Question 1

Inhibition is a mechanism of succession in which

Accepted Answer

A)  the probability that a species can become established depends on the presence of another species. 
B)  the arrival of one species at a site affects the subsequent colonization of other species. 
C)  one species decreases the probability that a second species will become established. 
D)  one species increases the probability that a second species will become established. 
A)  the probability that a species can become established depends on the presence of another species. 
B)  the arrival of one species at a site affects the subsequent colonization of other species. 
C)  one species decreases the probability that a second species will become established. 
D)  one species increases the probability that a second species will become established. C

Question 2

Each stage of community change during succession is called a _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  succession 
B)  seral 
C)  serial 
D)  community 
A)  succession 
B)  seral 
C)  serial 
D)  community B

Question 3

Why might direct observation of succession be easier in intertidal communities than in terrestrial communities?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is easier to see all of the organisms in an intertidal area. 
B)  Facilitation happens less easily in terrestrial communities, which makes it more difficult to see transitions among seral stages. 
C)  There are many more organisms in a forest than in an intertidal area. 
D)  Organisms in an intertidal area have shorter generation times than organisms in terrestrial communities. 
A)  It is easier to see all of the organisms in an intertidal area. 
B)  Facilitation happens less easily in terrestrial communities, which makes it more difficult to see transitions among seral stages. 
C)  There are many more organisms in a forest than in an intertidal area. 
D)  Organisms in an intertidal area have shorter generation times than organisms in terrestrial communities. D

Question 4

(Figure 19.16) If you excluded deer from the forest represented by the graph, what changes in importance would you likely see?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sugar maple's importance will increase both in the understory and in the canopy. 
B)  American beech's importance will increase in the understory. 
C)  Tulip poplar's importance will increase in the canopy. 
D)  Tulip poplar's importance will increase in the understory. 
A)  Sugar maple's importance will increase both in the understory and in the canopy. 
B)  American beech's importance will increase in the understory. 
C)  Tulip poplar's importance will increase in the canopy. 
D)  Tulip poplar's importance will increase in the understory.

Question 5

How could you tell for certain if a plant lived 2,000 years ago in a pond sediment sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dating of pollen 
B)  tree rings 
C)  construction of a pond followed by direct observation. 
D)  observation of a chronosequence near the pond 
A)  carbon dating of pollen 
B)  tree rings 
C)  construction of a pond followed by direct observation. 
D)  observation of a chronosequence near the pond

Question 6

You observe three beech-maple forests in Indiana that began as ponds. How might you determine whether they all started succession with the same community composition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon date the maple and beech trees to see how long they have been living; older trees would suggest a more diverse starting community. 
B)  Calculate the species diversity of lichens found on the trees. 
C)  Try growing different types of pioneer species at each site. 
D)  Sample the soils at each site for pollen and carbon date them to get an estimate of the species that appeared first at the site. 
A)  Carbon date the maple and beech trees to see how long they have been living; older trees would suggest a more diverse starting community. 
B)  Calculate the species diversity of lichens found on the trees. 
C)  Try growing different types of pioneer species at each site. 
D)  Sample the soils at each site for pollen and carbon date them to get an estimate of the species that appeared first at the site.

Question 7

Some of the first species to colonize an area following disturbance have to persevere under inhospitable conditions such as disturbed soils, low soil moisture, and altered nutrient levels. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the priority effect. 
B)  facilitation. 
C)  inhibition. 
D)  tolerance. 
A)  the priority effect. 
B)  facilitation. 
C)  inhibition. 
D)  tolerance.

Question 8

Early-succession plant species are often shade intolerant, whereas late-succession plant species are often shade tolerant. Why are differences in shade tolerance important in succession?

Accepted Answer

Differences in shade tolerance are impor

Question 9

Suppose two species of trees are able to colonize an area disturbed by fire. One species typically grows to 5 meters, while the other species tends to stay under 2 meters in height. The two species have seeds of the same shape that are relatively light. Which one is more likely to colonize the disturbed area and why?

Accepted Answer

To determine which species is more likel

Question 10

_____ is a mechanism of succession in which the probability that a species can establish itself depends on its dispersal ability and its ability to persist under the physical conditions of the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Facilitation 
B)  Inhibition 
C)  Tolerance 
D)  Resilience 
A)  Facilitation 
B)  Inhibition 
C)  Tolerance 
D)  Resilience

Question 11

Which type of succession would be expected to be the slowest?

