Question 1

Which of the following is FALSE relating to leptin?

Accepted Answer

A) Obese mice lacking leptin tend to overeat. 
B) Leptin seems to function by different mechanisms in mice and humans. 
C) Obesity in humans leads to a decrease in leptin production. 
D) Obesity leads to leptin resistance. 
E) none of the above 
A) Obese mice lacking leptin tend to overeat. 
B) Leptin seems to function by different mechanisms in mice and humans. 
C) Obesity in humans leads to a decrease in leptin production. 
D) Obesity leads to leptin resistance. 
E) none of the above

Question 2

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-Following prolonged starvation, ______ are used as fuel by the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) α-adrenergic  receptor 
B) β-adrenergic  receptor 
C) Cori cycle 
D) urea cycle 
E) leptin
F)phosphatase
G)liver
H)hormones
I)acetyl CoA
J)ketone bodies
K)urea
L)kidney
M)brain
N)pancreas 
A) α-adrenergic  receptor 
B) β-adrenergic  receptor 
C) Cori cycle 
D) urea cycle 
E) leptin
F)phosphatase
G)liver
H)hormones
I)acetyl CoA
J)ketone bodies
K)urea
L)kidney
M)brain
N)pancreas

Question 3

Activation of AMPK activity is

Accepted Answer

A) accomplished by AMP induced conformational changes facilitating phosphorylation. 
B) accomplished by ATP induced conformational change facilitating phosphorylation. 
C) inhibited by high levels of AMP due to conformational changes burying the phosphorylation site. 
D) increased by high levels of ATP due to conformational changes burying the phosphorylation site. 
E) none of the above 
A) accomplished by AMP induced conformational changes facilitating phosphorylation. 
B) accomplished by ATP induced conformational change facilitating phosphorylation. 
C) inhibited by high levels of AMP due to conformational changes burying the phosphorylation site. 
D) increased by high levels of ATP due to conformational changes burying the phosphorylation site. 
E) none of the above

Question 4

Glucose is the preferred fuel of muscles because

Accepted Answer

A) it can be metabolized under anaerobic conditions. 
B) it can be generated from ketone bodies even during starvation. 
C) the heart muscle uses glucose exclusively as a fuel. 
D) it is the most efficient energy storage available. 
E) all of the above 
A) it can be metabolized under anaerobic conditions. 
B) it can be generated from ketone bodies even during starvation. 
C) the heart muscle uses glucose exclusively as a fuel. 
D) it is the most efficient energy storage available. 
E) all of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pancreatic $\beta$cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Insulin is secreted by the $\beta$ cells in response to the increase in $\beta$ cell glucose receptor binding. 
B) Glucagon is secreted by the $\beta$ cells in response to the increase in $\beta$ cell glucose receptor binding. 
C) Insulin is secreted by the $\beta$ cells in response to high glucose levels. 
D) Insulin is secreted by the $\beta$cells in response to low glucose levels. 
E) Glucagon is secreted by the $\beta$cells in response to high glucose levels. 
A) Insulin is secreted by the $\beta$ cells in response to the increase in $\beta$ cell glucose receptor binding. 
B) Glucagon is secreted by the $\beta$ cells in response to the increase in $\beta$ cell glucose receptor binding. 
C) Insulin is secreted by the $\beta$ cells in response to high glucose levels. 
D) Insulin is secreted by the $\beta$cells in response to low glucose levels. 
E) Glucagon is secreted by the $\beta$cells in response to high glucose levels.

Question 6

Which of the following mechanisms for ATP regeneration are listed in order utilized?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis, phosphocreatine, oxidative phosphorylation 
B) phosphocreatine, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation 
C) phosphocreatine, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, 
D) phosphocreatine, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis 
E) none of the above 
A) glycolysis, phosphocreatine, oxidative phosphorylation 
B) phosphocreatine, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation 
C) phosphocreatine, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, 
D) phosphocreatine, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis 
E) none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following are effects of insulin secretion?
I.Muscle and adipose tissue are stimulated to take up glucose.
II.Glycogen synthesis increases in the liver.
III.Gluconeogenesis is inhibited in the liver and kidney.
IV.Lipolysis increases in the adipose tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) I, II 
B) I 
C) I, II, III 
D) I, III 
E) II, IV 
A) I, II 
B) I 
C) I, II, III 
D) I, III 
E) II, IV

Question 8

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-______ is the degradation product of glucose, fatty acids, and ketogenic amino acids.

