Question 1

A convenient cloning vector with which to introduce foreign DNA into E. coli is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli chromosome. 
B)  messenger RNA. 
C)  plasmid. 
D)  yeast "ARS" sequence. 
E)  yeast transposable element. 
A)  E. coli chromosome. 
B)  messenger RNA. 
C)  plasmid. 
D)  yeast "ARS" sequence. 
E)  yeast transposable element.

Question 2

What sequences are required in an expression vector (for use with E. coli) that are NOT essential in a cloning plasmid?

Accepted Answer

An expression vector is a type of plasmi

Question 3

Which way is NOT a means of inserting DNA into a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation 
B)  transfection 
C)  transduction 
D)  electroporation 
E)  ligation 
A)  transformation 
B)  transfection 
C)  transduction 
D)  electroporation 
E)  ligation

Question 4

Which protein forms a complex with a guide RNA to target DNA for cleavage and destruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  RecA 
B)  Cas9 
C)  EcoRI 
D)  Gal4p 
E)  GST 
A)  RecA 
B)  Cas9 
C)  EcoRI 
D)  Gal4p 
E)  GST

Question 5

Which would you expect to be larger, the percentage of the human genome that is translated into protein or the percentage of the genome of a bacterium that is translated into protein? Why?

Accepted Answer

The percentage of the human genome that

Question 6

What is/are the distinguishing feature(s) of a shuttle vector?

Accepted Answer

A shuttle vector is a type of plasmid or

Question 7

The size of the DNA region specifically recognized by Type II restriction enzymes is typically:

Accepted Answer

A)  4 to 6 base pairs. 
B)  10 to 15 base pairs. 
C)  50 to 60 base pairs. 
D)  200 to 300 base pairs. 
E)  about the size of an average gene. 
A)  4 to 6 base pairs. 
B)  10 to 15 base pairs. 
C)  50 to 60 base pairs. 
D)  200 to 300 base pairs. 
E)  about the size of an average gene.

Question 8

Explain briefly the properties of the plasmid pBR322 that make it so convenient as a vector for cloning fragments of foreign DNA.

Accepted Answer

The plasmid pBR322 has several propertie

Question 9

If you wanted to compare the sequence of a gene you isolated in the laboratory with a database of other genetic sequences, which tool would you use?

Accepted Answer

A)  linkage analysis 
B)  BLAST 
C)  forensic DNA analysis 
D)  haplotype identification 
E)  quantitative PCR 
A)  linkage analysis 
B)  BLAST 
C)  forensic DNA analysis 
D)  haplotype identification 
E)  quantitative PCR

Question 10

During their multiple migrations from Africa to the rest of the world, gene flow likely occurred between which populations of early humanoids?

Accepted Answer

A)  between Neanderthals and modern humans 
B)  between Denisovans and modern humans 
C)  between Neanderthals and Denisovans 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  between Neanderthals and modern humans 
B)  between Denisovans and modern humans 
C)  between Neanderthals and Denisovans 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 11

Explain the importance of outgroups for understanding genomic lineages.

Accepted Answer

Outgroups are important for understandin

Question 12

Describe the difference between selectable markers and screenable markers and their use in cloning experiments.

Accepted Answer

Selectable markers and screenable marker

Question 13

In the laboratory, recombinant plasmids are commonly introduced into bacterial cells by:

Accepted Answer

A)  electrophoresis-a gentle low-voltage gradient draws the DNA into the cell. 
B)  infection with a bacteriophage that carries the plasmid. 
C)  microinjection. 
D)  mixing plasmids with an extract of broken cells. 
E)  transformation-heat shock of the cells incubated with plasmid DNA in the presence of CaCl2. 
A)  electrophoresis-a gentle low-voltage gradient draws the DNA into the cell. 
B)  infection with a bacteriophage that carries the plasmid. 
C)  microinjection. 
D)  mixing plasmids with an extract of broken cells. 
E)  transformation-heat shock of the cells incubated with plasmid DNA in the presence of CaCl2.

Question 14

Which technique is NOT used to make a cDNA library?

Accepted Answer

A)  extraction of DNA from the organism you are studying 
B)  extraction of mRNA from the organism you are studying 
C)  use of reverse transcriptase to copy RNA into DNA 
D)  ligation of DNA into a cloning vector 
E)  insertion of a cloning vector into cells 
A)  extraction of DNA from the organism you are studying 
B)  extraction of mRNA from the organism you are studying 
C)  use of reverse transcriptase to copy RNA into DNA 
D)  ligation of DNA into a cloning vector 
E)  insertion of a cloning vector into cells

Question 15

Which statement is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor. 
B)  Orangutans are an outgroup when compared with humans and chimpanzees. 
C)  Humans and chimpanzees differ over approximately 4% of their genomes. 
D)  Humans evolved from chimpanzees. 
E)  Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, while chimpanzees have 24 pairs of chromosomes. 
A)  Humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor. 
B)  Orangutans are an outgroup when compared with humans and chimpanzees. 
C)  Humans and chimpanzees differ over approximately 4% of their genomes. 
D)  Humans evolved from chimpanzees. 
E)  Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, while chimpanzees have 24 pairs of chromosomes.

