Question 1

Phylogeny is

Accepted Answer

A) the science of biological classification based on gross morphology. 
B) the science of biological classification based on the evolutionary relationships between organisms. 
C) the science of biological classification based on reproductive strategies. 
D) the branch of science that studies phyllopods. 
E) none of the above 
A) the science of biological classification based on gross morphology. 
B) the science of biological classification based on the evolutionary relationships between organisms. 
C) the science of biological classification based on reproductive strategies. 
D) the branch of science that studies phyllopods. 
E) none of the above B

Question 2

An increase in disorder in the system

Accepted Answer

A) is required for a process to be spontaneous. 
B) results in a decrease in entropy. 
C) is characteristic of a system increasing in enthalpy. 
D) results in the factor T$\Delta$S being positive . 
E) is found in every exergonic process. 
A) is required for a process to be spontaneous. 
B) results in a decrease in entropy. 
C) is characteristic of a system increasing in enthalpy. 
D) results in the factor T$\Delta$S being positive . 
E) is found in every exergonic process. D

Question 3

Explain in one or two sentences why scientists believe that all living organisms are related (that they have all evolved from a common ancestor)?

Accepted Answer

Biochemically, all living organisms are very similar.

Question 4

Calculate the $\Delta$G for a reaction with $\Delta$H = 20.kJ/mol and $\Delta$S =20.J/K•mol, that is carried out at 27°C.

Accepted Answer

A) 14 J/mol 
B) 140 J/mol 
C) 1400 J/mol 
D) 14,000 J/mol 
E) none of the above 
A) 14 J/mol 
B) 140 J/mol 
C) 1400 J/mol 
D) 14,000 J/mol 
E) none of the above

Question 5

Taxonomy is

Accepted Answer

A) the science of biological classification based on gross morphology. 
B) the science of biological classification based on the evolutionary relationships between organisms. 
C) the science of biological classification based on reproductive strategies. 
D) the branch of science that studies taxidermy. 
E) none of the above 
A) the science of biological classification based on gross morphology. 
B) the science of biological classification based on the evolutionary relationships between organisms. 
C) the science of biological classification based on reproductive strategies. 
D) the branch of science that studies taxidermy. 
E) none of the above

Question 6

The term molecular weight is a term used by biochemists that refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the density of a particle. 
B) a dimensionless quantity that is defined as the ratio of the mass of the particle to 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom. 
C) Daltons divided by the mass of a hydrogen atom. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) the density of a particle. 
B) a dimensionless quantity that is defined as the ratio of the mass of the particle to 1/12 the mass of a 12C atom. 
C) Daltons divided by the mass of a hydrogen atom. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following developed during the evolution of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) the cell membrane 
C) nuclear membranes 
D) ribosomes 
E) proteins 
A) DNA 
B) the cell membrane 
C) nuclear membranes 
D) ribosomes 
E) proteins

Question 8

Which of the statements about viruses is not true?

Accepted Answer

A) Viruses are much simpler than cells. 
B) Viruses are the simplest living organisms. 
C) Viruses lack the necessary metabolic apparatus to reproduce. 
D) Viruses are dependent on host cells. 
E) All the statements are true. 
A) Viruses are much simpler than cells. 
B) Viruses are the simplest living organisms. 
C) Viruses lack the necessary metabolic apparatus to reproduce. 
D) Viruses are dependent on host cells. 
E) All the statements are true.

Question 9

Matching
-The organisms most likely to be found in high temperature environments would be ______.

Accepted Answer

A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive 
A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive

Question 10

The second law of thermodynamics states:

Accepted Answer

A) that spontaneous processes are characterized by the overall conversion of order to disorder. 
B) that spontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion of work to force. 
C) that nonspontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion of order to disorder. 
D) that spontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion heat to pressure. 
E) none of the above 
A) that spontaneous processes are characterized by the overall conversion of order to disorder. 
B) that spontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion of work to force. 
C) that nonspontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion of order to disorder. 
D) that spontaneous processes are characterized by the conversion heat to pressure. 
E) none of the above

Question 11

Enzymes accelerate biochemical reactions by

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing the $\Delta$G for the reactions. 
B) increasing the $\Delta$G for the reactions. 
C) establishing a 'closed system' for each reaction. 
D) promoting reaction pathways associated with a positive $\Delta$G. 
E) providing a more favorable pathway for the reactions. 
A) decreasing the $\Delta$G for the reactions. 
B) increasing the $\Delta$G for the reactions. 
C) establishing a 'closed system' for each reaction. 
D) promoting reaction pathways associated with a positive $\Delta$G. 
E) providing a more favorable pathway for the reactions.