Accepted Answer

A) α-adrenergic  receptor 
B) β-adrenergic  receptor 
C) Cori cycle 
D) urea cycle 
E) leptin
F)phosphatase
G)liver
H)hormones
I)acetyl CoA
J)ketone bodies
K)urea
L)kidney
M)brain
N)pancreas 
A) α-adrenergic  receptor 
B) β-adrenergic  receptor 
C) Cori cycle 
D) urea cycle 
E) leptin
F)phosphatase
G)liver
H)hormones
I)acetyl CoA
J)ketone bodies
K)urea
L)kidney
M)brain
N)pancreas

Question 9

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the blood glucose level of non-insulin dependent diabetics tend to compare to that of normal individuals?

Accepted Answer

A) Blood glucose levels of diabetics tend to be very stable, but at a higher level. 
B) Blood glucose levels of diabetics tend to be variable and higher. 
C) Blood glucose levels decrease more rapidly following a meal, often dropping lower than is tolerable. 
D) Blood glucose levels average the same level in diabetics, but reach higher peaks for short periods. 
E) none of the above 
A) Blood glucose levels of diabetics tend to be very stable, but at a higher level. 
B) Blood glucose levels of diabetics tend to be variable and higher. 
C) Blood glucose levels decrease more rapidly following a meal, often dropping lower than is tolerable. 
D) Blood glucose levels average the same level in diabetics, but reach higher peaks for short periods. 
E) none of the above

Question 10

Type 2 diabetes
I.can develop due to a mutation in the insulin receptor
II.can develop in individuals with insulin resistance.
III.results in hypersensitivity to insulin release.
IV.are treated with drugs that decrease AMPK activity.

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, IV 
B) I, II 
C) II, IV 
D) III, IV 
E) I, IV 
A) I, II, IV 
B) I, II 
C) II, IV 
D) III, IV 
E) I, IV

Which of the following is FALSE relating to leptin?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -Following prolonged starvation, ______ are used as fuel by the brain.

Activation of AMPK activity is

Glucose is the preferred fuel of muscles because

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pancreatic $\beta$ cells?

Which of the following mechanisms for ATP regeneration are listed in order utilized?

Which of the following are effects of insulin secretion? I.Muscle and adipose tissue are stimulated to take up glucose. II.Glycogen synthesis increases in the liver. III.Gluconeogenesis is inhibited in the liver and kidney. IV.Lipolysis increases in the adipose tissue.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -______ is the degradation product of glucose, fatty acids, and ketogenic amino acids.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the blood glucose level of non-insulin dependent diabetics tend to compare to that of normal individuals?

Type 2 diabetes I.can develop due to a mutation in the insulin receptor II.can develop in individuals with insulin resistance. III.results in hypersensitivity to insulin release. IV.are treated with drugs that decrease AMPK activity.

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Glucose Catabolism

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

Dna Replication, Repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Translation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Exam 22: Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Which of the following is FALSE relating to leptin?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -Following prolonged starvation, ______ are used as fuel by the brain.

Activation of AMPK activity is

Glucose is the preferred fuel of muscles because

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pancreatic β\betaβ cells?

Which of the following mechanisms for ATP regeneration are listed in order utilized?

Which of the following are effects of insulin secretion? I.Muscle and adipose tissue are stimulated to take up glucose. II.Glycogen synthesis increases in the liver. III.Gluconeogenesis is inhibited in the liver and kidney. IV.Lipolysis increases in the adipose tissue.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -______ is the degradation product of glucose, fatty acids, and ketogenic amino acids.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the blood glucose level of non-insulin dependent diabetics tend to compare to that of normal individuals?

Type 2 diabetes I.can develop due to a mutation in the insulin receptor II.can develop in individuals with insulin resistance. III.results in hypersensitivity to insulin release. IV.are treated with drugs that decrease AMPK activity.

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Glucose Catabolism

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

Dna Replication, Repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Translation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pancreatic $\beta$ cells?