Question 1

Name two different methods by which protein-protein interactions can be discovered and probed.

Accepted Answer

Two different methods by which protein-p

Question 2

A restriction endonuclease that has a recognition sequence of 8 bp in length would be expected to cut dsDNA on average once in how many base pairs?

Accepted Answer

A)  256 
B)  1024 
C)  4096 
D)  65536 
E)  1048576 
A)  256 
B)  1024 
C)  4096 
D)  65536 
E)  1048576

Question 3

If you want to clone a gene by using E. coli and then transfer that cloned gene into yeast to express the protein the gene encodes, what type of self-replicating DNA should you use for your cloning process?

Accepted Answer

A)  a bacmid 
B)  a plasmid 
C)  a yeast artificial chromosome 
D)  a shuttle vector 
E)  a bacterial artificial chromosome 
A)  a bacmid 
B)  a plasmid 
C)  a yeast artificial chromosome 
D)  a shuttle vector 
E)  a bacterial artificial chromosome

Question 4

Describe the process of making a DNA microarray.

Accepted Answer

The process of making a DNA microarray i

Question 5

What is a significant problem with regard to making cDNA libraries to analyze overall gene function in an eukaryotic organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  A cDNA library will only contain genes that are actively transcribed in the organism. 
B)  Reverse transcriptase cannot be used to make cDNA libraries. 
C)  cDNA cannot be amplified by PCR. 
D)  cDNA libraries do not contain intron sequences. 
E)  cDNA libraries may contain several alternatively spliced forms of the same gene. 
A)  A cDNA library will only contain genes that are actively transcribed in the organism. 
B)  Reverse transcriptase cannot be used to make cDNA libraries. 
C)  cDNA cannot be amplified by PCR. 
D)  cDNA libraries do not contain intron sequences. 
E)  cDNA libraries may contain several alternatively spliced forms of the same gene.

Question 6

A scientist wishes to produce a mammalian protein in E. coli. The protein is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 40,000. Approximately 20% of its mass is polysaccharide. The isolated protein is usually phosphorylated and contains three disulfide bonds. The cloned gene contains no introns. (a) What sequences or sites will be required in the vector to get this gene regulated, transcribed, and translated in E. coli? (b) List two problems that might arise in producing a protein identical to that isolated from mammalian cells and describe each problem in no more than two sentences.

Accepted Answer

(a) To regulate, transcribe, and transla

Question 7

If you want to determine which proteins might be interacting in a cell, which technique would you use to examine the interaction in a living cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  yeast two-hybrid analysis 
B)  immunoprecipitation 
C)  a DNA microarray 
D)  immunofluorescence 
E)  comparative genomics 
A)  yeast two-hybrid analysis 
B)  immunoprecipitation 
C)  a DNA microarray 
D)  immunofluorescence 
E)  comparative genomics

Question 8

What is the essential difference between a genomic library and a cDNA library?

Accepted Answer

The essential difference between a genom

Question 9

A(n) _____ would NOT used as a heterologous host for the expression of recombinant proteins/

Accepted Answer

A)  retrovirus 
B)  bacterium such as E. coli 
C)  eukaryote such as S. cerevisiae 
D)  insect cell 
E)  mammalian cell 
A)  retrovirus 
B)  bacterium such as E. coli 
C)  eukaryote such as S. cerevisiae 
D)  insect cell 
E)  mammalian cell

Question 10

As the cost of sequencing your personal human genome rapidly approaches $1,000, consider the benefits and risks of having every fetus' DNA sequenced before birth.

Accepted Answer

The rapid decrease in the cost of sequen

Question 11

Conserved gene order observed in the chromosomes of two distantly related organisms provides evidence of a(n) _____ relationship between genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  orthologous 
B)  homologous 
C)  paralogous 
D)  analogous 
E)  genologous 
A)  orthologous 
B)  homologous 
C)  paralogous 
D)  analogous 
E)  genologous

Question 12

Distinguish between protein function at the molecular, cellular, and phenotypic level.

