Question 1

Why are nature reserves that are more circular more likely to be preferred than nature reserves that are more oval in shape?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oval-shaped nature reserves act more like corridors; thus, species are less likely to reside in them as compared to circular-shaped nature reserves. 
B)  Oval-shaped nature reserves have more edge and less interior than do more circular-shaped nature reserves; thus, oval-shaped nature reserves will favor edge species. 
C)  In circular-shaped nature reserves, edge species are all equidistant to the center of the reserve. 
D)  There is no difference between oval-shaped and circular-shaped nature reserves based solely on their geometric shape. 
A)  Oval-shaped nature reserves act more like corridors; thus, species are less likely to reside in them as compared to circular-shaped nature reserves. 
B)  Oval-shaped nature reserves have more edge and less interior than do more circular-shaped nature reserves; thus, oval-shaped nature reserves will favor edge species. 
C)  In circular-shaped nature reserves, edge species are all equidistant to the center of the reserve. 
D)  There is no difference between oval-shaped and circular-shaped nature reserves based solely on their geometric shape.

Question 2

According to the _____ hypothesis, sites with higher amounts of energy are able to support more species.

Accepted Answer

A)  energetic-diversity 
B)  energy-diversity 
C)  energy-biodiversity 
D)  bioenergetics-diversity 
A)  energetic-diversity 
B)  energy-diversity 
C)  energy-biodiversity 
D)  bioenergetics-diversity

Question 3

Eventually _____ split into South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and India.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gondwana 
B)  Pangaea 
C)  Indomalaysia 
D)  Laurasia 
A)  Gondwana 
B)  Pangaea 
C)  Indomalaysia 
D)  Laurasia

Question 4

As habitat _____, species diversity _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  homogeneity decreases; decreases 
B)  homogeneity increases; increases 
C)  heterogeneity decreases; increases 
D)  heterogeneity increases; increases 
A)  homogeneity decreases; decreases 
B)  homogeneity increases; increases 
C)  heterogeneity decreases; increases 
D)  heterogeneity increases; increases

Question 5

Small intervening patches that dispersing organisms can use to move between large favorable habitats are called

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat corridors. 
B)  stepping stones. 
C)  glades. 
D)  matrix pathways. 
A)  habitat corridors. 
B)  stepping stones. 
C)  glades. 
D)  matrix pathways.

Question 6

A regional species pool is the collection of species

Accepted Answer

A)  that occur within a region. 
B)  that occur between two habitats. 
C)  in a relatively small area of homogeneous habitat. 
D)  in a large area of homogeneous habitat. 
A)  that occur within a region. 
B)  that occur between two habitats. 
C)  in a relatively small area of homogeneous habitat. 
D)  in a large area of homogeneous habitat.

Question 7

You own a small backyard lot behind your home that you have fertilized and mowed consistently over the years as a lawn. You decide you want to refocus your backyard lot and emphasize species diversity. What might you do to your backyard lot to enhance species diversity?

Accepted Answer

There are several steps you can take to

Question 8

For marine organisms, the highest diversity is seen at _____ and the lowest diversity is seen at _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  low longitudes; high longitudes 
B)  high longitudes; low longitudes 
C)  low latitudes; high latitudes 
D)  high latitudes; low latitudes 
A)  low longitudes; high longitudes 
B)  high longitudes; low longitudes 
C)  low latitudes; high latitudes 
D)  high latitudes; low latitudes

Question 9

(Figure 22.24) As you can see in the figure, species richness for animals and plants increases with average potential evapotranspiration, but the curves level off at high levels of evapotranspiration. Why are high levels of evapotranspiration associated with a plateau in species richness?

Accepted Answer

The answer of   (Figure 22.24) As you can...

Question 10

Time since glaciation is one possible predictor of species diversity. Explain how time since glaciation leads to differences in terrestrial diversity between polar and tropical regions.

Accepted Answer

Time since glaciation can lead to differ

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT associated with low terrestrial diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  recent glaciation 
B)  variation in vegetation 
C)  high temperature 
D)  low precipitation 
A)  recent glaciation 
B)  variation in vegetation 
C)  high temperature 
D)  low precipitation

Question 12

About 150 million years ago the single landmass separated into northern and southern landmasses called

Accepted Answer

A)  Laurasia and Gondwana. 
B)  Gondwana and Afrotropica. 
C)  Pangaea and Laurasia. 
D)  Nearctica and Palearctica. 
A)  Laurasia and Gondwana. 
B)  Gondwana and Afrotropica. 
C)  Pangaea and Laurasia. 
D)  Nearctica and Palearctica.

