growing

Question 8

Secondary succession takes place in habitats that

Accepted Answer

A)  are initially devoid of plants and organic soil. 
B)  have some plants following disturbance. 
C)  have some plants following disturbance but do not have organic soil. 
D)  have been disturbed and contain no plants but still contain organic soil. 
A)  are initially devoid of plants and organic soil. 
B)  have some plants following disturbance. 
C)  have some plants following disturbance but do not have organic soil. 
D)  have been disturbed and contain no plants but still contain organic soil.

Question 9

Can you tell what plant seral state you are in by looking at the bird species in a given area?

Accepted Answer

A)  yes, because bird species are usually associated with a particular seral stage 
B)  yes, because each bird species eats only a particular type of plant 
C)  no, because some bird species are associated with a number of plant seral stages 
D)  no, because birds eat a wide variety of insects as well 
A)  yes, because bird species are usually associated with a particular seral stage 
B)  yes, because each bird species eats only a particular type of plant 
C)  no, because some bird species are associated with a number of plant seral stages 
D)  no, because birds eat a wide variety of insects as well

Question 10

Transient climax communities can occur when a site

Accepted Answer

A)  undergoes rapid environmental change. 
B)  is frequently disturbed. 
C)  is attacked by a pathogen. 
D)  is colonized by invasive species. 
A)  undergoes rapid environmental change. 
B)  is frequently disturbed. 
C)  is attacked by a pathogen. 
D)  is colonized by invasive species.

Question 11

Why are there no spruces in the early seral stages of succession at Glacier Bay?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spruce seeds are not likely to disperse to the pioneer and low-shrub stages. 
B)  Spruce seedlings are inhibited by the presence of low shrubs. 
C)  Spruce seedlings are not tolerant to the environmental fluctuations in the pioneer stage. 
D)  There are few alder trees in the early seral stages to facilitate spruce establishment. 
A)  Spruce seeds are not likely to disperse to the pioneer and low-shrub stages. 
B)  Spruce seedlings are inhibited by the presence of low shrubs. 
C)  Spruce seedlings are not tolerant to the environmental fluctuations in the pioneer stage. 
D)  There are few alder trees in the early seral stages to facilitate spruce establishment.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about succession?

Accepted Answer

A)  Species richness initially decreases with time in aquatic succession. 
B)  Species richness initially increases with time in terrestrial succession. 
C)  Species richness shows no change with time in aquatic succession. 
D)  Species richness shows no change with time in terrestrial succession. 
A)  Species richness initially decreases with time in aquatic succession. 
B)  Species richness initially increases with time in terrestrial succession. 
C)  Species richness shows no change with time in aquatic succession. 
D)  Species richness shows no change with time in terrestrial succession.

Question 13

During succession, communities

Accepted Answer

A)  do not change. 
B)  always have a fixed trajectory to the climax stage. 
C)  are always changing. 
D)  are usually shaped by abiotic factors only. 
A)  do not change. 
B)  always have a fixed trajectory to the climax stage. 
C)  are always changing. 
D)  are usually shaped by abiotic factors only.

Question 14

How could a priority effect be important in the mechanism of facilitation?

Accepted Answer

The priority effect refers to the phenom

Question 15

Development of communities in habitats that are initially devoid of plants and organic soil is known as _____ succession.

Accepted Answer

A)  climax 
B)  initial 
C)  secondary 
D)  primary 
A)  climax 
B)  initial 
C)  secondary 
D)  primary

Question 16

Succession in aquatic environments

Accepted Answer

A)  is often faster than succession in terrestrial environments. 
B)  is often slower than succession in terrestrial environments. 
C)  has more seral stages than succession in terrestrial environments. 
D)  never reaches a climax community. 
A)  is often faster than succession in terrestrial environments. 
B)  is often slower than succession in terrestrial environments. 
C)  has more seral stages than succession in terrestrial environments. 
D)  never reaches a climax community.

Question 17

Why don't gaps in a forest canopy always help early-succession species establish?

Accepted Answer

Gaps in a forest canopy occur when trees

Question 18

Primary succession

Accepted Answer

A)  begins with soil containing organic matter. 
B)  lasts much longer than secondary succession. 
C)  has rarely occurred in terrestrial environments. 
D)  usually begins with lichens and mosses. 
A)  begins with soil containing organic matter. 
B)  lasts much longer than secondary succession. 
C)  has rarely occurred in terrestrial environments. 
D)  usually begins with lichens and mosses.

Question 19

Succession is change in _____ over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  species interactions 
B)  species competition 
C)  species composition 
D)  land use 
A)  species interactions 
B)  species competition 
C)  species composition 
D)  land use

Question 20

Why might a forest contain both climax tree species and a few early-succession species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grazers ate most of the grass species in the area. 
B)  Legumes have not established everywhere in the forest. 
C)  Disturbances have produced gaps of intense sunlight. 
D)  Fire has removed most of the understory species. 
A)  Grazers ate most of the grass species in the area. 
B)  Legumes have not established everywhere in the forest. 
C)  Disturbances have produced gaps of intense sunlight. 
D)  Fire has removed most of the understory species.

Exam 19: Community Succession

The mechanism of succession in a forest gap (an opening in the canopy caused by a disturbance, i.e., a microburst) would likely be

What is the clearest way to document succession?

The last seral stage in the process of succession is called the _____ community.

As succession progresses, what is similar and what is different among fields, sand dunes, and wetlands in Indiana near Lake Michigan?

When the path of succession is dependent upon which species arrives first, what is this termed?

Which of the following is NOT a trait of a pioneer species?

Secondary succession takes place in habitats that

Can you tell what plant seral state you are in by looking at the bird species in a given area?

Transient climax communities can occur when a site

Why are there no spruces in the early seral stages of succession at Glacier Bay?

Which of the following is TRUE about succession?

During succession, communities

How could a priority effect be important in the mechanism of facilitation?

Development of communities in habitats that are initially devoid of plants and organic soil is known as _____ succession.

Succession in aquatic environments

Why don't gaps in a forest canopy always help early-succession species establish?

Primary succession

Succession is change in _____ over time.

Why might a forest contain both climax tree species and a few early-succession species?

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviors

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Mutualism

Community Structure

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

Exam 19: Community Succession　