Question 1

______, a condition in which acetoacetate production exceeds it metabolism and results in a sweet breath odor due to nonenyzmatic ___ of acetoacetate to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) ketosis; decarboxylation; hydroxylbutryate 
B) ketosis; carboxylation; hydroxylbutryate 
C) ketosis; carboxylation; acetone 
D) glyceroneogenesis; decarboxylation; hydroxylbutryate 
E) glyceroneogenesis; decarboxylation; acetone 
A) ketosis; decarboxylation; hydroxylbutryate 
B) ketosis; carboxylation; hydroxylbutryate 
C) ketosis; carboxylation; acetone 
D) glyceroneogenesis; decarboxylation; hydroxylbutryate 
E) glyceroneogenesis; decarboxylation; acetone

Question 2

Which of the following best describes arachidonic acid?

Accepted Answer

A) a 20-carbon isoprene-based intermediate of cholesterol synthesis 
B) a 20-carbon fatty acid essential for cholesterol synthesis 
C) a 20-carbon isoprene-based compound used for synthesis of prostaglandins 
D) a 20-carbon fatty acid used for synthesis of prostaglandins 
E) a 2-carbon compound that functions in conjunction with a fatty acid carrier protein for transport of primed fatty acids 
A) a 20-carbon isoprene-based intermediate of cholesterol synthesis 
B) a 20-carbon fatty acid essential for cholesterol synthesis 
C) a 20-carbon isoprene-based compound used for synthesis of prostaglandins 
D) a 20-carbon fatty acid used for synthesis of prostaglandins 
E) a 2-carbon compound that functions in conjunction with a fatty acid carrier protein for transport of primed fatty acids

Question 3

LDL taken up by the liver is

Accepted Answer

A) broken down into fatty acids and amino acids. 
B) taken up by the ER and used to control synthesis of HMG CoA reductase and LDL receptor synthesis. 
C) converted into clathrin and recycled. 
D) irreversibly bound to LDL receptors. 
E) excreted in a clathrin coated vesicle. 
A) broken down into fatty acids and amino acids. 
B) taken up by the ER and used to control synthesis of HMG CoA reductase and LDL receptor synthesis. 
C) converted into clathrin and recycled. 
D) irreversibly bound to LDL receptors. 
E) excreted in a clathrin coated vesicle.

Question 4

Which of the following accurately ranks lipoproteins from highest to lowest density?

Accepted Answer

A) chylomicrons > HDL > LDL > IDL > VLDL 
B) HDL > IDL > LDL > VLDL > chylomicrons 
C) HDL > LDL > IDL > VLDL > chylomicrons 
D) chylomicrons > VLDL > IDL > LDL > HDL 
E) VLDL > IDL > LDL > HDL > chylomicrons 
A) chylomicrons > HDL > LDL > IDL > VLDL 
B) HDL > IDL > LDL > VLDL > chylomicrons 
C) HDL > LDL > IDL > VLDL > chylomicrons 
D) chylomicrons > VLDL > IDL > LDL > HDL 
E) VLDL > IDL > LDL > HDL > chylomicrons

Question 5

Which of the following vitamins is part of the prosthetic group 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin?

Accepted Answer

A) B1 
B) B2 
C) B6 
D) B12 
E) none of the above 
A) B1 
B) B2 
C) B6 
D) B12 
E) none of the above

Question 6

Which of the following diets would most likely promote the formation of ketone bodies?

Accepted Answer

A) high simple carbohydrates, low fat 
B) high complex carbohydrates, high fructose 
C) high fat, high protein, low carbohydrate 
D) low fat, high protein, high complex carbohydrates 
E) high fructose; high whole grain carbohydrates 
A) high simple carbohydrates, low fat 
B) high complex carbohydrates, high fructose 
C) high fat, high protein, low carbohydrate 
D) low fat, high protein, high complex carbohydrates 
E) high fructose; high whole grain carbohydrates

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an example of a problem sometimes associated with unsaturated fatty acid breakdown?

Accepted Answer

A) β, $\gamma$ double bond 
B) α, β double bond 
C) unanticipated isomerization 
D) inhibition of hydratase by a double bond 
E) All of the above are problems. 
A) β, $\gamma$ double bond 
B) α, β double bond 
C) unanticipated isomerization 
D) inhibition of hydratase by a double bond 
E) All of the above are problems.

Question 8

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-________ is formed from ordered sequence of condensation of isoprene units.

Accepted Answer

A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol 
A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol

Question 9

Which of the following compounds is produced by the multistep cyclization of squalene?

