Question 1

Which statement is TRUE concerning the metabolic reaction shown below?

Accepted Answer

A) The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is called a mutase. 
B) The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is called a kinase. 
C) This reaction requires the free energy of ATP hydrolysis. 
D) This reaction requires multiple steps catalyzed by a phosphorylase and a mutase. 
E) The oxidation level of glucose-1-phosphate is higher than that of glucose-6-phosphate. 
A) The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is called a mutase. 
B) The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is called a kinase. 
C) This reaction requires the free energy of ATP hydrolysis. 
D) This reaction requires multiple steps catalyzed by a phosphorylase and a mutase. 
E) The oxidation level of glucose-1-phosphate is higher than that of glucose-6-phosphate. A

Question 2

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-The membrane-bound polyisoprenol involved in the synthesis of N-linked glycoproteins is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorylase α 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) glucagon 
D) glucose-6-phosphatase 
E) cAMP
F)biotin
G)insulin
H)glycogenolysis
I)liver
J)glucose-1-phosphate
K)dolichol
L)muscle 
A) phosphorylase α 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) glucagon 
D) glucose-6-phosphatase 
E) cAMP
F)biotin
G)insulin
H)glycogenolysis
I)liver
J)glucose-1-phosphate
K)dolichol
L)muscle K

Question 3

What is the net energetic cost of converting two pyruvate to one glucose by gluconeogenesis in ATP equivalents?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 6 
E) 8 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 6 
E) 8 D

Question 4

Levels of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)are affected by which of the following?
I.glycogen breakdown
II.activity of the pentose phosphate pathway
III.galactose preparation for entry into glycolysis

Accepted Answer

A) I, II 
B) I, II, III 
C) III 
D) II, 
E) I, III 
A) I, II 
B) I, II, III 
C) III 
D) II, 
E) I, III

Question 5

What is the net ATP yield for a muscle cell that stores one dietary glucose molecule as glycogen and then releases it and sends it through glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4

Question 6

Which of the following will NOT activate glycogen phosphorylase in the liver?

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine 
B) glucagon 
C) eating a high carbohydrate meal 
D) cAMP 
E) All of the above will activate glycogen phosphorylase. 
A) epinephrine 
B) glucagon 
C) eating a high carbohydrate meal 
D) cAMP 
E) All of the above will activate glycogen phosphorylase.

Question 7

Increased levels of epinephrine in the blood will
I.activate adenylate cyclase in liver and muscle cells.
II.stimulate glycogen synthesis.
III.inhibit glycolysis in the muscle cell.
IV.stimulate gluconeogenesis in the muscle cell.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I, II 
C) I, II, III 
D) II only 
E) I, II, III, IV 
A) I only 
B) I, II 
C) I, II, III 
D) II only 
E) I, II, III, IV

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the energetically favorable formation of UDP-glucose in the liver and muscle?

Accepted Answer

A) ($\Delta$G°' for the reaction glucose-1-phosphate + UTP $\rarr$UDP-glucose + PPi is very negative.) 
B) ($\Delta$G°' for the reaction glucose-1-phosphate + UTP $\rarr$ UDP-glucose + PPi is very positive.) 
C) ($\Delta$G°' for the reaction PPi $\rarr$ 2Pi is very negative.) 
D) ($\Delta$G°' for the reaction PPi $\rarr$ 2Pi is very positive.) 
E) ($\Delta$G°' for the overall reaction is very positive.) 
A) ($\Delta$G°' for the reaction glucose-1-phosphate + UTP $\rarr$UDP-glucose + PPi is very negative.) 
B) ($\Delta$G°' for the reaction glucose-1-phosphate + UTP $\rarr$ UDP-glucose + PPi is very positive.) 
C) ($\Delta$G°' for the reaction PPi $\rarr$ 2Pi is very negative.) 
D) ($\Delta$G°' for the reaction PPi $\rarr$ 2Pi is very positive.) 
E) ($\Delta$G°' for the overall reaction is very positive.)

Question 9

Patient "G" has a glycogen storage disease which results in decreased muscle glycogen levels.Muscle biopsies indicate poor glycogen structure in the muscle.Which of the following enzymes might be related to the cause?

