Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which organisms can purge deleterious mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)  random assortment in meiosis 
B)  production of homozygous recessive nonviable offspring 
C)  random assortment in mitosis 
D)  production of offspring without the mutation 
A)  random assortment in meiosis 
B)  production of homozygous recessive nonviable offspring 
C)  random assortment in mitosis 
D)  production of offspring without the mutation C

Question 2

In honeybees, drones arise from _____ eggs, and workers arise from _____ eggs.

Accepted Answer

A)  diploid; fertilized haploid 
B)  unfertilized haploid; diploid 
C)  unfertilized haploid; fertilized diploid 
D)  fertilized haploid; unfertilized haploid 
A)  diploid; fertilized haploid 
B)  unfertilized haploid; diploid 
C)  unfertilized haploid; fertilized diploid 
D)  fertilized haploid; unfertilized haploid C

Question 3

What is the most common factor in environmental sex determination?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 
B)  ambient light level 
C)  humidity 
D)  temperature 
A)  pH 
B)  ambient light level 
C)  humidity 
D)  temperature D

Question 4

Sexual traits that are disadvantageous to male survival may be attractive to a female because they suggest the male possesses a superior genotype to counteract the disadvantageous trait. This is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  runaway sexual selection. 
B)  the handicap principle. 
C)  the good genes hypothesis. 
D)  the good health hypothesis. 
A)  runaway sexual selection. 
B)  the handicap principle. 
C)  the good genes hypothesis. 
D)  the good health hypothesis.

Question 5

Clones are offspring produced _____ and have the same _____ as the parent.

Accepted Answer

A)  sexually; phenotype 
B)  sexually; genotype 
C)  asexually; phenotype 
D)  asexually; genotype 
A)  sexually; phenotype 
B)  sexually; genotype 
C)  asexually; phenotype 
D)  asexually; genotype

Question 6

Which organisms are most likely to form monogamous relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  mammals 
B)  birds 
C)  insects 
D)  reptiles 
A)  mammals 
B)  birds 
C)  insects 
D)  reptiles

Question 7

Which statement best describes the cost of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Production of haploid gametes for sexual reproduction has a higher energy cost than direct production of diploid offspring. 
B)  Males pass on only 75 percent of their genetic material through sexual reproduction rather than 100 percent through asexual reproduction. 
C)  Sexual reproduction puts individuals at greater risk for predation. 
D)  Females pass on only 50 percent of their DNA through sexual reproduction rather than 100 percent through asexual reproduction. 
E)  Sexual reproduction results in fewer offspring than asexual reproduction. 
A)  Production of haploid gametes for sexual reproduction has a higher energy cost than direct production of diploid offspring. 
B)  Males pass on only 75 percent of their genetic material through sexual reproduction rather than 100 percent through asexual reproduction. 
C)  Sexual reproduction puts individuals at greater risk for predation. 
D)  Females pass on only 50 percent of their DNA through sexual reproduction rather than 100 percent through asexual reproduction. 
E)  Sexual reproduction results in fewer offspring than asexual reproduction.

Question 8

Scientists have confirmed a rare case of a virgin female hammerhead shark giving birth to offspring that were genetically identical to the mother. What process accounts for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  binary fission 
B)  clonal reproduction 
C)  vegetative reproduction 
D)  parthenogenesis 
A)  binary fission 
B)  clonal reproduction 
C)  vegetative reproduction 
D)  parthenogenesis

Question 9

An individual that uses its male gametes to fertilize its female gametes is reproducing through

Accepted Answer

A)  outcrossing. 
B)  self-fertilization. 
C)  cloning. 
D)  parthenogenesis. 
A)  outcrossing. 
B)  self-fertilization. 
C)  cloning. 
D)  parthenogenesis.

Question 10

All of the following are benefits of sexual reproduction EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)  mutations are more likely to be purged. 
B)  offspring are more likely to possess traits to help cope with future environmental challenges. 
C)  offspring are likely to have greater fitness than asexually produced offspring. 
D)  offspring are able to evolve to overcome the ever-evolving pathogens and parasites (i.e., fight the evolutionary arms race). 
A)  mutations are more likely to be purged. 
B)  offspring are more likely to possess traits to help cope with future environmental challenges. 
C)  offspring are likely to have greater fitness than asexually produced offspring. 
D)  offspring are able to evolve to overcome the ever-evolving pathogens and parasites (i.e., fight the evolutionary arms race).

Question 11

When researchers studied sex ratios in red deer (Cervus elaphus), they found that yearling females selectively aborted male offspring because males

Accepted Answer

A)  were more expensive to raise. 
B)  were less reproductively valuable. 
C)  required longer gestation periods. 
D)  required longer periods of parental care. 
A)  were more expensive to raise. 
B)  were less reproductively valuable. 
C)  required longer gestation periods. 
D)  required longer periods of parental care.

Question 12

Which of these terms describes a general mating system in which individuals mate with multiple partners without a lasting social bond?

Accepted Answer

A)  polyandry 
B)  promiscuity 
C)  polygamy 
D)  polygyny 
E)  monogamy 
A)  polyandry 
B)  promiscuity 
C)  polygamy 
D)  polygyny 
E)  monogamy

Question 13

What is the main difference between polygyny and polyandry?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are forms of polygamy; polygyny occurs when one male mates with multiple females, and polyandry occurs when one female mates with multiple males. 
B)  Polyandry involves the establishment of a long-term social bond, whereas polygamy does not. 
C)  Polygamy always involves one male with multiple females, whereas polyandry can involve one female with multiple males. 
D)  Polyandry and polygamy are the same mating system. 
A)  Both are forms of polygamy; polygyny occurs when one male mates with multiple females, and polyandry occurs when one female mates with multiple males. 
B)  Polyandry involves the establishment of a long-term social bond, whereas polygamy does not. 
C)  Polygamy always involves one male with multiple females, whereas polyandry can involve one female with multiple males. 
D)  Polyandry and polygamy are the same mating system.

