Question 1

Current estimates indicate that _____% of the human genome is translated into protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 0.5 
B)  roughly 1.5 
C)  roughly 10 
D)  roughly 25 
E)  more than 50 
A)  less than 0.5 
B)  roughly 1.5 
C)  roughly 10 
D)  roughly 25 
E)  more than 50 B

Question 2

Common features found in a cloning plasmid used for protein do NOT include:

Accepted Answer

A)  a polylinker. 
B)  an origin of replication. 
C)  an antibiotic resistance marker(s). 
D)  a ribosome binding site. 
E)  telomeric ends. 
A)  a polylinker. 
B)  an origin of replication. 
C)  an antibiotic resistance marker(s). 
D)  a ribosome binding site. 
E)  telomeric ends. E

Question 3

What common protein tertiary structure does green fluorescent protein contain?

Accepted Answer

A)  an $\alpha$ helix 
B)  a $\beta$ barrel 
C)  a coiled coil 
D)  a Greek key 
E)  a four-helix bundle 
A)  an $\alpha$ helix 
B)  a $\beta$ barrel 
C)  a coiled coil 
D)  a Greek key 
E)  a four-helix bundle B

Question 4

Which method of visualizing a protein's location should you use if you want to determine its location in a living cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  a GFP fusion tag 
B)  immunofluorescence 
C)  qPCR 
D)  Gram stain 
E)  affinity purification 
A)  a GFP fusion tag 
B)  immunofluorescence 
C)  qPCR 
D)  Gram stain 
E)  affinity purification

Question 5

The biological role of restriction enzymes is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  aid recombinant DNA research. 
B)  degrade foreign DNA that enters a bacterium. 
C)  make bacteria resistant to antibiotics. 
D)  restrict the damage to DNA by ultraviolet light. 
E)  restrict the size of DNA in certain bacteria. 
A)  aid recombinant DNA research. 
B)  degrade foreign DNA that enters a bacterium. 
C)  make bacteria resistant to antibiotics. 
D)  restrict the damage to DNA by ultraviolet light. 
E)  restrict the size of DNA in certain bacteria.

Question 6

A good cloning vector should NOT have:

Accepted Answer

A)  an origin of replication. 
B)  an antibiotic resistance gene. 
C)  several unique restriction sites. 
D)  a small size. 
E)  genes allowing its insertion into the host chromosome. 
A)  an origin of replication. 
B)  an antibiotic resistance gene. 
C)  several unique restriction sites. 
D)  a small size. 
E)  genes allowing its insertion into the host chromosome.

Question 7

Which compound is NOT needed to build a cDNA library?

Accepted Answer

A)  genomic DNA 
B)  mRNA 
C)  reverse transcriptase 
D)  dNTPs 
E)  DNA polymerase 
A)  genomic DNA 
B)  mRNA 
C)  reverse transcriptase 
D)  dNTPs 
E)  DNA polymerase

Question 8

List three different heterologous expression systems and include one advantage and one disadvantage for each.

Accepted Answer

1. Baculovirus expression system
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Question 9

The process of linkage analysis does NOT rely on which technique to determine the genetic causes of diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  analysis of family pedigrees 
B)  identification of SNPs that are most often inherited with the disease-causing gene 
C)  the sequence of the entire chromosome where the disease-causing gene is located to directly identify it 
D)  comparing the DNA of people who have the disease with the DNA of people who don't have the disease 
E)  obtaining many sequences of a region of the chromosome that is associated with the disease 
A)  analysis of family pedigrees 
B)  identification of SNPs that are most often inherited with the disease-causing gene 
C)  the sequence of the entire chromosome where the disease-causing gene is located to directly identify it 
D)  comparing the DNA of people who have the disease with the DNA of people who don't have the disease 
E)  obtaining many sequences of a region of the chromosome that is associated with the disease

Question 10

Approximately how much of the human genome encodes the exons of protein-coding sequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5% 
B)  5% 
C)  30% 
D)  100% 
E)  80% 
A)  1.5% 
B)  5% 
C)  30% 
D)  100% 
E)  80%

Question 11

Current estimates indicate that humans have about _____ genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  3,000 
B)  10,000 
C)  30,000 
D)  100,000 
E)  300,000 
A)  3,000 
B)  10,000 
C)  30,000 
D)  100,000 
E)  300,000

Question 12

Diagram a phylogenetic tree to show the relationship between several sequences from the same gene in different organisms. The sequences are GAACTA, GGATTA, AGATCA, GGACTA, and AGATTA.

