Question 1

Polypeptide synthesis

Accepted Answer

A) proceeds from the C-terminus to the N-terminus. 
B) proceeds from the N-terminus to the C-terminus. 
C) proceeds in both directions simultaneously. 
D) proceeds in either direction once initiated. 
E) proceeds randomly. 
A) proceeds from the C-terminus to the N-terminus. 
B) proceeds from the N-terminus to the C-terminus. 
C) proceeds in both directions simultaneously. 
D) proceeds in either direction once initiated. 
E) proceeds randomly. B

Question 2

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-Almost all known tRNAs can be arranged in the so-called ______ secondary structure.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG 
B) sense 
C) release factors 
D) noninitiator 
E) hairpin
F)preproteins
G)genetic code
H)penicillin
I)proproteins
J)proofreading
K)UUA
L)synonyms
M)nucleotide cypher
N)streptomycin
O)nonsense
P)revising
Q)cloverleaf 
A) AUG 
B) sense 
C) release factors 
D) noninitiator 
E) hairpin
F)preproteins
G)genetic code
H)penicillin
I)proproteins
J)proofreading
K)UUA
L)synonyms
M)nucleotide cypher
N)streptomycin
O)nonsense
P)revising
Q)cloverleaf Q

Question 3

During translation, translocation of the ribosome is driven by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP → ADP + Pi 
B) ATP → AMP + PPi 
C) GTP → GDP + Pi 
D) GTP → GMP + PPi 
E) Release of the tRNA in the P site 
A) ATP → ADP + Pi 
B) ATP → AMP + PPi 
C) GTP → GDP + Pi 
D) GTP → GMP + PPi 
E) Release of the tRNA in the P site C

Question 4

Posttranslational modifications to proteins include all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A) glycosylation. 
B) phosphorylation. 
C) amino acid derivatization. 
D) peptide joining. 
E) proteolysis. 
A) glycosylation. 
B) phosphorylation. 
C) amino acid derivatization. 
D) peptide joining. 
E) proteolysis.

Question 5

A mutation in the DNA sequence prior to (on the 5ꞌside of)the ATG start site will result in which of the following?
I.decreased binding efficiency of the TATA binding protein
II.decreased promoter efficiency
III.frameshift mutation

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) I, II 
E) I, II, III 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) I, II 
E) I, II, III

Question 6

The thermodynamic requirement for proofreading is met by

Accepted Answer

A) aminoacyl-tRNA binding to the ribosomal A site. 
B) hydrolysis of GTP by EF-Tu 
C) transpeptidation mediated by IF-2. 
D) transpeptidation mediated by RF-3 
E) none of the above. 
A) aminoacyl-tRNA binding to the ribosomal A site. 
B) hydrolysis of GTP by EF-Tu 
C) transpeptidation mediated by IF-2. 
D) transpeptidation mediated by RF-3 
E) none of the above.

Question 7

Which of the following is(are)used to assist in protein folding?
I.calnexin
II.calreticulin
III.DnaK
IV.GroEL

Accepted Answer

A) I, II 
B) III, IV 
C) II, IV 
D) I, III 
E) I, II, III, IV 
A) I, II 
B) III, IV 
C) II, IV 
D) I, III 
E) I, II, III, IV

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the ribosome?
I.bind mRNA and allow codon recognition
II.mediate the binding of proteins necessary for initiation, elongation, and termination
III.catalyze synthesis of peptide bonds
IV.translocates such that multiple codons can be read

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I, II 
C) I, IV 
D) II only 
E) I, II, III, IV 
A) I only 
B) I, II 
C) I, IV 
D) II only 
E) I, II, III, IV

Question 9

Codons that do not specify amino acids but signal the ribosome to terminate polypeptide chain elongation are termed

Accepted Answer

A) frameshifts. 
B) anticodon. 
C) Stop codons. 
D) suppressors. 
E) terminators. 
A) frameshifts. 
B) anticodon. 
C) Stop codons. 
D) suppressors. 
E) terminators.

Question 10

In E.coli, which of the following factors function to ensure the proper binding of tRNAfMet during mRNA binding and ribosomal subunit assembly?
I.IF-1
II.IF-2
III.IF-3
IV.EF-Ts

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I, II 
C) I, III 
D) II, IV 
E) I, II, III 
A) I only 
B) I, II 
C) I, III 
D) II, IV 
E) I, II, III

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT associated with eukaryotic translation initiation?

