Question 1

Which is NOT a way that edge habitat differs from interior habitat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Edge habitat has more sunlight. 
B)  Edge habitat has warmer temperatures. 
C)  Edge habitat has higher soil moisture. 
D)  Edge habitat has higher rates of evaporation. 
A)  Edge habitat has more sunlight. 
B)  Edge habitat has warmer temperatures. 
C)  Edge habitat has higher soil moisture. 
D)  Edge habitat has higher rates of evaporation. C

Question 2

The bronzed cowbird is a species of bird that thrives in edge habitat. This species is a nest parasite, which means what?

Accepted Answer

A)  The female of the species takes over the nests built by other species and incubates and raises its young in these nests. 
B)  The male of the species steals nest materials from the nests of other species to be used in building its own nests. 
C)  The male and female of the species destroy the nests of other birds and then claim the location as their own to build their own nest. 
D)  The female of the species lays her eggs in the nests of other species and then departs, leaving the eggs to be incubated by the other species and the young to be raised by the other species. 
A)  The female of the species takes over the nests built by other species and incubates and raises its young in these nests. 
B)  The male of the species steals nest materials from the nests of other species to be used in building its own nests. 
C)  The male and female of the species destroy the nests of other birds and then claim the location as their own to build their own nest. 
D)  The female of the species lays her eggs in the nests of other species and then departs, leaving the eggs to be incubated by the other species and the young to be raised by the other species. D

Question 3

Eskers are legacy effects of

Accepted Answer

A)  volcanic eruptions. 
B)  asteroid strikes. 
C)  glaciers. 
D)  floods. 
A)  volcanic eruptions. 
B)  asteroid strikes. 
C)  glaciers. 
D)  floods. C

Question 4

Smaller islands at equilibrium contain fewer species than larger islands at equilibrium because smaller islands have

Accepted Answer

A)  less colonization. 
B)  greater extinction. 
C)  greater isolation. 
D)  greater emigration. 
A)  less colonization. 
B)  greater extinction. 
C)  greater isolation. 
D)  greater emigration.

Question 5

Researchers in the Florida Keys fumigated islands to remove most arthropods and then observed colonization of species over time. The fumigated islands were near other islands, far from other islands, or at intermediate distances from other islands. What did their results show?

Accepted Answer

The results of the research showed that

Question 6

How does habitat fragmentation increase the total edge habitat? Describe the effect of habitat fragmentation on a 600-meter by 600-meter forest plot that has been divided into nine 200-meter by 200-meter sections using calculations of edge size.

Accepted Answer

Habitat fragmentation increases the tota

Question 7

In which biogeographic region is the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neotropical 
B)  Nearctic 
C)  Palearctic 
D)  Indomalayan 
A)  Neotropical 
B)  Nearctic 
C)  Palearctic 
D)  Indomalayan

Question 8

Regional species diversity is also called _____ diversity.

Accepted Answer

A)  beta 
B)  alpha 
C)  delta 
D)  gamma 
A)  beta 
B)  alpha 
C)  delta 
D)  gamma

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a Southern Hemisphere biogeographic region?

Accepted Answer

A)  Afrotropical 
B)  Indomalayan 
C)  Nearctic 
D)  Neotropical 
A)  Afrotropical 
B)  Indomalayan 
C)  Nearctic 
D)  Neotropical

Question 10

Which of the following equations describes the species-area curve?

Accepted Answer

A)  S = cAz 
B)  A = cSz 
C)  S = czA 
D)  SA = cz 
A)  S = cAz 
B)  A = cSz 
C)  S = czA 
D)  SA = cz

Question 11

Which biogeographic region is also called the Oriental region?

Accepted Answer

A)  Indomalayan 
B)  Afrotropical 
C)  Australian 
D)  Palearctic 
A)  Indomalayan 
B)  Afrotropical 
C)  Australian 
D)  Palearctic

Question 12

When the continents divided 60 million years ago, there was a land bridge between

Accepted Answer

A)  Africa and Europe. 
B)  India and Asia. 
C)  North America and South America. 
D)  Asia and North America. 
A)  Africa and Europe. 
B)  India and Asia. 
C)  North America and South America. 
D)  Asia and North America.

Question 13

In species-area curves, S represents

Accepted Answer

A)  number of species. 
B)  area of the site. 
C)  species diversity. 
D)  a constant fitted to the data. 
A)  number of species. 
B)  area of the site. 
C)  species diversity. 
D)  a constant fitted to the data.

Question 14

Marine environments are most diverse in _____ environments and most productive in _____ environments.