Question 13

A graph of the number of species observed in relation to the number of individuals sampled is called a species _____ curve.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase 
B)  accretion 
C)  accumulation 
D)  area 
A)  increase 
B)  accretion 
C)  accumulation 
D)  area

Question 14

Discuss the confounding issue that areas are losing species while at the same time increasing in biodiversity.

Accepted Answer

The confounding issue of areas losing sp

Question 15

A classic study by MacArthur and Wilson demonstrated that as the size of islands increases, species

Accepted Answer

A)  richness increases. 
B)  richness decreases. 
C)  population size increases. 
D)  population size decreases. 
A)  richness increases. 
B)  richness decreases. 
C)  population size increases. 
D)  population size decreases.

Question 16

The reduction in habitat size resulting from fragmentation causes a decline in species diversity for what reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fragments are more diverse, leading to greater specialization. 
B)  Fragments are more diverse, leading to greater generalization. 
C)  Fragments support smaller populations that are more prone to extinction. 
D)  Fragments tend to have more predators than unfragmented areas. 
A)  Fragments are more diverse, leading to greater specialization. 
B)  Fragments are more diverse, leading to greater generalization. 
C)  Fragments support smaller populations that are more prone to extinction. 
D)  Fragments tend to have more predators than unfragmented areas.

Question 17

How does fire cause habitat heterogeneity?

Accepted Answer

Fire plays a significant role in shaping

Question 18

In which biogeographic region is Egypt?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neotropical 
B)  Afrotropical 
C)  Indomalayan 
D)  Palearctic 
A)  Neotropical 
B)  Afrotropical 
C)  Indomalayan 
D)  Palearctic

Question 19

All of the species in all of the habitats that constitute a large geographic area are called

Accepted Answer

A)  regional diversity. 
B)  alpha diversity. 
C)  local diversity. 
D)  regional species pool. 
A)  regional diversity. 
B)  alpha diversity. 
C)  local diversity. 
D)  regional species pool.

Question 20

According to researchers, how has forest fragmentation led to the potential higher rate of exposure to Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Forest fragmentation has led to a decrease in population size of the bird species that feed on ticks. 
B)  Forest fragmentation has led to a warmer and drier environment that is not suitable for tick growth. 
C)  Forest fragmentation has led to an increase white-footed mice populations that are serve as hosts for ticks 
D)  Forest fragmentation has led more human contact with the smaller parcels of forests 
A)  Forest fragmentation has led to a decrease in population size of the bird species that feed on ticks. 
B)  Forest fragmentation has led to a warmer and drier environment that is not suitable for tick growth. 
C)  Forest fragmentation has led to an increase white-footed mice populations that are serve as hosts for ticks 
D)  Forest fragmentation has led more human contact with the smaller parcels of forests

Exam 22: Landscape Ecology and Global Biodiversity

Why are nature reserves that are more circular more likely to be preferred than nature reserves that are more oval in shape?

According to the _____ hypothesis, sites with higher amounts of energy are able to support more species.

Eventually _____ split into South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and India.

As habitat _____, species diversity _____.

Small intervening patches that dispersing organisms can use to move between large favorable habitats are called

A regional species pool is the collection of species

You own a small backyard lot behind your home that you have fertilized and mowed consistently over the years as a lawn. You decide you want to refocus your backyard lot and emphasize species diversity. What might you do to your backyard lot to enhance species diversity?

For marine organisms, the highest diversity is seen at _____ and the lowest diversity is seen at _____.

(Figure 22.24) As you can see in the figure, species richness for animals and plants increases with average potential evapotranspiration, but the curves level off at high levels of evapotranspiration. Why are high levels of evapotranspiration associated with a plateau in species richness?

Time since glaciation is one possible predictor of species diversity. Explain how time since glaciation leads to differences in terrestrial diversity between polar and tropical regions.

Which of the following is NOT associated with low terrestrial diversity?

About 150 million years ago the single landmass separated into northern and southern landmasses called

A graph of the number of species observed in relation to the number of individuals sampled is called a species _____ curve.

Discuss the confounding issue that areas are losing species while at the same time increasing in biodiversity.

A classic study by MacArthur and Wilson demonstrated that as the size of islands increases, species

The reduction in habitat size resulting from fragmentation causes a decline in species diversity for what reason?

How does fire cause habitat heterogeneity?

In which biogeographic region is Egypt?

All of the species in all of the habitats that constitute a large geographic area are called

According to researchers, how has forest fragmentation led to the potential higher rate of exposure to Lyme disease?

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviors

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Mutualism

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

Exam 22: Landscape Ecology and Global Biodiversity　

As habitat _, species diversity _.

For marine organisms, the highest diversity is seen at _ and the lowest diversity is seen at _.