Question 1

During translation, the reaction catalyzed by peptidyl transferase is coupled to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP → ADP + Pi 
B) ATP → AMP + PPi 
C) GTP → GDP + Pi 
D) GTP → GMP + PPi 
E) Release of the tRNA in the P site 
A) ATP → ADP + Pi 
B) ATP → AMP + PPi 
C) GTP → GDP + Pi 
D) GTP → GMP + PPi 
E) Release of the tRNA in the P site

Question 2

The structural similarities of EF-G and the EF-Tu·tRNA complex indicate

Accepted Answer

A) EF-G may be used as a substitute for EF-Tu. 
B) EF-G may play a role in displacing the tRNA growing peptide. 
C) EF-G may mediate a change in conformation that facilitates EF-Tu binding. 
D) EF-G may be involved in facilitating binding of initiation factors. 
E) EF-G and EF-Tu are both required for proper initiation. 
A) EF-G may be used as a substitute for EF-Tu. 
B) EF-G may play a role in displacing the tRNA growing peptide. 
C) EF-G may mediate a change in conformation that facilitates EF-Tu binding. 
D) EF-G may be involved in facilitating binding of initiation factors. 
E) EF-G and EF-Tu are both required for proper initiation.

Question 3

The site on the ribosome complex which binds the new incoming amino acid- tRNA is called the

Accepted Answer

A) P site. 
B) A site. 
C) E site. 
D) 50 S site. 
E) 30 S site. 
A) P site. 
B) A site. 
C) E site. 
D) 50 S site. 
E) 30 S site.

Question 4

Which of following best describes the process for attachment of amino acid to the appropriate tRNAs? (Note: AA = amino acid, Pi = phosphate, PPi = pyrophosphate)

Accepted Answer

A) AA + ATP → AA-P + ADP then AA-P + tRNA → AA-tRNA + Pi 
B) AA + ATP → AA-AMP + PPi thenAA-AMP + tRNA → AA-tRNA + AMP 
C) tRNA + ATP → tRNA-P + ADP then tRNA-P + AA → AA-tRNA + Pi 
D) tRNA + ATP → tRNA-AMP + PPi then tRNA-AMP + AA → AA-tRNA + AMP 
E) AA + GTP → AA-GMP + PPi then AA-GMP + tRNA → AA-tRNA + GMP 
A) AA + ATP → AA-P + ADP then AA-P + tRNA → AA-tRNA + Pi 
B) AA + ATP → AA-AMP + PPi thenAA-AMP + tRNA → AA-tRNA + AMP 
C) tRNA + ATP → tRNA-P + ADP then tRNA-P + AA → AA-tRNA + Pi 
D) tRNA + ATP → tRNA-AMP + PPi then tRNA-AMP + AA → AA-tRNA + AMP 
E) AA + GTP → AA-GMP + PPi then AA-GMP + tRNA → AA-tRNA + GMP

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the wobble hypothesis?
I.The degree of variance in base pairing is greater at the 5' end of the anticodon, thus accounting for more than one codon.
II.The degree of variance in base pairing is greater at the 3' end of the anticodon, thus accounting for more than one codon
III.Non-Watson-Crick base pairing is sometimes allowed in the last position of the anticodon-codon pairing.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and III 
D) II and III 
E) III only 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and III 
D) II and III 
E) III only

Question 6

The correct amino acid is covalently attached to a tRNA by the corresponding ______ which is specific for each ______.

Accepted Answer

A) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS); amino acid 
B) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS); species 
C) elongation factor; amino acid 
D) elongation factor; species 
E) none of the above 
A) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS); amino acid 
B) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS); species 
C) elongation factor; amino acid 
D) elongation factor; species 
E) none of the above

Question 7

Structural studies of the bacterial ribosome indicate which of the following important points regarding function?

Accepted Answer

A) The domains of the 30S subunit appear flexible during protein synthesis. 
B) The large subunit of the ribosome appears to undergo domain motion during protein synthesis. 
C) The small and large subunits of the ribosome appear static throughout protein synthesis. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) The domains of the 30S subunit appear flexible during protein synthesis. 
B) The large subunit of the ribosome appears to undergo domain motion during protein synthesis. 
C) The small and large subunits of the ribosome appear static throughout protein synthesis. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 8

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-Codons that specify the same amino acid are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG 
B) sense 
C) release factors 
D) noninitiator 
E) hairpin
F)preproteins
G)genetic code
H)penicillin
I)proproteins
J)proofreading
K)UUA
L)synonyms
M)nucleotide cypher
N)streptomycin
O)nonsense
P)revising
Q)cloverleaf 
A) AUG 
B) sense 
C) release factors 
D) noninitiator 
E) hairpin
F)preproteins
G)genetic code
H)penicillin
I)proproteins
J)proofreading
K)UUA
L)synonyms
M)nucleotide cypher
N)streptomycin
O)nonsense
P)revising
Q)cloverleaf