Question 14

Mate guarding is selected for as a result of extra-pair copulation in

Accepted Answer

A)  polygyny. 
B)  polyandry. 
C)  polygamy. 
D)  monogamy. 
A)  polygyny. 
B)  polyandry. 
C)  polygamy. 
D)  monogamy.

Question 15

Natural selection favoring the rarer sex in a population leads to evolution of sex ratios. This process is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental sex determination. 
B)  frequency-dependent selection. 
C)  genetic sex determination. 
D)  frequency-independent selection. 
A)  environmental sex determination. 
B)  frequency-dependent selection. 
C)  genetic sex determination. 
D)  frequency-independent selection.

Question 16

In sexual reproduction, meiosis produces _____ cells from one parent that join with _____ cells from the other parent to form a _____ zygote.

Accepted Answer

A)  haploid; diploid; diploid 
B)  haploid; haploid; diploid 
C)  diploid; diploid; haploid 
D)  haploid; diploid; haploid 
E)  diploid; diploid; diploid 
A)  haploid; diploid; diploid 
B)  haploid; haploid; diploid 
C)  diploid; diploid; haploid 
D)  haploid; diploid; haploid 
E)  diploid; diploid; diploid

Question 17

Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  testicles of males 
B)  mammary tissues of females 
C)  fallopian tubes of females 
D)  tusks of male elephants 
A)  testicles of males 
B)  mammary tissues of females 
C)  fallopian tubes of females 
D)  tusks of male elephants

Question 18

Which statement best describes the Red Queen hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asexual selection allows organisms to increase survival by keeping up with the evolution of parasites. 
B)  Sexual selection allows organisms to increase survival by keeping up with the evolution of parasites. 
C)  Parasites evolve at such a rapid a rate that organisms cannot evolve countermeasures. 
D)  Organisms are able to survive parasites because they evolve at a more rapid rate than parasites. 
A)  Asexual selection allows organisms to increase survival by keeping up with the evolution of parasites. 
B)  Sexual selection allows organisms to increase survival by keeping up with the evolution of parasites. 
C)  Parasites evolve at such a rapid a rate that organisms cannot evolve countermeasures. 
D)  Organisms are able to survive parasites because they evolve at a more rapid rate than parasites.

Question 19

Scientists have found that offspring of male tree frogs with long calls spend more time feeding and grow faster than offspring of male tree frogs with short calls. This supports the

Accepted Answer

A)  good health hypothesis. 
B)  good genes hypothesis. 
C)  concept of runaway sexual selection. 
D)  handicap principle. 
A)  good health hypothesis. 
B)  good genes hypothesis. 
C)  concept of runaway sexual selection. 
D)  handicap principle.

Question 20

Which describes a plant species with perfect flowers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals of a plant have flowers that contain either female structures or male structures but not both, yet both types of flowers can be found on the same individual. 
B)  Some individual plants have flowers that contain only female structures, and other separate individuals have flowers that contain only male structures. 
C)  Individual plants have flowers that contain neither female nor male structures. 
D)  Individual plants have flowers that contain both female and male structures. 
A)  Individuals of a plant have flowers that contain either female structures or male structures but not both, yet both types of flowers can be found on the same individual. 
B)  Some individual plants have flowers that contain only female structures, and other separate individuals have flowers that contain only male structures. 
C)  Individual plants have flowers that contain neither female nor male structures. 
D)  Individual plants have flowers that contain both female and male structures.

Exam 9: Reproductive Strategies

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which organisms can purge deleterious mutations?

In honeybees, drones arise from _____ eggs, and workers arise from _____ eggs.

What is the most common factor in environmental sex determination?

Sexual traits that are disadvantageous to male survival may be attractive to a female because they suggest the male possesses a superior genotype to counteract the disadvantageous trait. This is known as

Clones are offspring produced _____ and have the same _____ as the parent.

Which organisms are most likely to form monogamous relationships?

Which statement best describes the cost of meiosis?

Scientists have confirmed a rare case of a virgin female hammerhead shark giving birth to offspring that were genetically identical to the mother. What process accounts for this phenomenon?

An individual that uses its male gametes to fertilize its female gametes is reproducing through

All of the following are benefits of sexual reproduction EXCEPT that

When researchers studied sex ratios in red deer (Cervus elaphus), they found that yearling females selectively aborted male offspring because males

Which of these terms describes a general mating system in which individuals mate with multiple partners without a lasting social bond?

What is the main difference between polygyny and polyandry?

Mate guarding is selected for as a result of extra-pair copulation in

Natural selection favoring the rarer sex in a population leads to evolution of sex ratios. This process is the result of

In sexual reproduction, meiosis produces _____ cells from one parent that join with _____ cells from the other parent to form a _____ zygote.

Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic?

Which statement best describes the Red Queen hypothesis?

Scientists have found that offspring of male tree frogs with long calls spend more time feeding and grow faster than offspring of male tree frogs with short calls. This supports the

Which describes a plant species with perfect flowers?

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Social Behaviors

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Mutualism

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

In honeybees, drones arise from _ eggs, and workers arise from _ eggs.

Clones are offspring produced _ and have the same _ as the parent.

In sexual reproduction, meiosis produces ___ cells from one parent that join with _ cells from the other parent to form a ___ zygote.