Accepted Answer

A) muscle debranching enzyme 
B) muscle glycogen phosphorylase 
C) liver debranching enzyme 
D) muscle glycogen synthase 
E) liver glycogen synthase 
A) muscle debranching enzyme 
B) muscle glycogen phosphorylase 
C) liver debranching enzyme 
D) muscle glycogen synthase 
E) liver glycogen synthase

Question 10

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-______ activates glycogen breakdown.

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorylase α 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) glucagon 
D) glucose-6-phosphatase 
E) cAMP
F)biotin
G)insulin
H)glycogenolysis
I)liver
J)glucose-1-phosphate
K)dolichol
L)muscle 
A) phosphorylase α 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) glucagon 
D) glucose-6-phosphatase 
E) cAMP
F)biotin
G)insulin
H)glycogenolysis
I)liver
J)glucose-1-phosphate
K)dolichol
L)muscle

Question 11

The glycogen debranching enzyme is required for

Accepted Answer

A) the transfer of 3-glucose units from one branch to another. 
B) the transfer of phosphate from one position to another. 
C) cleaving $\alpha$(1$\rarr$6)sugar linkages 
D) A and C 
E) A, B and C 
A) the transfer of 3-glucose units from one branch to another. 
B) the transfer of phosphate from one position to another. 
C) cleaving $\alpha$(1$\rarr$6)sugar linkages 
D) A and C 
E) A, B and C

Question 12

A deficiency in the enzyme PEPCK (PEP carboxykinase)would

Accepted Answer

A) block function of the malate/aspartate shuttle. 
B) block transfer of reducing equivalents across the membrane in the heart and liver. 
C) inhibit formation of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. 
D) inhibit formation of NADH. 
E) decrease flux through gluconeogenesis. 
A) block function of the malate/aspartate shuttle. 
B) block transfer of reducing equivalents across the membrane in the heart and liver. 
C) inhibit formation of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. 
D) inhibit formation of NADH. 
E) decrease flux through gluconeogenesis.

Question 13

Avidin, a protein intact in raw egg whites, prevents the absorption of biotin in the intestine resulting in biotin deficiency.Which of the following is affected in individuals who consume large amounts of raw egg?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxaloacetate $\rarr$ phosphoenolpyruvate 
B) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate $\rarr$ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 
C) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate $\rarr$ fructose-6-phosphate 
D) Pyruvate $\rarr$ oxaloacetate 
E) Phosphoenolpyruvate $\rarr$ 2-phosphoglycerate 
A) Oxaloacetate $\rarr$ phosphoenolpyruvate 
B) 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate $\rarr$ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 
C) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate $\rarr$ fructose-6-phosphate 
D) Pyruvate $\rarr$ oxaloacetate 
E) Phosphoenolpyruvate $\rarr$ 2-phosphoglycerate

Question 14

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose-1-isomerase 
B) glucokinase 
C) glucose-1-phosphatase 
D) phosphoglucomutase 
E) glycogen phosphorylase 
A) glucose-1-isomerase 
B) glucokinase 
C) glucose-1-phosphatase 
D) phosphoglucomutase 
E) glycogen phosphorylase

Question 15

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-The breakdown of glycogen is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorylase α 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) glucagon 
D) glucose-6-phosphatase 
E) cAMP
F)biotin
G)insulin
H)glycogenolysis
I)liver
J)glucose-1-phosphate
K)dolichol
L)muscle 
A) phosphorylase α 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) glucagon 
D) glucose-6-phosphatase 
E) cAMP
F)biotin
G)insulin
H)glycogenolysis
I)liver
J)glucose-1-phosphate
K)dolichol
L)muscle

Question 16

Which of the following metabolic conversions involved in glucose synthesis requires the direct expenditure of ATP?
I.3-Phosphoglycerate $\rarr$1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
II.Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate $\rarr$ fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
III.Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate $\rarr$ fructose-6-phosphate
IV.1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate $\rarr$ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II, III 
C) III only 
D) II, IV 
E) I, IV 
A) I only 
B) II, III 
C) III only 
D) II, IV 
E) I, IV

Question 17

Which of the following enzymes directly converts phosphorylase b into the more active form, phosphorylase a?

