Question 1

The figure below shows structures of several types of sugars.Which one is an alditol?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)   
A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)   B

Question 2

Matching
-The smallest aldose is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) eight 
B) deoxy 
C) peptidoglycan 
D) axial 
E) anomers
F)two
G)lactose
H)glyceraldehyde
I)amylopectin
J)epimers
K)sixteen
L)glycogen
M)equatorial
N)chitin
O)hyaluronic acid
P)amylose 
A) eight 
B) deoxy 
C) peptidoglycan 
D) axial 
E) anomers
F)two
G)lactose
H)glyceraldehyde
I)amylopectin
J)epimers
K)sixteen
L)glycogen
M)equatorial
N)chitin
O)hyaluronic acid
P)amylose H

Question 3

Matching
-The disaccharide commonly found in dairy products is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) eight 
B) deoxy 
C) peptidoglycan 
D) axial 
E) anomers
F)two
G)lactose
H)glyceraldehyde
I)amylopectin
J)epimers
K)sixteen
L)glycogen
M)equatorial
N)chitin
O)hyaluronic acid
P)amylose 
A) eight 
B) deoxy 
C) peptidoglycan 
D) axial 
E) anomers
F)two
G)lactose
H)glyceraldehyde
I)amylopectin
J)epimers
K)sixteen
L)glycogen
M)equatorial
N)chitin
O)hyaluronic acid
P)amylose G

Question 4

This figure is used in questions .  
-Which structure shown in the figure above represents a ketose?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) None of the above 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) None of the above

Question 5

Which of the structures below represents a glucoside?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)   
A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 6

Matching
-Glucose, with its four chiral carbon atoms, has ______ possible stereoisomers.

Accepted Answer

A) eight 
B) deoxy 
C) peptidoglycan 
D) axial 
E) anomers
F)two
G)lactose
H)glyceraldehyde
I)amylopectin
J)epimers
K)sixteen
L)glycogen
M)equatorial
N)chitin
O)hyaluronic acid
P)amylose 
A) eight 
B) deoxy 
C) peptidoglycan 
D) axial 
E) anomers
F)two
G)lactose
H)glyceraldehyde
I)amylopectin
J)epimers
K)sixteen
L)glycogen
M)equatorial
N)chitin
O)hyaluronic acid
P)amylose

Question 7

At equilibrium in solution, D-glucose consists of a mixture of its anomers.Which statement most accurately describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

A) The solution consists of approximately equal amounts of the $\alpha$- and $\beta$-anomers. 
B) The straight-chain form is present in high concentration. 
C) The $\alpha$-anomer is more stable and is slightly preferred over the $\beta$-anomer. 
D) The $\beta$-anomer predominates over the $\alpha$-anomer by a ratio of approximately 2:1. 
E) None of the answers above is correct. 
A) The solution consists of approximately equal amounts of the $\alpha$- and $\beta$-anomers. 
B) The straight-chain form is present in high concentration. 
C) The $\alpha$-anomer is more stable and is slightly preferred over the $\beta$-anomer. 
D) The $\beta$-anomer predominates over the $\alpha$-anomer by a ratio of approximately 2:1. 
E) None of the answers above is correct.

Question 8

N-linked oligosaccharides can be covalently linked to proteins at which amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A) Gly 
B) Ser 
C) Glu 
D) Tyr 
E) Asn 
A) Gly 
B) Ser 
C) Glu 
D) Tyr 
E) Asn

Question 9

This figure is used in questions  
-Which two sugars shown in the figure above are epimers?

Accepted Answer

A) A and B 
B) B and C 
C) C and D 
D) A and D 
E) None of the above 
A) A and B 
B) B and C 
C) C and D 
D) A and D 
E) None of the above

Question 10

Cellulose is

Accepted Answer

A) a linear copolymer of glucose and galactose. 
B) a branched polymer of glucose. 
C) a linear polymer of glucose with β($1\rightarrow$4)linkages. 
D) a linear polymer of glucose with α(1$\rightarrow$4)linkages. 
E) sometimes called starch. 
A) a linear copolymer of glucose and galactose. 
B) a branched polymer of glucose. 
C) a linear polymer of glucose with β($1\rightarrow$4)linkages. 
D) a linear polymer of glucose with α(1$\rightarrow$4)linkages. 
E) sometimes called starch.

Question 11

Which of the following sugars is not a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) ribose 
C) sucrose 
D) starch 
E) galactose 
A) glucose 
B) ribose 
C) sucrose 
D) starch 
E) galactose

Question 12

This figure is used in questions .  
-Which of the structures shown in the figure above is galactose?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) None of the above 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) None of the above

Question 13

Uronic acids

Accepted Answer

A) are aldoses where the aldehyde is oxidized to a carboxylic acid. 
B) are aldoses where the 1° alcohol is oxidized to a carboxylic acid. 
C) can be found in the pyranose or furanose forms. 
D) A and C are both correct. 
E) B and C are both correct. 
A) are aldoses where the aldehyde is oxidized to a carboxylic acid. 
B) are aldoses where the 1° alcohol is oxidized to a carboxylic acid. 
C) can be found in the pyranose or furanose forms. 
D) A and C are both correct. 
E) B and C are both correct.