Accepted Answer

A) Shine-Dalgarno sequence 
B) a formylated Met−tRNAfmet 
C) base pairing between the mRNA and 16S rRNA 
D) initiation factors IF-1, IF-2, and IF-3 
E) all of the above 
A) Shine-Dalgarno sequence 
B) a formylated Met−tRNAfmet 
C) base pairing between the mRNA and 16S rRNA 
D) initiation factors IF-1, IF-2, and IF-3 
E) all of the above

Question 12

Based on the structure shown below, which of the following correctly represents the sequence that would be present at the "XYZ" position?

Accepted Answer

A) UGG 
B) TGG 
C) ACC 
D) Cannot be determined from the given data. 
E) None of the above is the correct sequence. 
A) UGG 
B) TGG 
C) ACC 
D) Cannot be determined from the given data. 
E) None of the above is the correct sequence.

Question 13

A silent mutation occurs when a nucleotide mutation results in the identical amino acid in place upon completion of translation.If the original sequence is as follows, which example below represents a silent mutation? 
GUACAAGCAUGAAGUUUGGUAAGCG

Accepted Answer

A) GUGCAAGCAUGAAGUUUGGUAAGCG 
B) GUACAAGCAUGAAAUUUGGUAAGCG 
C) GUACAAGCAUGAAGUUGGGUAAGCG 
D) GUACAGGCAUGAAGUUUGGUAAGCG 
E) GUACAAGCAUGAAGUUUGGUAACCG 
A) GUGCAAGCAUGAAGUUUGGUAAGCG 
B) GUACAAGCAUGAAAUUUGGUAAGCG 
C) GUACAAGCAUGAAGUUGGGUAAGCG 
D) GUACAGGCAUGAAGUUUGGUAAGCG 
E) GUACAAGCAUGAAGUUUGGUAACCG

Question 14

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-The start codon is usually ______.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG 
B) sense 
C) release factors 
D) noninitiator 
E) hairpin
F)preproteins
G)genetic code
H)penicillin
I)proproteins
J)proofreading
K)UUA
L)synonyms
M)nucleotide cypher
N)streptomycin
O)nonsense
P)revising
Q)cloverleaf 
A) AUG 
B) sense 
C) release factors 
D) noninitiator 
E) hairpin
F)preproteins
G)genetic code
H)penicillin
I)proproteins
J)proofreading
K)UUA
L)synonyms
M)nucleotide cypher
N)streptomycin
O)nonsense
P)revising
Q)cloverleaf

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a feature of tRNA structure?

Accepted Answer

A) acceptor or amino acid stem 
B) D arm 
C) anticodon loop 
D) 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 terminal phosphate arm 
E) variable arm 
A) acceptor or amino acid stem 
B) D arm 
C) anticodon loop 
D) 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 terminal phosphate arm 
E) variable arm

Question 16

The steps required for peptide elongation at the ribosome are, respectively,

Accepted Answer

A) initiation, elongation and termination. 
B) decoding, transpeptidation, and translocation. 
C) initiation, elongation, and release. 
D) aa-tRNA binding, GTP-peptidation, and translocation. 
E) none of the above 
A) initiation, elongation and termination. 
B) decoding, transpeptidation, and translocation. 
C) initiation, elongation, and release. 
D) aa-tRNA binding, GTP-peptidation, and translocation. 
E) none of the above

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the preparation of fMet-tRNAfmet for translation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) Met is first formylated, then added to a tRNA specific for the start codon that differs from that designed to carry Met. 
B) Met is first added to a tRNA specific for the start codon that differs from that designed to carry Met, then is formylated. 
C) Met is first formylated, then added to a "regular" tRNA; the fact that it has the formyl group allows use in the initiation codon. 
D) Met is first added to a "regular" tRNA, then is formylated; the fact that it has the formyl group allows use in the initiation codon. 
E) f-Met isn't used in prokaryotes, only in eukaryotes. 
A) Met is first formylated, then added to a tRNA specific for the start codon that differs from that designed to carry Met. 
B) Met is first added to a tRNA specific for the start codon that differs from that designed to carry Met, then is formylated. 
C) Met is first formylated, then added to a "regular" tRNA; the fact that it has the formyl group allows use in the initiation codon. 
D) Met is first added to a "regular" tRNA, then is formylated; the fact that it has the formyl group allows use in the initiation codon. 
E) f-Met isn't used in prokaryotes, only in eukaryotes.