Question 9

Which linkage best describes the covalent bond between an amino acid (AA)and its cognate tRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) amino group of AA linked to 5' -OH of tRNA 
B) amino group of AA linked to 5' phosphate of tRNA 
C) carboxyl group of AA linked to 3' -OH of tRNA 
D) carboxyl group of AA linked to 3' phosphate of tRNA 
E) none of the above 
A) amino group of AA linked to 5' -OH of tRNA 
B) amino group of AA linked to 5' phosphate of tRNA 
C) carboxyl group of AA linked to 3' -OH of tRNA 
D) carboxyl group of AA linked to 3' phosphate of tRNA 
E) none of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is a ribonucleoprotein required for the delivery of membrane and secretory proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

A) protein-conducting channel (PC
C)  
B) small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) 
C) trigger factor 
D) calnexin 
E) signal recognition particles (SRP) 
A) protein-conducting channel (PC
C)  
B) small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) 
C) trigger factor 
D) calnexin 
E) signal recognition particles (SRP)

Question 11

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-At low concentrations the antibiotic ______ causes misreading of the mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG 
B) sense 
C) release factors 
D) noninitiator 
E) hairpin
F)preproteins
G)genetic code
H)penicillin
I)proproteins
J)proofreading
K)UUA
L)synonyms
M)nucleotide cypher
N)streptomycin
O)nonsense
P)revising
Q)cloverleaf 
A) AUG 
B) sense 
C) release factors 
D) noninitiator 
E) hairpin
F)preproteins
G)genetic code
H)penicillin
I)proproteins
J)proofreading
K)UUA
L)synonyms
M)nucleotide cypher
N)streptomycin
O)nonsense
P)revising
Q)cloverleaf

Question 12

What happens when a stop codon is reached by a ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A) A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and is used to release the growing peptide from the P site tRNA.The ribosome then is likely to dissociate. 
B) A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and the growing peptide is transferred to it.When the peptidyl-tRNAter reaches the P site, the ribosome is signaled to release the protein.The ribosome then is likely to dissociate. 
C) A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and the growing peptide is transferred to it.When the peptidyl-tRNAter reaches the P site, the ribosome dissociates.A separate peptidyl transferase then releases the protein from tRNAter. 
D) A release factor binds to the codon and is used to release the growing peptide from the P site tRNA. 
E) A release factor binds to the codon and the ribosome dissociates.A separate peptidyl transferase then releases the protein from the last tRNA to which was attached. 
A) A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and is used to release the growing peptide from the P site tRNA.The ribosome then is likely to dissociate. 
B) A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and the growing peptide is transferred to it.When the peptidyl-tRNAter reaches the P site, the ribosome is signaled to release the protein.The ribosome then is likely to dissociate. 
C) A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and the growing peptide is transferred to it.When the peptidyl-tRNAter reaches the P site, the ribosome dissociates.A separate peptidyl transferase then releases the protein from tRNAter. 
D) A release factor binds to the codon and is used to release the growing peptide from the P site tRNA. 
E) A release factor binds to the codon and the ribosome dissociates.A separate peptidyl transferase then releases the protein from the last tRNA to which was attached.

Question 13

Class I and Class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases differ in their
I.structural motifs.
II.anticodon recognition.
III.site of aminoacylation.
IV.amino acid specificity.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II, III 
C) II, IV 
D) II only 
E) I, II, III, IV 
A) I only 
B) II, III 
C) II, IV 
D) II only 
E) I, II, III, IV

Question 14

In E.coli, base-pairing between an mRNA's ______ and the 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 end of the 16S rRNA permits the ribosome to select the proper initiation codon, thus minimizing ______.

Accepted Answer

A) start codon; abortive initiation 
B) Shine-Dalgarno sequence; abortive initiation 
C) start codon; frameshift mutations 
D) Shine-Dalgarno sequence; frameshift mutations 
E) none of the above 
A) start codon; abortive initiation 
B) Shine-Dalgarno sequence; abortive initiation 
C) start codon; frameshift mutations 
D) Shine-Dalgarno sequence; frameshift mutations 
E) none of the above

Question 15

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence is

Accepted Answer

A) used to align ribosome subunits and initiation translation. 
B) functions as a stop codon. 
C) is used to align RNA polymerase. 
D) is used during transcription termination. 
E) all of the above 
A) used to align ribosome subunits and initiation translation. 
B) functions as a stop codon. 
C) is used to align RNA polymerase. 
D) is used during transcription termination. 
E) all of the above

Question 16

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-Translation termination requires ______ that recognize Stop codons.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG 
B) sense 
C) release factors 
D) noninitiator 
E) hairpin
F)preproteins
G)genetic code
H)penicillin
I)proproteins
J)proofreading
K)UUA
L)synonyms
M)nucleotide cypher
N)streptomycin
O)nonsense
P)revising
Q)cloverleaf 
A) AUG 
B) sense 
C) release factors 
D) noninitiator 
E) hairpin
F)preproteins
G)genetic code
H)penicillin
I)proproteins
J)proofreading
K)UUA
L)synonyms
M)nucleotide cypher
N)streptomycin
O)nonsense
P)revising
Q)cloverleaf