Accepted Answer

A)  intertidal 
B)  lake 
C)  mountain stream 
D)  canyon stream 
A)  intertidal 
B)  lake 
C)  mountain stream 
D)  canyon stream

Question 12

Succession studied at Glacier Bay, Alaska, and on the island of Krakatau, Indonesia, has been done using

Accepted Answer

A)  direct observations. 
B)  indirect observations. 
C)  chronosequences. 
D)  pollen. 
A)  direct observations. 
B)  indirect observations. 
C)  chronosequences. 
D)  pollen.

Question 13

A climax community that is not persistent is called a _____ climax community.

Accepted Answer

A)  shifting 
B)  transient 
C)  variable 
D)  chaotic 
A)  shifting 
B)  transient 
C)  variable 
D)  chaotic

Question 14

The age of pollen grain is determined using

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dating. 
B)  elemental dating. 
C)  chronosequences. 
D)  seral dating. 
A)  carbon dating. 
B)  elemental dating. 
C)  chronosequences. 
D)  seral dating.

Question 15

A mechanism of succession in which the presence of one species increases the probability that a second species can become established is

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitation. 
B)  tolerance. 
C)  inhibition. 
D)  priority effect. 
A)  facilitation. 
B)  tolerance. 
C)  inhibition. 
D)  priority effect.

Question 16

Describe the process that forms bogs in lakes.

Accepted Answer

Bogs are a type of wetland ecosystem cha

Question 17

In the Great Basin Desert, many areas are dominated by sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata). Before settlement by Europeans, these areas had a greater diversity of native plants. What might have happened to cause the dominance of sagebrush?

Accepted Answer

There are several factors that may have

Question 18

Succession typically progresses from _____ to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-growing species; fast-growing species 
B)  shade-tolerant species; shade-intolerant species 
C)  species that produce few seeds; species that produce many seeds 
D)  species dispersed by the wind; species dispersed by gravity 
A)  slow-growing species; fast-growing species 
B)  shade-tolerant species; shade-intolerant species 
C)  species that produce few seeds; species that produce many seeds 
D)  species dispersed by the wind; species dispersed by gravity

Question 19

Chaparral vegetation found in southern California is an example of a climax community maintained by

Accepted Answer

A)  extensive grazing. 
B)  frequent logging. 
C)  occasional hurricanes. 
D)  periodic fires. 
A)  extensive grazing. 
B)  frequent logging. 
C)  occasional hurricanes. 
D)  periodic fires.

Question 20

Invasion of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in western North America is maintained by

Accepted Answer

A)  occasional hurricanes. 
B)  periodic fires. 
C)  extensive grazing. 
D)  frequent logging. 
A)  occasional hurricanes. 
B)  periodic fires. 
C)  extensive grazing. 
D)  frequent logging.

Exam 19: Community Succession

Inhibition is a mechanism of succession in which

Each stage of community change during succession is called a _____ stage.

Why might direct observation of succession be easier in intertidal communities than in terrestrial communities?

(Figure 19.16) If you excluded deer from the forest represented by the graph, what changes in importance would you likely see?

How could you tell for certain if a plant lived 2,000 years ago in a pond sediment sample?

You observe three beech-maple forests in Indiana that began as ponds. How might you determine whether they all started succession with the same community composition?

Some of the first species to colonize an area following disturbance have to persevere under inhospitable conditions such as disturbed soils, low soil moisture, and altered nutrient levels. This is an example of

Early-succession plant species are often shade intolerant, whereas late-succession plant species are often shade tolerant. Why are differences in shade tolerance important in succession?

_____ is a mechanism of succession in which the probability that a species can establish itself depends on its dispersal ability and its ability to persist under the physical conditions of the environment.

Which type of succession would be expected to be the slowest?

Succession studied at Glacier Bay, Alaska, and on the island of Krakatau, Indonesia, has been done using

A climax community that is not persistent is called a _____ climax community.

The age of pollen grain is determined using

A mechanism of succession in which the presence of one species increases the probability that a second species can become established is

Describe the process that forms bogs in lakes.

In the Great Basin Desert, many areas are dominated by sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata). Before settlement by Europeans, these areas had a greater diversity of native plants. What might have happened to cause the dominance of sagebrush?

Succession typically progresses from _____ to _____.

Chaparral vegetation found in southern California is an example of a climax community maintained by

Invasion of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in western North America is maintained by

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviors

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Mutualism

Community Structure

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

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Exam 19: Community Succession　

Succession typically progresses from _ to _.