Question 12

Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotes is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Prokaryotes are made up of two major groupings: the eubacteria and the archaea, which are as different from each other as from the eukaryotes. 
B) Prokaryotes are generally much smaller than the eukaryotic cells. 
C) Prokaryotes are one branch of the newer, more accurate phylogenic tree made up of prokarya, archaea and eukarya. 
D) Prokaryotes do not have organelles. 
E) None of the above is false. 
A) Prokaryotes are made up of two major groupings: the eubacteria and the archaea, which are as different from each other as from the eukaryotes. 
B) Prokaryotes are generally much smaller than the eukaryotic cells. 
C) Prokaryotes are one branch of the newer, more accurate phylogenic tree made up of prokarya, archaea and eukarya. 
D) Prokaryotes do not have organelles. 
E) None of the above is false.

Question 13

consider the structure of the coenzyme NADP  
-Which arrow points at a phosphate ester bond?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 14

consider the structure of the coenzyme NADP  
-Which arrow points at an amide bond?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 15

Phosphoglucomutase catalyses the reaction in which a phosphate group is transferred from the 1 carbon of glucose to the 6 carbon of glucose (G1P $\rightleftarrows$ G6P).A student at SDSU incubates a 0.2 M solution of glucose-1-phosphate overnight with a small amount of the enzyme.At equilibrium the concentration of glucose 1-phosphate is 9.0 × 10−3 M and the concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is 19.1 × 10−2 M.
Calculate the equilibrium constant (Keq)and the standard state free energy (∆G°')for this reaction at 25°C.

Accepted Answer

The equilibrium constant K_eq

Question 16

What are the four most abundant elements in a human body?

Accepted Answer

A) C, N, O, H 
B) C, N, O, P 
C) C, S, O, H 
D) C, Na, O, H 
E) none of the above 
A) C, N, O, H 
B) C, N, O, P 
C) C, S, O, H 
D) C, Na, O, H 
E) none of the above

Question 17

Matching
-Living creatures can be described thermodynamically as ______ systems.

Accepted Answer

A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive 
A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive

Question 18

Consider a reaction in which $\Delta$H = -20.kJ/mol and $\Delta$S = 10.J/mol · K.
a.Calculate the $\Delta$G for this reaction at 25°C.
b.Is the reaction spontaneous (explain your answer)?

Accepted Answer

a.@#LAT-DLM&G = @#LAT-DLM&H − T@#LAT-DLM&S @#LAT-DLM& @#LAT-DLM&G = -20,000 J/mo

Question 19

The bulk of aerobic metabolism in eukaryotic cells takes place in

Accepted Answer

A) the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B) the nucleus. 
C) the mitochondria. 
D) peroxisomes. 
E) the Golgi apparatus. 
A) the endoplasmic reticulum. 
B) the nucleus. 
C) the mitochondria. 
D) peroxisomes. 
E) the Golgi apparatus.

Question 20

Matching
-The symbol for free energy under standard biochemical conditions is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive 
A) phylogenetic 
B) negative 
C) H₂O 
D) ΔH° 
E) H – TS
F)halobacteria
G)open
H)entropy
I)flux
J)polymers
K)ΔG°'
L)thermophiles
M)nitrogen
N)positive

Exam 1: Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Phylogeny is

An increase in disorder in the system

Explain in one or two sentences why scientists believe that all living organisms are related (that they have all evolved from a common ancestor)?

Calculate the Δ\DeltaΔ G for a reaction with Δ\DeltaΔ H = 20.kJ/mol and Δ\DeltaΔ S =20.J/K•mol, that is carried out at 27°C.

Taxonomy is

The term molecular weight is a term used by biochemists that refers to

Which of the following developed during the evolution of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Which of the statements about viruses is not true?

Matching -The organisms most likely to be found in high temperature environments would be ______.

The second law of thermodynamics states:

Enzymes accelerate biochemical reactions by

Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotes is false?

consider the structure of the coenzyme NADP -Which arrow points at a phosphate ester bond?

consider the structure of the coenzyme NADP -Which arrow points at an amide bond?

What are the four most abundant elements in a human body?

Matching -Living creatures can be described thermodynamically as ______ systems.

Consider a reaction in which Δ\DeltaΔ H = -20.kJ/mol and Δ\DeltaΔ S = 10.J/mol · K. a.Calculate the Δ\DeltaΔ G for this reaction at 25°C. b.Is the reaction spontaneous (explain your answer)?

The bulk of aerobic metabolism in eukaryotic cells takes place in

Matching -The symbol for free energy under standard biochemical conditions is ______.

Water

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Glucose Catabolism

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

Dna Replication, Repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Translation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Calculate the $\Delta$ G for a reaction with $\Delta$ H = 20.kJ/mol and $\Delta$ S =20.J/K•mol, that is carried out at 27°C.

Consider a reaction in which $\Delta$ H = -20.kJ/mol and $\Delta$ S = 10.J/mol · K. a.Calculate the $\Delta$ G for this reaction at 25°C. b.Is the reaction spontaneous (explain your answer)?