Question 17

Inhibitors of translation may be effective as

Accepted Answer

A) antibiotics. 
B) anticancer agents. 
C) research on translation. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) antibiotics. 
B) anticancer agents. 
C) research on translation. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 18

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-EF-Tu binds all ______ aminoacyl tRNAs but that of tRNAsec.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG 
B) sense 
C) release factors 
D) noninitiator 
E) hairpin
F)preproteins
G)genetic code
H)penicillin
I)proproteins
J)proofreading
K)UUA
L)synonyms
M)nucleotide cypher
N)streptomycin
O)nonsense
P)revising
Q)cloverleaf 
A) AUG 
B) sense 
C) release factors 
D) noninitiator 
E) hairpin
F)preproteins
G)genetic code
H)penicillin
I)proproteins
J)proofreading
K)UUA
L)synonyms
M)nucleotide cypher
N)streptomycin
O)nonsense
P)revising
Q)cloverleaf

Question 19

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-The ______ is composed of three-nucleotide codons that do not overlap and are read sequentially by the protein-synthesizing machinery.

Accepted Answer

A) AUG 
B) sense 
C) release factors 
D) noninitiator 
E) hairpin
F)preproteins
G)genetic code
H)penicillin
I)proproteins
J)proofreading
K)UUA
L)synonyms
M)nucleotide cypher
N)streptomycin
O)nonsense
P)revising
Q)cloverleaf 
A) AUG 
B) sense 
C) release factors 
D) noninitiator 
E) hairpin
F)preproteins
G)genetic code
H)penicillin
I)proproteins
J)proofreading
K)UUA
L)synonyms
M)nucleotide cypher
N)streptomycin
O)nonsense
P)revising
Q)cloverleaf

Question 20

Which of following describes proofreading for the addition of amino acids (AAs)to the growing peptide?

Accepted Answer

A) An RNA component of the ribosome ensures that the correct AA is associated with the A site before addition occurs. 
B) An RNA component of the ribosome ensures that the correct AA has been added, but before the peptidyl-tRNA is shifted to the P site. 
C) The EF-Tu • GTP complex ensures that the correct AA is associated with the A site before addition occurs. 
D) EF-G ensures that the correct AA has been added, but before the peptidyl-tRNA is shifted to the P -site. 
E) No proofreading of this process occurs. 
A) An RNA component of the ribosome ensures that the correct AA is associated with the A site before addition occurs. 
B) An RNA component of the ribosome ensures that the correct AA has been added, but before the peptidyl-tRNA is shifted to the P site. 
C) The EF-Tu • GTP complex ensures that the correct AA is associated with the A site before addition occurs. 
D) EF-G ensures that the correct AA has been added, but before the peptidyl-tRNA is shifted to the P -site. 
E) No proofreading of this process occurs.

Exam 27: Translation

During translation, the reaction catalyzed by peptidyl transferase is coupled to which of the following?

The structural similarities of EF-G and the EF-Tu·tRNA complex indicate

The site on the ribosome complex which binds the new incoming amino acid- tRNA is called the

Which of following best describes the process for attachment of amino acid to the appropriate tRNAs? (Note: AA = amino acid, Pi = phosphate, PPi = pyrophosphate)

The correct amino acid is covalently attached to a tRNA by the corresponding ______ which is specific for each ______.

Structural studies of the bacterial ribosome indicate which of the following important points regarding function?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -Codons that specify the same amino acid are called ______.

Which linkage best describes the covalent bond between an amino acid (AA)and its cognate tRNA?

Which of the following is a ribonucleoprotein required for the delivery of membrane and secretory proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -At low concentrations the antibiotic ______ causes misreading of the mRNA.

What happens when a stop codon is reached by a ribosome?

Class I and Class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases differ in their I.structural motifs. II.anticodon recognition. III.site of aminoacylation. IV.amino acid specificity.

In E.coli, base-pairing between an mRNA's ______ and the 3 end of the 16S rRNA permits the ribosome to select the proper initiation codon, thus minimizing ______.

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence is

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -Translation termination requires ______ that recognize Stop codons.

Inhibitors of translation may be effective as

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -EF-Tu binds all ______ aminoacyl tRNAs but that of tRNAsec.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -The ______ is composed of three-nucleotide codons that do not overlap and are read sequentially by the protein-synthesizing machinery.

Which of following describes proofreading for the addition of amino acids (AAs)to the growing peptide?

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Glucose Catabolism

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

Dna Replication, Repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Which of following best describes the process for attachment of amino acid to the appropriate tRNAs? (Note: AA = amino acid, P_i = phosphate, PP_i = pyrophosphate)

The correct amino acid is covalently attached to a tRNA by the corresponding which is specific for each .

In E.coli, base-pairing between an mRNA's and the 3 end of the 16S rRNA permits the ribosome to select the proper initiation codon, thus minimizing .

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -EF-Tu binds all ______ aminoacyl tRNAs but that of tRNA^sec.