Accepted Answer

At the molecular level, protein function

Question 13

If you wanted to study the effects of inactivating a specific gene on development of a mouse, which technique or system would you use to inactivate that gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  transfection 
B)  CRISPR/Cas9 
C)  tandem affinity purification 
D)  yeast two-hybrid 
E)  oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis 
A)  transfection 
B)  CRISPR/Cas9 
C)  tandem affinity purification 
D)  yeast two-hybrid 
E)  oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis

Question 14

Which repeating sequences in the human genome are the targets of technologies used in forensic DNA analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  simple-sequence repeats 
B)  single nucleotide polymorphisms 
C)  introns 
D)  short tandem repeats 
E)  long repetitive sequences 
A)  simple-sequence repeats 
B)  single nucleotide polymorphisms 
C)  introns 
D)  short tandem repeats 
E)  long repetitive sequences

Question 15

Which compound is NOT needed in 454 pyrosequencing of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  dNTPs 
B)  sulfurylase 
C)  luciferase 
D)  ddNTPs 
E)  apyrase 
A)  dNTPs 
B)  sulfurylase 
C)  luciferase 
D)  ddNTPs 
E)  apyrase

Question 16

How does a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) differ from a plasmid?

Accepted Answer

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)

Question 17

Groups of single nucleotide polymorphisms that are usually inherited together from one parent are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  genotypes. 
B)  haplotypes. 
C)  phenotypes. 
D)  karyotypes. 
E)  cytotypes. 
A)  genotypes. 
B)  haplotypes. 
C)  phenotypes. 
D)  karyotypes. 
E)  cytotypes.

Question 18

Explain how each of the following is used in cloning in a plasmid: (a) antibiotic-resistance genes; (b) origin of replication; (c) polylinker region.

Accepted Answer

(a) Antibiotic-resistance genes are used

Question 19

Which statement regarding Type I and Type II restriction endonucleases is NOT accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I endonucleases cleave DNA at random sites. 
B)  Type II endonucleases recognize small (4-6 bp) palindromic sequences. 
C)  Type II endonucleases always make staggered cuts in DNA strands. 
D)  Type I endonucleases require ATP. 
E)  Type I endonucleases are generally large, multisubunit complexes. 
A)  Type I endonucleases cleave DNA at random sites. 
B)  Type II endonucleases recognize small (4-6 bp) palindromic sequences. 
C)  Type II endonucleases always make staggered cuts in DNA strands. 
D)  Type I endonucleases require ATP. 
E)  Type I endonucleases are generally large, multisubunit complexes.

Question 20

You are comparing the DNA sequences of several species with a shared evolutionary ancestry. Species 1 has a sequence of ATGCCA, species 2 has a sequence of ATACCA, species 3 has a sequence of ATACTA, species 4 has a sequence of ACACTG, and species 5 has a sequence of ATGCCA. Which species is an outgroup compared with all the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  species 1 
B)  species 2 
C)  species 3 
D)  species 4 
E)  species 5 
A)  species 1 
B)  species 2 
C)  species 3 
D)  species 4 
E)  species 5

Exam 9: DNA-Based Information Technologies

Name two different methods by which protein-protein interactions can be discovered and probed.

A restriction endonuclease that has a recognition sequence of 8 bp in length would be expected to cut dsDNA on average once in how many base pairs?

If you want to clone a gene by using E. coli and then transfer that cloned gene into yeast to express the protein the gene encodes, what type of self-replicating DNA should you use for your cloning process?

Describe the process of making a DNA microarray.

What is a significant problem with regard to making cDNA libraries to analyze overall gene function in an eukaryotic organism?

If you want to determine which proteins might be interacting in a cell, which technique would you use to examine the interaction in a living cell?

What is the essential difference between a genomic library and a cDNA library?

A(n) _____ would NOT used as a heterologous host for the expression of recombinant proteins/

As the cost of sequencing your personal human genome rapidly approaches $1,000, consider the benefits and risks of having every fetus' DNA sequenced before birth.

Conserved gene order observed in the chromosomes of two distantly related organisms provides evidence of a(n) _____ relationship between genes.

Distinguish between protein function at the molecular, cellular, and phenotypic level.

If you wanted to study the effects of inactivating a specific gene on development of a mouse, which technique or system would you use to inactivate that gene?

Which repeating sequences in the human genome are the targets of technologies used in forensic DNA analysis?

Which compound is NOT needed in 454 pyrosequencing of DNA?

How does a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) differ from a plasmid?

Groups of single nucleotide polymorphisms that are usually inherited together from one parent are called:

Explain how each of the following is used in cloning in a plasmid: (a) antibiotic-resistance genes; (b) origin of replication; (c) polylinker region.

Which statement regarding Type I and Type II restriction endonucleases is NOT accurate?

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types

Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism

Genes and Chromosomes

DNA Metabolism

RNA Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

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