Question 1

What is the principal effect of ultraviolet radiation on DNA?

Accepted Answer

The principal effect of ultraviolet (UV)

Question 2

Double stranded regions of RNA typically take on a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  A-form left-handed helix. 
B)  A-form right-handed helix. 
C)  B-form left-handed helix. 
D)  B-form right-handed helix. 
E)  Z-form left-handed helix. 
A)  A-form left-handed helix. 
B)  A-form right-handed helix. 
C)  B-form left-handed helix. 
D)  B-form right-handed helix. 
E)  Z-form left-handed helix.

Question 3

Which statement concerning the tautomeric forms of bases such as uracil is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  The double-lactim form contains a ketone group. 
B)  The lactam form contains an alcohol group. 
C)  The lactam form predominates at neutral pH. 
D)  Formation of the lactim from the lactam is irreversible. 
E)  The lactim and double-lactim forms are stabilized at high pH. 
A)  The double-lactim form contains a ketone group. 
B)  The lactam form contains an alcohol group. 
C)  The lactam form predominates at neutral pH. 
D)  Formation of the lactim from the lactam is irreversible. 
E)  The lactim and double-lactim forms are stabilized at high pH.

Question 4

Which molecule contains the GREATEST amount of stored chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  dGTP 
B)  GDP 
C)  dGDP 
D)  GMP 
E)  cGMP 
A)  dGTP 
B)  GDP 
C)  dGDP 
D)  GMP 
E)  cGMP

Question 5

A solution of DNA is heated slowly until the tm is reached. What is the likely structure of the DNA molecules at this temperature?

Accepted Answer

The term "t" in the question seems to be

Question 6

In a nucleoside, the pentose sugar is in its _____ form, and the ring is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  $\alpha$-furanose; planar 
B)  $\alpha$-pyranose; puckered 
C)  $\beta$-furanose; planar 
D)  $\beta$-furanose; puckered 
E)  $\beta$-pyranose; planar 
A)  $\alpha$-furanose; planar 
B)  $\alpha$-pyranose; puckered 
C)  $\beta$-furanose; planar 
D)  $\beta$-furanose; puckered 
E)  $\beta$-pyranose; planar

Question 7

The difference between thymine and uracil is:

Accepted Answer

A)  one methylene group on the pyrimidine ring. 
B)  one methyl group on the pyrimidine ring. 
C)  one hydroxyl group on the ribose ring. 
D)  one amine group on the pyrimidine ring. 
E)  one methyl group on the purine ring. 
A)  one methylene group on the pyrimidine ring. 
B)  one methyl group on the pyrimidine ring. 
C)  one hydroxyl group on the ribose ring. 
D)  one amine group on the pyrimidine ring. 
E)  one methyl group on the purine ring.

Question 8

In the Watson-Crick model for the DNA double helix (B form) the A-T and G-C base pairs share which property?

Accepted Answer

A)  The distance between the two glycosidic (base-sugar) bonds is the same in both base pairs, within a few tenths of an angstrom. 
B)  The molecular weights of the two base pairs are identical. 
C)  The number of hydrogen bonds formed between the two bases of the base pair is the same. 
D)  The plane of neither base pair is perpendicular to the axis of the helix. 
E)  The proton-binding groups in both base pairs are in their charged or ionized form. 
A)  The distance between the two glycosidic (base-sugar) bonds is the same in both base pairs, within a few tenths of an angstrom. 
B)  The molecular weights of the two base pairs are identical. 
C)  The number of hydrogen bonds formed between the two bases of the base pair is the same. 
D)  The plane of neither base pair is perpendicular to the axis of the helix. 
E)  The proton-binding groups in both base pairs are in their charged or ionized form.

Question 9

A major component of RNA but not of DNA is:

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine. 
B)  cytosine. 
C)  guanine. 
D)  thymine. 
E)  uracil. 
A)  adenine. 
B)  cytosine. 
C)  guanine. 
D)  thymine. 
E)  uracil.

Question 10

The nucleic acid bases:

Accepted Answer

A)  absorb ultraviolet light maximally at 280 nm. 
B)  are all about the same size. 
C)  are relatively hydrophilic. 
D)  are roughly planar. 
E)  can all stably base-pair with one another. 
A)  absorb ultraviolet light maximally at 280 nm. 
B)  are all about the same size. 
C)  are relatively hydrophilic. 
D)  are roughly planar. 
E)  can all stably base-pair with one another.

Question 11

A) List and explain the function of the ingredients required for a PCR reaction.
B) Describe the steps of each cycle of PCR.

Accepted Answer

List and explain the function of the ing

Question 12

Explain how nucleoside triphosphates (such as ATP) act as carriers of chemical energy.

Accepted Answer

Nucleoside triphosphates, such as ATP (a

Question 13

The "energy carrier" ATP is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate. 
B)  dinucleotide. 
C)  peptide. 
D)  ribonucleotide. 
E)  ribonucleoside triphosphate. 
A)  deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate. 
B)  dinucleotide. 
C)  peptide. 
D)  ribonucleotide. 
E)  ribonucleoside triphosphate.