Question 18

The triplet code allows many amino acids to be specified by more than one codon.Such a code is said to be

Accepted Answer

A) replicative. 
B) synonymous. 
C) duplicative. 
D) universal. 
E) degenerate. 
A) replicative. 
B) synonymous. 
C) duplicative. 
D) universal. 
E) degenerate.

Question 19

Insertions or deletions of one or two nucleotides can cause

Accepted Answer

A) frameshift mutations. 
B) degenerate mutations. 
C) synonymous mutations. 
D) wobble codons. 
E) transpeptidation. 
A) frameshift mutations. 
B) degenerate mutations. 
C) synonymous mutations. 
D) wobble codons. 
E) transpeptidation.

Question 20

Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of events in formation of the ribosome assembly and associated RNAs and proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) small ribosome subunit associates with large subunit; mRNA associates next; IF with bound NTP brings in first f-Met-tRNA; IF then hydrolyses bound NTP. 
B) IF with bound NTP binds f-Met-tRNA; small ribosome subunit associates next; mRNA associates next; then large subunit; IF then hydrolyses bound NTP. 
C) small subunit associates with mRNA; IF w/ bound NTP brings in first f-Met-tRNA; IF then hydrolyses bound NTP; large subunit associates 
D) large subunit associates with mRNA; IF w/ bound NTP brings in first f-Met-tRNA; small subunit associates; IF then hydrolyses bound NTP. 
E) none of the above 
A) small ribosome subunit associates with large subunit; mRNA associates next; IF with bound NTP brings in first f-Met-tRNA; IF then hydrolyses bound NTP. 
B) IF with bound NTP binds f-Met-tRNA; small ribosome subunit associates next; mRNA associates next; then large subunit; IF then hydrolyses bound NTP. 
C) small subunit associates with mRNA; IF w/ bound NTP brings in first f-Met-tRNA; IF then hydrolyses bound NTP; large subunit associates 
D) large subunit associates with mRNA; IF w/ bound NTP brings in first f-Met-tRNA; small subunit associates; IF then hydrolyses bound NTP. 
E) none of the above

Exam 27: Translation

Polypeptide synthesis

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -Almost all known tRNAs can be arranged in the so-called ______ secondary structure.

During translation, translocation of the ribosome is driven by which of the following?

Posttranslational modifications to proteins include all of the following, except

A mutation in the DNA sequence prior to (on the 5ꞌside of)the ATG start site will result in which of the following? I.decreased binding efficiency of the TATA binding protein II.decreased promoter efficiency III.frameshift mutation

The thermodynamic requirement for proofreading is met by

Which of the following is(are)used to assist in protein folding? I.calnexin II.calreticulin III.DnaK IV.GroEL

Which of the following is a function of the ribosome? I.bind mRNA and allow codon recognition II.mediate the binding of proteins necessary for initiation, elongation, and termination III.catalyze synthesis of peptide bonds IV.translocates such that multiple codons can be read

Codons that do not specify amino acids but signal the ribosome to terminate polypeptide chain elongation are termed

In E.coli, which of the following factors function to ensure the proper binding of tRNAfMet during mRNA binding and ribosomal subunit assembly? I.IF-1 II.IF-2 III.IF-3 IV.EF-Ts

Which of the following is NOT associated with eukaryotic translation initiation?

Based on the structure shown below, which of the following correctly represents the sequence that would be present at the "XYZ" position?

A silent mutation occurs when a nucleotide mutation results in the identical amino acid in place upon completion of translation.If the original sequence is as follows, which example below represents a silent mutation? GUACAAGCAUGAAGUUUGGUAAGCG

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -The start codon is usually ______.

Which of the following is NOT a feature of tRNA structure?

The steps required for peptide elongation at the ribosome are, respectively,

Which of the following best describes the preparation of fMet-tRNAfmet for translation in prokaryotes?

The triplet code allows many amino acids to be specified by more than one codon.Such a code is said to be

Insertions or deletions of one or two nucleotides can cause

Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of events in formation of the ribosome assembly and associated RNAs and proteins?

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Glucose Catabolism

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

Dna Replication, Repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

In E.coli, which of the following factors function to ensure the proper binding of tRNA_f^Metduring mRNA binding and ribosomal subunit assembly? I.IF-1 II.IF-2 III.IF-3 IV.EF-Ts

Which of the following best describes the preparation of fMet-tRNA_f^met for translation in prokaryotes?