Question 1

Cholesterol is a precursor to
I.prostaglandins
II.vitamin K
III.steroid hormones such as androgens
IV.bile acids

Accepted Answer

A) I, III, IV 
B) I, II, III, IV 
C) III only 
D) IV only 
E) III, IV 
A) I, III, IV 
B) I, II, III, IV 
C) III only 
D) IV only 
E) III, IV E

Question 2

What is the net production of ATP from complete catabolism of the following fatty acid to CO2 and H2O?

Accepted Answer

A) < 50 
B) 51 - 90 [70] 
C) 91 - 120 
D) 121 - 150 
E) 151 + 
A) < 50 
B) 51 - 90 [70] 
C) 91 - 120 
D) 121 - 150 
E) 151 + B

Question 3

Knoop's experiments with fatty acids

Accepted Answer

A) involved the novel use of chemical labels to elucidate metabolic mechanisms. 
B) demonstrated that fatty acids are broken down by two carbons at a time by oxidation at the ω carbon. 
C) demonstrated a distinct difference in the mechanism of odd chain versus.even chain fatty acid oxidation. 
D) A and B 
E) A, B, and C 
A) involved the novel use of chemical labels to elucidate metabolic mechanisms. 
B) demonstrated that fatty acids are broken down by two carbons at a time by oxidation at the ω carbon. 
C) demonstrated a distinct difference in the mechanism of odd chain versus.even chain fatty acid oxidation. 
D) A and B 
E) A, B, and C A

Question 4

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-Cells take up ____ by receptor mediated endocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol 
A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol

Question 5

Which of the following statements about peroxisomes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) ($\beta$ oxidation in peroxisomes can shorten very long fatty acids.) 
B) Mammalian peroxisomes can synthesize some lipids, including bile salts. 
C) In plants, peroxisomes and glyoxysomes serve as the site of $\beta$ oxidation. 
D) Long chain fatty acids are transported into the peroxisome via a carnitine carrier protein where they are activated for oxidation. 
E) ($\beta$oxidation in peroxisomes varies slightly from the mitochondrial process.) 
A) ($\beta$ oxidation in peroxisomes can shorten very long fatty acids.) 
B) Mammalian peroxisomes can synthesize some lipids, including bile salts. 
C) In plants, peroxisomes and glyoxysomes serve as the site of $\beta$ oxidation. 
D) Long chain fatty acids are transported into the peroxisome via a carnitine carrier protein where they are activated for oxidation. 
E) ($\beta$oxidation in peroxisomes varies slightly from the mitochondrial process.)

Question 6

Which enzyme catalyses the key regulatory step of cholesterol synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) ($\beta$-ketothiolase) 
B) HMG-CoA synthase 
C) HMG-CoA reductase 
D) mevalonate-5-phosphotransferase 
E) phenyltransferase 
A) ($\beta$-ketothiolase) 
B) HMG-CoA synthase 
C) HMG-CoA reductase 
D) mevalonate-5-phosphotransferase 
E) phenyltransferase

Question 7

Triacylglycerols are synthesized by ____ during times of starvation via a process known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate; ketosis 
B) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate; glyceroneogenesis 
C) acetyl CoA; ketosis 
D) acetyl CoA; glyceroneogenesis 
E) ketone bodies; ketosis 
A) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate; ketosis 
B) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate; glyceroneogenesis 
C) acetyl CoA; ketosis 
D) acetyl CoA; glyceroneogenesis 
E) ketone bodies; ketosis

Question 8

The activity of lipases is controlled in part by a process known as ____ which functions effectively due to the ____ where lipases are active.

Accepted Answer

A) interfacial activation; lipid-water interface 
B) lipase activation; lipid-water interface 
C) lipase activation; bile salt-water interface 
D) micelle activation; water-salt interface 
E) none of the above 
A) interfacial activation; lipid-water interface 
B) lipase activation; lipid-water interface 
C) lipase activation; bile salt-water interface 
D) micelle activation; water-salt interface 
E) none of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cholesterol synthesis? (Note: not all events in the sequence are included)

Accepted Answer

A) HMG-CoA > isopentyl pyrophosphate > farnesyl pyrophosphate > geranyl pyrophosphate 
B) isopentyl pyrophosphate > squalene > oxidosqualene > geranyl pyrophosphate 
C) dimethylallyl pyrophosphate > geranyl pyrophosphate > farnesyl pyrophosphate > squalene 
D) HMG -CoA > phosphomevalonate > squalene > farnesyl pyrophosphate 
E) mevalonate > dimethylallyl pyrophosphate > farnesyl pyrophosphate > gernayl pyrophosphate 
A) HMG-CoA > isopentyl pyrophosphate > farnesyl pyrophosphate > geranyl pyrophosphate 
B) isopentyl pyrophosphate > squalene > oxidosqualene > geranyl pyrophosphate 
C) dimethylallyl pyrophosphate > geranyl pyrophosphate > farnesyl pyrophosphate > squalene 
D) HMG -CoA > phosphomevalonate > squalene > farnesyl pyrophosphate 
E) mevalonate > dimethylallyl pyrophosphate > farnesyl pyrophosphate > gernayl pyrophosphate

Question 10

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-The glycerol backbone of triacylglycerols is catabolized to ________ .