Question 14

Matching
-The monosaccharides $\alpha$-D-galactose and $\beta$-D-galactose are ______.

Accepted Answer

A) eight 
B) deoxy 
C) peptidoglycan 
D) axial 
E) anomers
F)two
G)lactose
H)glyceraldehyde
I)amylopectin
J)epimers
K)sixteen
L)glycogen
M)equatorial
N)chitin
O)hyaluronic acid
P)amylose 
A) eight 
B) deoxy 
C) peptidoglycan 
D) axial 
E) anomers
F)two
G)lactose
H)glyceraldehyde
I)amylopectin
J)epimers
K)sixteen
L)glycogen
M)equatorial
N)chitin
O)hyaluronic acid
P)amylose

Question 15

We encounter a great variety of sugars in living organisms.
a.Are most carbohydrates in living organisms D or L?
b.Draw a Fischer projection of the smallest aldose (include all atoms).
c.What is the name of this molecule?

Accepted Answer

a.D @#IMG-DLM& b.see

Question 16

Which polysaccharide is found in a helically coiled conformation?

Accepted Answer

A) chitin 
B) α-amylose 
C) cellulose 
D) lignin 
E) none of the above 
A) chitin 
B) α-amylose 
C) cellulose 
D) lignin 
E) none of the above

Question 17

The drawing below shows the structure of the disaccharide sucrose.  
 a.What are the names of the two monosaccharides that form sucrose?
b.Draw squares around the carbons that determine the designation D or L for each of the monosaccharides.
c.Draw circles around the anomeric carbon atoms on the drawing.
d.Indicate on the drawing for each of the anomeric carbon atoms whether they are in the $\alpha$ or the $\beta$ configuration.
e.Is sucrose a reducing sugar? Explain your answer in one sentence.

Accepted Answer

a.glucose (glucopyranose)and f

Question 18

The sialic acids

Accepted Answer

A) are important constituents of glycoproteins and glycolipids. 
B) are N-acetyl glucosamine derivatives. 
C) incorporate a succinic acid derivative. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) are important constituents of glycoproteins and glycolipids. 
B) are N-acetyl glucosamine derivatives. 
C) incorporate a succinic acid derivative. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 19

Matching
-The main component of a bacterial cell wall is a ______.

Accepted Answer

A) eight 
B) deoxy 
C) peptidoglycan 
D) axial 
E) anomers
F)two
G)lactose
H)glyceraldehyde
I)amylopectin
J)epimers
K)sixteen
L)glycogen
M)equatorial
N)chitin
O)hyaluronic acid
P)amylose 
A) eight 
B) deoxy 
C) peptidoglycan 
D) axial 
E) anomers
F)two
G)lactose
H)glyceraldehyde
I)amylopectin
J)epimers
K)sixteen
L)glycogen
M)equatorial
N)chitin
O)hyaluronic acid
P)amylose

Question 20

Proteins that bind to specific carbohydrates are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) pectins 
B) oligonucleotides 
C) glycosaminoglycans 
D) lectins 
E) chitins 
A) pectins 
B) oligonucleotides 
C) glycosaminoglycans 
D) lectins 
E) chitins

Exam 8: Carbohydrates

The figure below shows structures of several types of sugars.Which one is an alditol?

Matching -The smallest aldose is ______.

Matching -The disaccharide commonly found in dairy products is ______.

This figure is used in questions . -Which structure shown in the figure above represents a ketose?

Which of the structures below represents a glucoside?

Matching -Glucose, with its four chiral carbon atoms, has ______ possible stereoisomers.

At equilibrium in solution, D-glucose consists of a mixture of its anomers.Which statement most accurately describes this solution?

N-linked oligosaccharides can be covalently linked to proteins at which amino acid?

This figure is used in questions -Which two sugars shown in the figure above are epimers?

Cellulose is

Which of the following sugars is not a reducing sugar?

This figure is used in questions . -Which of the structures shown in the figure above is galactose?

Uronic acids

Matching -The monosaccharides α\alphaα -D-galactose and β\betaβ -D-galactose are ______.

We encounter a great variety of sugars in living organisms. a.Are most carbohydrates in living organisms D or L? b.Draw a Fischer projection of the smallest aldose (include all atoms). c.What is the name of this molecule?

Which polysaccharide is found in a helically coiled conformation?

The sialic acids

Matching -The main component of a bacterial cell wall is a ______.

Proteins that bind to specific carbohydrates are called ______.

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Glucose Catabolism

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

Dna Replication, Repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Translation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Matching -The monosaccharides $\alpha$ -D-galactose and $\beta$ -D-galactose are ______.