Question 16

A plasmid that encodes resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline is digested with the restriction enzyme PstI, which cuts the plasmid at a single site in the ampicillin-resistance gene. The DNA is then annealed with a PstI digest of human DNA, ligated, and used to transform E. coli cells. (a) What antibiotic would you put in an agar plate to ensure that the cells of a bacterial colony contain the plasmid? (b) What antibiotic-resistance phenotypes will be found on the plate? (c) Which phenotype will indicate the presence of plasmids that contain human DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

(a) To ensure that the cells of a bacter

Question 17

Certain restriction enzymes produce cohesive (sticky) ends. This means that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  cut both DNA strands at the same base pair. 
B)  cut in regions of high GC content, leaving ends that can form more hydrogen bonds than ends of high AT content. 
C)  make a staggered double-strand cut, leaving ends with a few nucleotides of single-stranded DNA protruding. 
D)  make ends that can anneal to cohesive ends generated by any other restriction enzyme. 
E)  stick tightly to the ends of the DNA they have cut. 
A)  cut both DNA strands at the same base pair. 
B)  cut in regions of high GC content, leaving ends that can form more hydrogen bonds than ends of high AT content. 
C)  make a staggered double-strand cut, leaving ends with a few nucleotides of single-stranded DNA protruding. 
D)  make ends that can anneal to cohesive ends generated by any other restriction enzyme. 
E)  stick tightly to the ends of the DNA they have cut.

Question 18

A good expression vector for protein expression in E. coli should have which feature(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  an origin of replication 
B)  a selectable marker 
C)  a promoter, operator, and ribosome-binding site 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  an origin of replication 
B)  a selectable marker 
C)  a promoter, operator, and ribosome-binding site 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 19

For what reason is the mitochondrial genome and the Y chromosome the easiest portions of human DNA to use to trace human evolutionary lineages?

Accepted Answer

A)  All human cells have mitochondria and Y chromosomes. 
B)  Mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome do not undergo significant meiotic recombination. 
C)  The size of the mitochondrial genome and the Y chromosome is small. 
D)  Mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome exhibit very unstable haplotypes. 
E)  Mitochondrial DNA is inherited along both the male and female human evolutionary. lineages 
A)  All human cells have mitochondria and Y chromosomes. 
B)  Mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome do not undergo significant meiotic recombination. 
C)  The size of the mitochondrial genome and the Y chromosome is small. 
D)  Mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome exhibit very unstable haplotypes. 
E)  Mitochondrial DNA is inherited along both the male and female human evolutionary. lineages

Question 20

Which statement about Type II restriction enzymes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many make staggered (off-center) cuts within their recognition sequences. 
B)  Some cut DNA to generate blunt ends. 
C)  They are part of a bacterial defense system in which foreign DNA is cleaved. 
D)  They cleave and ligate DNA. 
E)  They cleave DNA only at recognition sequences specific to a given restriction enzyme. 
A)  Many make staggered (off-center) cuts within their recognition sequences. 
B)  Some cut DNA to generate blunt ends. 
C)  They are part of a bacterial defense system in which foreign DNA is cleaved. 
D)  They cleave and ligate DNA. 
E)  They cleave DNA only at recognition sequences specific to a given restriction enzyme.

Exam 9: DNA-Based Information Technologies

A convenient cloning vector with which to introduce foreign DNA into E. coli is a(n):

What sequences are required in an expression vector (for use with E. coli) that are NOT essential in a cloning plasmid?

Which way is NOT a means of inserting DNA into a cell?

Which protein forms a complex with a guide RNA to target DNA for cleavage and destruction?

Which would you expect to be larger, the percentage of the human genome that is translated into protein or the percentage of the genome of a bacterium that is translated into protein? Why?

What is/are the distinguishing feature(s) of a shuttle vector?

The size of the DNA region specifically recognized by Type II restriction enzymes is typically:

Explain briefly the properties of the plasmid pBR322 that make it so convenient as a vector for cloning fragments of foreign DNA.

If you wanted to compare the sequence of a gene you isolated in the laboratory with a database of other genetic sequences, which tool would you use?

During their multiple migrations from Africa to the rest of the world, gene flow likely occurred between which populations of early humanoids?

Explain the importance of outgroups for understanding genomic lineages.

Describe the difference between selectable markers and screenable markers and their use in cloning experiments.

In the laboratory, recombinant plasmids are commonly introduced into bacterial cells by:

Which technique is NOT used to make a cDNA library?

Which statement is NOT correct?

Certain restriction enzymes produce cohesive (sticky) ends. This means that they:

A good expression vector for protein expression in E. coli should have which feature(s)?

For what reason is the mitochondrial genome and the Y chromosome the easiest portions of human DNA to use to trace human evolutionary lineages?

Which statement about Type II restriction enzymes is FALSE?

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Bioenergetics and Biochemical Reaction Types

Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism

Genes and Chromosomes

DNA Metabolism

RNA Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

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