Accepted Answer

A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol 
A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol

Question 11

Considering the figure below, what compound would be formed by action of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)    
C)   
D)   
E)   
A)   
B)    
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 12

Which of the following compounds are required to make sphingosine?
I.palmitoyl-CoA
II.serine
III.acetyl-CoA
IV.isoprene
V.arachidonic acid

Accepted Answer

A) I, II 
B) I, III 
C) II, IV 
D) IV, V 
E) II, V 
A) I, II 
B) I, III 
C) II, IV 
D) IV, V 
E) II, V

Question 13

Which of the following is the source of the two carbon fragments in fatty acids biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) acetyl CoA 
B) malonyl CoA 
C) palmitic acid 
D) propionyl CoA 
E) ceramides 
A) acetyl CoA 
B) malonyl CoA 
C) palmitic acid 
D) propionyl CoA 
E) ceramides

Question 14

Sphinganine is an intermediate in the synthesis of which of the following?
I.ceramides
II.spingomyelins
III.cerebrosides
IV.prostaglandins

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I, II 
C) I, II, III 
D) II, III 
E) I, II, IV 
A) I only 
B) I, II 
C) I, II, III 
D) II, III 
E) I, II, IV

Question 15

Two phosphatidylglycerol molecules condense to form the molecule ______, and glycerol is eliminated as the side product.

Accepted Answer

A) phosphatidic acid 
B) cardiolipin 
C) plasmalogen 
D) sphingomyelin 
E) squalene 
A) phosphatidic acid 
B) cardiolipin 
C) plasmalogen 
D) sphingomyelin 
E) squalene

Question 16

Which of the following enzymes is NOT involved in the tricarboxylate transport system?

Accepted Answer

A) citrate synthase 
B) ATP citrate lyase 
C) malate dehydrogenase 
D) malic enzyme 
E) All are involved in the transport of acetyl-CoA into the cytosol 
A) citrate synthase 
B) ATP citrate lyase 
C) malate dehydrogenase 
D) malic enzyme 
E) All are involved in the transport of acetyl-CoA into the cytosol

Question 17

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-The molecules acetoacetate, acetone, and d-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate are metabolic fuels termed ________.

Accepted Answer

A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol 
A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol

Question 18

Which of the following is FALSE regarding HMG-CoA reductase?

Accepted Answer

A) HMG-CoA reductase is highly regulated. 
B) The active site is tightly bound by statins. 
C) HMG-CoA reductase levels are increased as a result of high cholesterol concentrations in the ER 
D) HMG-CoA reductase levels are decreased as a result of high cholesterol concentrations in the ER. 
E) HMG-CoA reductase is levels are decreased by the same factor that down regulated production of the LDL receptors 
A) HMG-CoA reductase is highly regulated. 
B) The active site is tightly bound by statins. 
C) HMG-CoA reductase levels are increased as a result of high cholesterol concentrations in the ER 
D) HMG-CoA reductase levels are decreased as a result of high cholesterol concentrations in the ER. 
E) HMG-CoA reductase is levels are decreased by the same factor that down regulated production of the LDL receptors

Question 19

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-Fatty acid synthesis requires both acetyl-CoA and ________ as initiator molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol 
A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol

Question 20

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-The $\beta$ oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids results in ________ as a final product.

Accepted Answer

A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol 
A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol

Exam 20: Lipid Metabolism

Cholesterol is a precursor to I.prostaglandins II.vitamin K III.steroid hormones such as androgens IV.bile acids

What is the net production of ATP from complete catabolism of the following fatty acid to CO2 and H2O?

Knoop's experiments with fatty acids

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -Cells take up ____ by receptor mediated endocytosis.

Which of the following statements about peroxisomes is FALSE?

Which enzyme catalyses the key regulatory step of cholesterol synthesis?

Triacylglycerols are synthesized by ____ during times of starvation via a process known as ____.

The activity of lipases is controlled in part by a process known as ____ which functions effectively due to the ____ where lipases are active.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cholesterol synthesis? (Note: not all events in the sequence are included)

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -The glycerol backbone of triacylglycerols is catabolized to ________ .

Considering the figure below, what compound would be formed by action of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase?

Which of the following compounds are required to make sphingosine? I.palmitoyl-CoA II.serine III.acetyl-CoA IV.isoprene V.arachidonic acid

Which of the following is the source of the two carbon fragments in fatty acids biosynthesis?

Sphinganine is an intermediate in the synthesis of which of the following? I.ceramides II.spingomyelins III.cerebrosides IV.prostaglandins

Two phosphatidylglycerol molecules condense to form the molecule ______, and glycerol is eliminated as the side product.

Which of the following enzymes is NOT involved in the tricarboxylate transport system?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -The molecules acetoacetate, acetone, and d- β\betaβ -hydroxybutyrate are metabolic fuels termed ________.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding HMG-CoA reductase?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -Fatty acid synthesis requires both acetyl-CoA and ________ as initiator molecules.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -The β\betaβ oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids results in ________ as a final product.

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Glucose Catabolism

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

Dna Replication, Repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Translation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

What is the net production of ATP from complete catabolism of the following fatty acid to CO₂ and H₂O?

Triacylglycerols are synthesized by during times of starvation via a process known as .

The activity of lipases is controlled in part by a process known as which functions effectively due to the where lipases are active.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -The molecules acetoacetate, acetone, and d- $\beta$ -hydroxybutyrate are metabolic fuels termed ________.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -The $\beta$ oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids results in ________ as a final product.