Question 14

In the chemical synthesis of DNA:

Accepted Answer

A)  the dimethoxytrityl (DMT) group catalyzes formation of the phosphodiester bond. 
B)  the direction of synthesis is 5' to 3'. 
C)  the maximum length of oligonucleotide that can be synthesized is 8-10 nucleotides. 
D)  the nucleotide initially attached to the silica gel support will become the 3' end of the finished product. 
E)  the protecting cyanoethyl groups are removed after each step. 
A)  the dimethoxytrityl (DMT) group catalyzes formation of the phosphodiester bond. 
B)  the direction of synthesis is 5' to 3'. 
C)  the maximum length of oligonucleotide that can be synthesized is 8-10 nucleotides. 
D)  the nucleotide initially attached to the silica gel support will become the 3' end of the finished product. 
E)  the protecting cyanoethyl groups are removed after each step.

Question 15

Briefly describe the experimental evidence of Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty that DNA is the genetic material.

Accepted Answer

In 1944, Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, an

Question 16

Double-stranded regions of RNA:

Accepted Answer

A)  are less stable than double-stranded regions of DNA. 
B)  can be observed in the laboratory, but probably have no biological relevance. 
C)  can form between two self-complementary regions of the same single strand of RNA. 
D)  do not occur. 
E)  have the two strands arranged in parallel (unlike those of DNA, which are antiparallel). 
A)  are less stable than double-stranded regions of DNA. 
B)  can be observed in the laboratory, but probably have no biological relevance. 
C)  can form between two self-complementary regions of the same single strand of RNA. 
D)  do not occur. 
E)  have the two strands arranged in parallel (unlike those of DNA, which are antiparallel).

Question 17

How did the addition of different-colored fluorescent tags on each ddNTP improve the Sanger DNA sequencing method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientists did not need to use a heat-stable DNA polymerase. 
B)  A DNA primer was no longer needed. 
C)  All four ddNTPs could be incorporated into a single reaction. 
D)  Scientists could now use short tandem repeats to assist their sequencing. 
E)  The template DNA could now be double stranded. 
A)  Scientists did not need to use a heat-stable DNA polymerase. 
B)  A DNA primer was no longer needed. 
C)  All four ddNTPs could be incorporated into a single reaction. 
D)  Scientists could now use short tandem repeats to assist their sequencing. 
E)  The template DNA could now be double stranded.

Question 18

Compounds that contain a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group are called (a) _____.
Two purines found in DNA are (b) _____ and _____
A pyrimidine found in all DNA but in only some RNA is (c) _____.
In DNA, the base pair (d) _____-_____ is held together by three hydrogen bonds;
the base pair (e) _____-_____ has only two such bonds.

Accepted Answer

A: Compounds that contain a nitrogenous

Question 19

Double-stranded DNA was isolated from a cryophilic bacterium. Which choice is MOST likely to represent a possible composition of its bases?

Accepted Answer

A)  30% A:T, 70% G:C 
B)  50% A:T, 50% G:C 
C)  70% A:T, 30% G:C 
D)  Any of these choices is a likely composition. 
E)  None of these choices is a likely composition. 
A)  30% A:T, 70% G:C 
B)  50% A:T, 50% G:C 
C)  70% A:T, 30% G:C 
D)  Any of these choices is a likely composition. 
E)  None of these choices is a likely composition.

Question 20

Which deoxyoligonucleotide will hybridize with a DNA containing the sequence (5')AGACTGGTC(3')?

Accepted Answer

A)  (5')CTCATTGAG(3') 
B)  (5')GACCAGTCT(3') 
C)  (5')GAGTCAACT(3') 
D)  (5')TCTGACCAG(3') 
E)  (5')TCTGGATCT(3') 
A)  (5')CTCATTGAG(3') 
B)  (5')GACCAGTCT(3') 
C)  (5')GAGTCAACT(3') 
D)  (5')TCTGACCAG(3') 
E)  (5')TCTGGATCT(3')

Exam 8: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

What is the principal effect of ultraviolet radiation on DNA?

Double stranded regions of RNA typically take on a(n):

Which statement concerning the tautomeric forms of bases such as uracil is CORRECT?

Which molecule contains the GREATEST amount of stored chemical energy?

A solution of DNA is heated slowly until the tm is reached. What is the likely structure of the DNA molecules at this temperature?

In a nucleoside, the pentose sugar is in its _____ form, and the ring is _____.

The difference between thymine and uracil is:

In the Watson-Crick model for the DNA double helix (B form) the A-T and G-C base pairs share which property?

A major component of RNA but not of DNA is:

The nucleic acid bases:

A) List and explain the function of the ingredients required for a PCR reaction. B) Describe the steps of each cycle of PCR.

Explain how nucleoside triphosphates (such as ATP) act as carriers of chemical energy.

The "energy carrier" ATP is an example of a(n):

In the chemical synthesis of DNA:

Briefly describe the experimental evidence of Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty that DNA is the genetic material.

Double-stranded regions of RNA:

How did the addition of different-colored fluorescent tags on each ddNTP improve the Sanger DNA sequencing method?

Double-stranded DNA was isolated from a cryophilic bacterium. Which choice is MOST likely to represent a possible composition of its bases?

Which deoxyoligonucleotide will hybridize with a DNA containing the sequence (5')AGACTGGTC(3')?

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

DNA-Based Information Technologies

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types

Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism

Genes and Chromosomes

DNA Metabolism

RNA Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

A solution of DNA is heated slowly until the t_m is reached. What is the likely structure of the DNA molecules at this temperature?

In a nucleoside, the pentose sugar is in its _ form, and the ring is _.