Question 1

Lotka-Volterra models of predator-prey interactions show that

Accepted Answer

A)  predator populations lag behind prey populations. 
B)  prey populations lag behind predatory populations. 
C)  predator and prey populations cycle together. 
D)  predator-prey cycles are inherently unstable. 
A)  predator populations lag behind prey populations. 
B)  prey populations lag behind predatory populations. 
C)  predator and prey populations cycle together. 
D)  predator-prey cycles are inherently unstable. A

Question 2

Plant alkaloids act as chemical defense against herbivory because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are toxic to herbivores. 
B)  are difficult for herbivores to digest. 
C)  make the plant unpalatable. 
D)  are difficult to consume. 
A)  are toxic to herbivores. 
B)  are difficult for herbivores to digest. 
C)  make the plant unpalatable. 
D)  are difficult to consume. A

Question 3

How was the invasive plant the Klamath weed (Hypericum perforatum) controlled in California?

Accepted Answer

A)  A leaf-feeding beetle was introduced to control the weed. 
B)  The weed was killed off with herbicide. 
C)  The weed was killed off by a plant pathogen. 
D)  More cows were released to eat the weed. 
A)  A leaf-feeding beetle was introduced to control the weed. 
B)  The weed was killed off with herbicide. 
C)  The weed was killed off by a plant pathogen. 
D)  More cows were released to eat the weed. A

Question 4

In Lotka-Volterra models, a population is stable when its rate of change is

Accepted Answer

A)  greater than zero. 
B)  less than zero. 
C)  equal to zero. 
D)  None of the above 
A)  greater than zero. 
B)  less than zero. 
C)  equal to zero. 
D)  None of the above

Question 5

Draw the shape of the curves for type I, II, and III functional responses for predator and prey population.

Accepted Answer

The shape of the curves for type I, II,

Question 6

A species has been transplanted to a region of the world where historically it did not exist. It spreads rapidly and harms native species. This is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  introduced species. 
B)  exotic species. 
C)  invasive species. 
D)  non-native species. 
A)  introduced species. 
B)  exotic species. 
C)  invasive species. 
D)  non-native species.

Question 7

The introduction of the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) to Guam decimated the native fauna because

Accepted Answer

A)  the brown tree snake was a superior predator. 
B)  animals on Guam had no defenses against snakes. 
C)  the brown tree snake carried a virulent pathogen. 
D)  animals on Guam were very susceptible to a parasite carried by the brown tree snake. 
A)  the brown tree snake was a superior predator. 
B)  animals on Guam had no defenses against snakes. 
C)  the brown tree snake carried a virulent pathogen. 
D)  animals on Guam were very susceptible to a parasite carried by the brown tree snake.

Question 8

According to Lotka and Voltera what information was required to calculate the change in population size of the predator over time (dP/dt)?

Accepted Answer

A)  the efficiency rate of converting prey consumed into predator offspring 
B)  the efficiency rate of converting vegetation consumed by the prey into prey offspring 
C)  the overall death rate of the prey by all causes 
D)  the death rate of prey by all causes other than predation 
A)  the efficiency rate of converting prey consumed into predator offspring 
B)  the efficiency rate of converting vegetation consumed by the prey into prey offspring 
C)  the overall death rate of the prey by all causes 
D)  the death rate of prey by all causes other than predation

Question 9

Chameleon color patterns are an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  structural defenses. 
B)  aposematism. 
C)  behavioral defenses. 
D)  crypsis. 
A)  structural defenses. 
B)  aposematism. 
C)  behavioral defenses. 
D)  crypsis.

Question 10

The common wasp (Vespula vulgaris), the hover fly (Helophilus pendulus), and the hornet clearwing (Sesia apiformis) all exhibit similar color patterns, but only the wasp is harmful. What benefit, if any, do the hornet and fly gain from having coloring similar to that of the wasp?

Accepted Answer

The hornet clearwing (Sesia apiformis) a

Question 11

Which functional response curve shows a satiation of the predator at high prey densities?

Accepted Answer

A)  type I functional response curve only 
B)  type II functional response curve only 
C)  type III functional response curve only 
D)  type I, II, and III all show satiation 
A)  type I functional response curve only 
B)  type II functional response curve only 
C)  type III functional response curve only 
D)  type I, II, and III all show satiation

Question 12

Simultaneous examination of predator and prey population trends is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  dual population trajectory. 
B)  joint population trajectory. 
C)  dual population isocline. 
D)  joint population isocline. 
A)  dual population trajectory. 
B)  joint population trajectory. 
C)  dual population isocline. 
D)  joint population isocline.