Accepted Answer

A)  tropical; tropical 
B)  tropical; temperate 
C)  temperate; tropical 
D)  temperate; temperate 
A)  tropical; tropical 
B)  tropical; temperate 
C)  temperate; tropical 
D)  temperate; temperate

Question 15

North and South America were joined by the Isthmus of Panama

Accepted Answer

A)  3 million to 6 million years ago. 
B)  10 million to 12 million years ago. 
C)  5 million to 8 million years ago. 
D)  1 million to 2 million years ago. 
A)  3 million to 6 million years ago. 
B)  10 million to 12 million years ago. 
C)  5 million to 8 million years ago. 
D)  1 million to 2 million years ago.

Question 16

About 250 million years ago, all of Earth's landmasses were joined as a single landmass called

Accepted Answer

A)  Pangaea. 
B)  Gondwana. 
C)  Laurasia. 
D)  Indomalaysia. 
A)  Pangaea. 
B)  Gondwana. 
C)  Laurasia. 
D)  Indomalaysia.

Question 17

$$\begin{array} { l l l } 
\text { Species } & \text { Community A } & \text { Community B } \
\text { Betula lenta } & 42 & 29 \
\text { Acer saccharum } & 33 & 35 \
\text { Acer pensylvanicum } & 12 & 20 \
\text { Fagus grandifoia } & 10 & 1 \
\text { Tilia Americana } & 1 & 8 \
\text { Quercus rubra } & 9 & 2 \
\text { Prunus serotina } & 1 & 1 \
\text { Robinia pseudoacacia } & 3 & 8 \
\text { Acer rubrum } & 1 & 2 \
\text { Prunus pensylvanica } & 2 & 0
\end{array}$$
The table lists tree species observed in communities A and B. Based on these data, calculate the estimated number of species in each community. How does the number of species represented by single individuals affect the estimated number of species in the community?

Accepted Answer

The table provided lists the number of i

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT an effect of fragmentation of a large contiguous habitat?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of edge habitat decreases. 
B)  The total amount of habitat decreases. 
C)  The number of habitat patches increases. 
D)  Patch isolation increases. 
A)  The amount of edge habitat decreases. 
B)  The total amount of habitat decreases. 
C)  The number of habitat patches increases. 
D)  Patch isolation increases.

Question 19

On which type of island should we expect to see the lowest level of biodiversity when equilibrium is reached?

Accepted Answer

A)  a small island located far from the source of colonizing species 
B)  a small island located nearer to the source of colonizing species 
C)  a large island located far from the source of colonizing species 
D)  a large island located nearer to the source of colonizing species 
A)  a small island located far from the source of colonizing species 
B)  a small island located nearer to the source of colonizing species 
C)  a large island located far from the source of colonizing species 
D)  a large island located nearer to the source of colonizing species

Question 20

In the equilibrium theory of island biogeography, occurs where extinction _____ colonization.

Accepted Answer

A)  is greater than 
B)  equals 
C)  is less than 
D)  None of the above 
A)  is greater than 
B)  equals 
C)  is less than 
D)  None of the above

Exam 22: Landscape Ecology and Global Biodiversity

Which is NOT a way that edge habitat differs from interior habitat?

The bronzed cowbird is a species of bird that thrives in edge habitat. This species is a nest parasite, which means what?

Eskers are legacy effects of

Smaller islands at equilibrium contain fewer species than larger islands at equilibrium because smaller islands have

Researchers in the Florida Keys fumigated islands to remove most arthropods and then observed colonization of species over time. The fumigated islands were near other islands, far from other islands, or at intermediate distances from other islands. What did their results show?

How does habitat fragmentation increase the total edge habitat? Describe the effect of habitat fragmentation on a 600-meter by 600-meter forest plot that has been divided into nine 200-meter by 200-meter sections using calculations of edge size.

In which biogeographic region is the United States?

Regional species diversity is also called _____ diversity.

Which of the following is NOT a Southern Hemisphere biogeographic region?

Which of the following equations describes the species-area curve?

Which biogeographic region is also called the Oriental region?

When the continents divided 60 million years ago, there was a land bridge between

In species-area curves, S represents

Marine environments are most diverse in _____ environments and most productive in _____ environments.

North and South America were joined by the Isthmus of Panama

About 250 million years ago, all of Earth's landmasses were joined as a single landmass called

Which of the following is NOT an effect of fragmentation of a large contiguous habitat?

On which type of island should we expect to see the lowest level of biodiversity when equilibrium is reached?

In the equilibrium theory of island biogeography, occurs where extinction _____ colonization.

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviors

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Mutualism

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

Exam 22: Landscape Ecology and Global Biodiversity　

Marine environments are most diverse in _ environments and most productive in _ environments.