Accepted Answer

A) cAMP-dependent protein kinase 
B) phosphorylase kinase 
C) protein kinase A 
D) adenylate cyclase 
E) phosphoprotein phosphatase-1 
A) cAMP-dependent protein kinase 
B) phosphorylase kinase 
C) protein kinase A 
D) adenylate cyclase 
E) phosphoprotein phosphatase-1

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the reaction shown below? pyruvate + HCO3− + ATP $\rarr$ oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi
I.It requires the direct transport of oxaloacetate across the membrane.
II.It utilizes the malate-aspartate shuttle in some species.
III.It is essential for gluconeogenesis.
IV.Its reactants require the function of enzymes which are only found in the cytosol.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II, III 
C) II, III, IV 
D) III only 
E) II, IV 
A) I only 
B) II, III 
C) II, III, IV 
D) III only 
E) II, IV

Question 19

A deficiency in muscle glycogen phosphorylase would result in

Accepted Answer

A) normal muscle glycogen structure. 
B) abnormal muscle glycogen structure. 
C) elevated muscle glycogen levels 
D) A and C 
E) B and C 
A) normal muscle glycogen structure. 
B) abnormal muscle glycogen structure. 
C) elevated muscle glycogen levels 
D) A and C 
E) B and C

Question 20

What molecules correspond to correspond to X and Y in the following gluconeogenic reaction? Fructose-1,6-bisphosphotase + X $\rarr$ Fructose-6-phosphate + Y

Accepted Answer

A) X = NADH + H+  ,   Y = NAD+ 
B) X = ATP    ,Y = ADP + Pi 
C) X = NAD+   , Y = NADH + H+ 
D) X = GTP    ,Y = GTP + Pi 
E) X = H2O    , Y = Pi 
A) X = NADH + H+  ,   Y = NAD+ 
B) X = ATP    ,Y = ADP + Pi 
C) X = NAD+   , Y = NADH + H+ 
D) X = GTP    ,Y = GTP + Pi 
E) X = H2O    , Y = Pi

Exam 15: Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Which statement is TRUE concerning the metabolic reaction shown below?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -The membrane-bound polyisoprenol involved in the synthesis of N-linked glycoproteins is called ______.

What is the net energetic cost of converting two pyruvate to one glucose by gluconeogenesis in ATP equivalents?

Levels of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)are affected by which of the following? I.glycogen breakdown II.activity of the pentose phosphate pathway III.galactose preparation for entry into glycolysis

What is the net ATP yield for a muscle cell that stores one dietary glucose molecule as glycogen and then releases it and sends it through glycolysis?

Which of the following will NOT activate glycogen phosphorylase in the liver?

Increased levels of epinephrine in the blood will I.activate adenylate cyclase in liver and muscle cells. II.stimulate glycogen synthesis. III.inhibit glycolysis in the muscle cell. IV.stimulate gluconeogenesis in the muscle cell.

Which of the following best explains the energetically favorable formation of UDP-glucose in the liver and muscle?

Patient "G" has a glycogen storage disease which results in decreased muscle glycogen levels.Muscle biopsies indicate poor glycogen structure in the muscle.Which of the following enzymes might be related to the cause?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -______ activates glycogen breakdown.

The glycogen debranching enzyme is required for

A deficiency in the enzyme PEPCK (PEP carboxykinase)would

Avidin, a protein intact in raw egg whites, prevents the absorption of biotin in the intestine resulting in biotin deficiency.Which of the following is affected in individuals who consume large amounts of raw egg?

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -The breakdown of glycogen is referred to as ______.

Which of the following enzymes directly converts phosphorylase b into the more active form, phosphorylase a?

A deficiency in muscle glycogen phosphorylase would result in

What molecules correspond to correspond to X and Y in the following gluconeogenic reaction? Fructose-1,6-bisphosphotase + X →\rarr→ Fructose-6-phosphate + Y

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glucose Catabolism

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

Dna Replication, Repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Translation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

What molecules correspond to correspond to X and Y in the following gluconeogenic reaction? Fructose-1,6-bisphosphotase + X $\rarr$ Fructose-6-phosphate + Y