Question 13

Describe what is occurring with predator and prey populations in each of the four sections of the figure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what is occurring with predator and...

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a plant alkaloid?

Accepted Answer

A)  tannin 
B)  lignin 
C)  caffeine 
D)  latex 
A)  tannin 
B)  lignin 
C)  caffeine 
D)  latex

Question 15

In Lotka-Volterra models of predator-prey interactions, the growth rate of the prey population is represented by

Accepted Answer

A)  cNP - rN. 
B)  r - cP. 
C)  crN - NP. 
D)  rN - cNP. 
A)  cNP - rN. 
B)  r - cP. 
C)  crN - NP. 
D)  rN - cNP.

Question 16

Humans have had the largest impact on natural systems as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminating mesopredators. 
B)  introducing mesopredators. 
C)  eliminating top predators. 
D)  introducing top predators. 
A)  eliminating mesopredators. 
B)  introducing mesopredators. 
C)  eliminating top predators. 
D)  introducing top predators.

Question 17

The two basic hunting strategies [active hunting vs. ambush (sit-and-wait hunting)] are both successful strategies under differing conditions. What characteristics of the prey might be associated with these two hunting strategies?

Accepted Answer

The two basic hunting strategies, active

Question 18

At the equilibrium isocline for prey, the population of predators

Accepted Answer

A)  causes the prey population to be stable. 
B)  causes the prey population to increase. 
C)  causes the prey population to decrease. 
D)  and prey both stabilize. 
A)  causes the prey population to be stable. 
B)  causes the prey population to increase. 
C)  causes the prey population to decrease. 
D)  and prey both stabilize.

Question 19

The nonpoisonous scarlet king snake (Lampropeltis elapsoides) found in the eastern United States has similar coloration to that of the poisonous eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius). This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  aposematism. 
B)  crypsis. 
C)  Müllerian mimicry. 
D)  Batesian mimicry. 
A)  aposematism. 
B)  crypsis. 
C)  Müllerian mimicry. 
D)  Batesian mimicry.

Question 20

A type _____ functional response occurs when a predator's rate of prey consumption increases linearly with increasing prey and then satiates.

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV

Exam 14: Predation and Herbivory

Lotka-Volterra models of predator-prey interactions show that

Plant alkaloids act as chemical defense against herbivory because they

How was the invasive plant the Klamath weed (Hypericum perforatum) controlled in California?

In Lotka-Volterra models, a population is stable when its rate of change is

Draw the shape of the curves for type I, II, and III functional responses for predator and prey population.

A species has been transplanted to a region of the world where historically it did not exist. It spreads rapidly and harms native species. This is known as a(n)

The introduction of the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) to Guam decimated the native fauna because

According to Lotka and Voltera what information was required to calculate the change in population size of the predator over time (dP/dt)?

Chameleon color patterns are an example of

The common wasp (Vespula vulgaris), the hover fly (Helophilus pendulus), and the hornet clearwing (Sesia apiformis) all exhibit similar color patterns, but only the wasp is harmful. What benefit, if any, do the hornet and fly gain from having coloring similar to that of the wasp?

Which functional response curve shows a satiation of the predator at high prey densities?

Simultaneous examination of predator and prey population trends is called a

Describe what is occurring with predator and prey populations in each of the four sections of the figure.

Which of the following is an example of a plant alkaloid?

In Lotka-Volterra models of predator-prey interactions, the growth rate of the prey population is represented by

Humans have had the largest impact on natural systems as a result of

The two basic hunting strategies [active hunting vs. ambush (sit-and-wait hunting)] are both successful strategies under differing conditions. What characteristics of the prey might be associated with these two hunting strategies?

At the equilibrium isocline for prey, the population of predators

The nonpoisonous scarlet king snake (Lampropeltis elapsoides) found in the eastern United States has similar coloration to that of the poisonous eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius). This is an example of

A type _____ functional response occurs when a predator's rate of prey consumption increases linearly with increasing prey and then satiates.

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviors

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Mutualism

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

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