Accepted Answer

To diagram a phylogenetic tree showing t

Question 13

Which list ranks the organisms in order from smallest genome (number of base pairs of DNA) to largest genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human, fruit fly, E. coli bacterium 
B)  E. coli bacterium, human, fruit fly 
C)  E. coli bacterium, fruit fly, human 
D)  fruit fly, E. coli bacterium, human 
E)  fruit fly, human, E. coli bacterium 
A)  Human, fruit fly, E. coli bacterium 
B)  E. coli bacterium, human, fruit fly 
C)  E. coli bacterium, fruit fly, human 
D)  fruit fly, E. coli bacterium, human 
E)  fruit fly, human, E. coli bacterium

Question 14

Which statement about transposons is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are a form of molecular parasite. 
B)  They have played a major role in human evolution. 
C)  All transposons are active and move around the human genome. 
D)  Some transposons move to another genomic location via an RNA intermediate. 
E)  They often contain genes that encode proteins that catalyze transposon movement. 
A)  They are a form of molecular parasite. 
B)  They have played a major role in human evolution. 
C)  All transposons are active and move around the human genome. 
D)  Some transposons move to another genomic location via an RNA intermediate. 
E)  They often contain genes that encode proteins that catalyze transposon movement.

Question 15

Yeast two-hybrid analysis functions due to which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  The DNA-binding domain and transcriptional activation domain of a separated transcription factor are only brought into close proximity when the two proteins of interest interact with each other. 
B)  The DNA-binding domain and the transcriptional activation domain of a separated transcription factor may remain stable independent of each other. 
C)  Yeast can be grown as either a haploid or a diploid cell. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  The DNA-binding domain and transcriptional activation domain of a separated transcription factor are only brought into close proximity when the two proteins of interest interact with each other. 
B)  The DNA-binding domain and the transcriptional activation domain of a separated transcription factor may remain stable independent of each other. 
C)  Yeast can be grown as either a haploid or a diploid cell. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 16

A DNA sequence that may be present as only a single copy in a large mammalian genome can be amplified and cloned using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Describe the steps and reaction components required in a PCR experiment. Illustrate the steps in just one round.

Accepted Answer

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a

Question 17

Mutations in which genetic sequences are NOT likely to have a phenotypic effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  noncoding RNAs 
B)  exons 
C)  interspersed nuclear elements 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  noncoding RNAs 
B)  exons 
C)  interspersed nuclear elements 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

Restriction enzymes:

Accepted Answer

A)  act at the membrane to restrict the passage of certain molecules into the cell. 
B)  are highly specialized ribonucleases that degrade mRNA soon after its synthesis. 
C)  are sequence-specific DNA endonucleases. 
D)  are very specific proteases that cleave peptides at only certain sequences. 
E)  catalyze the addition of a certain amino acid to a specific tRNA. 
A)  act at the membrane to restrict the passage of certain molecules into the cell. 
B)  are highly specialized ribonucleases that degrade mRNA soon after its synthesis. 
C)  are sequence-specific DNA endonucleases. 
D)  are very specific proteases that cleave peptides at only certain sequences. 
E)  catalyze the addition of a certain amino acid to a specific tRNA.

Question 19

The fluorophore in GFP is derived from covalent modifications of which structures located at the interior of the protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  coenzymes 
B)  amino acids 
C)  prosthetic groups 
D)  metal ions 
E)  nucleotides 
A)  coenzymes 
B)  amino acids 
C)  prosthetic groups 
D)  metal ions 
E)  nucleotides

Question 20

Which method is NOT used in linkage analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  comparing densely spaced polymorphisms 
B)  collecting DNA from a family affected by the disease of interest 
C)  sequencing selected parts of the genome 
D)  introducing retroviruses at the mutated locus 
E)  looking for SNP variants 
A)  comparing densely spaced polymorphisms 
B)  collecting DNA from a family affected by the disease of interest 
C)  sequencing selected parts of the genome 
D)  introducing retroviruses at the mutated locus 
E)  looking for SNP variants

Exam 9: DNA-Based Information Technologies

Current estimates indicate that _____% of the human genome is translated into protein.

Common features found in a cloning plasmid used for protein do NOT include:

What common protein tertiary structure does green fluorescent protein contain?

Which method of visualizing a protein's location should you use if you want to determine its location in a living cell?

The biological role of restriction enzymes is to:

A good cloning vector should NOT have:

Which compound is NOT needed to build a cDNA library?

List three different heterologous expression systems and include one advantage and one disadvantage for each.

The process of linkage analysis does NOT rely on which technique to determine the genetic causes of diseases?

Approximately how much of the human genome encodes the exons of protein-coding sequences?

Current estimates indicate that humans have about _____ genes.

Diagram a phylogenetic tree to show the relationship between several sequences from the same gene in different organisms. The sequences are GAACTA, GGATTA, AGATCA, GGACTA, and AGATTA.

Which list ranks the organisms in order from smallest genome (number of base pairs of DNA) to largest genome?

Which statement about transposons is NOT correct?

Yeast two-hybrid analysis functions due to which reason?

A DNA sequence that may be present as only a single copy in a large mammalian genome can be amplified and cloned using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Describe the steps and reaction components required in a PCR experiment. Illustrate the steps in just one round.

Mutations in which genetic sequences are NOT likely to have a phenotypic effect?

Restriction enzymes:

The fluorophore in GFP is derived from covalent modifications of which structures located at the interior of the protein?

Which method is NOT used in linkage analysis?

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types

Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism

Genes and Chromosomes

DNA Metabolism

RNA Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

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