Accepted Answer

A) lanosterol 
B) geranyl pyrophosphate 
C) fanesyl pyrophosphate 
D) isoprene 
E) isopentyl pyrophosphate 
A) lanosterol 
B) geranyl pyrophosphate 
C) fanesyl pyrophosphate 
D) isoprene 
E) isopentyl pyrophosphate

Question 10

Which statement concerning phospholipid synthesis is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Addition of polar "head groups" to diacylglycerol usually involves CDP derivatives. 
B) Addition of polar "head groups" to diacylglycerol usually involves UDP adducts. 
C) Addition of fatty acyl "tails" to glycerol usually involves CDP adducts. 
D) Addition of fatty acyl "tails" to glycerol usually involves UDP adducts. 
E) None of the above is true. 
A) Addition of polar "head groups" to diacylglycerol usually involves CDP derivatives. 
B) Addition of polar "head groups" to diacylglycerol usually involves UDP adducts. 
C) Addition of fatty acyl "tails" to glycerol usually involves CDP adducts. 
D) Addition of fatty acyl "tails" to glycerol usually involves UDP adducts. 
E) None of the above is true.

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
I.It catalyzes the first committed step in fatty acid oxidation.
II.It requires S-adenosylmethionine.
III.It produces malonyl CoA
IV.It uses acetyl CoA

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, III, IV 
B) I only 
C) I, III, IV 
D) III, IV 
E) III only 
A) I, II, III, IV 
B) I only 
C) I, III, IV 
D) III, IV 
E) III only

Question 12

Which of the following statements about apolipoproteins (with the possible exception of apoB-100)is TRUE?
I.The apolipoproteins are water-soluble and loosely associate with the lipoproteins.
II.The apolipoproteins contain helices with hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups on opposite sides of the helical cylinder.
III.The apolipoproteins are synthesized in the intestinal tissues.
IV.The apolipoproteins appear to float on the surface of phospholipids.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I and II 
C) III, IV 
D) I, II, III 
E) I, II, IV 
A) I only 
B) I and II 
C) III, IV 
D) I, II, III 
E) I, II, IV

Question 13

Pain and inflammation are triggered by ___ which are synthesized by an enzyme inhibited by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) cardiolipins; aspirin 
B) prostaglandins; aspirin 
C) analgesics; statins 
D) prostaglandins; COX-1 
E) cyclooxygen; NSAIDS 
A) cardiolipins; aspirin 
B) prostaglandins; aspirin 
C) analgesics; statins 
D) prostaglandins; COX-1 
E) cyclooxygen; NSAIDS

Question 14

Which of the following would result in a net increase in uptake of LDL by the liver?

Accepted Answer

A) increased availability of LDL receptors 
B) high levels of cholesterol synthesis 
C) increased availability of clathrin triskelions 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) increased availability of LDL receptors 
B) high levels of cholesterol synthesis 
C) increased availability of clathrin triskelions 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 15

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-Cholesterol and other lipids are transported from tissues to the liver by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol 
A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol

Question 16

An enzyme that is inhibited by the statin group of drugs (e.g.Lipitor)is

Accepted Answer

A) phospholipase a2. 
B) hormone sensitive lipase. 
C) HMG CoA reductase. 
D) desaturase. 
E) glycerol kinase. 
A) phospholipase a2. 
B) hormone sensitive lipase. 
C) HMG CoA reductase. 
D) desaturase. 
E) glycerol kinase.

Question 17

Matching 
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
-Acyl carrier protein (ACP)contains a ________ prosthetic group.

Accepted Answer

A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol 
A) HDL 
B) propionyl-CoA 
C) LDL 
D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E) malonyl-CoA
F)ACP
G)chylomicrons
H)phosphopantetheine
I)flavin
J)albumin
K)ketone bodies
L)cholesterol

Question 18

Which statement concerning fatty acid synthesis is TRUE?
I.The process occurs in the cytosol.
II.In eukaryotes, the process occurs on a single large protein.
III.The growing acyl chain is carried on an acyl carrier protein instead of coenzyme A.
IV.The process requires two NADPH per acetyl group (2 carbons)added.

Accepted Answer

A) I, II 
B) II, III 
C) I, II, III, IV 
D) III, IV 
E) I, III, IV 
A) I, II 
B) II, III 
C) I, II, III, IV 
D) III, IV 
E) I, III, IV

Question 19

Which of the following is required for entry of fatty acids into the oxidation pathway?
I.priming via the enzyme acyl CoA synthetase
II.conservation of free energy from ATP hydrolysis by use of a thioester linkage
III.transport to the cytosol for oxidation via a carnitine carrier protein
IV.hydrolysis of carnitine palmitoyl transfer protein

Accepted Answer

A) I, II 
B) I, II, III 
C) I, II, III, IV 
D) III, IV 
E) I, III 
A) I, II 
B) I, II, III 
C) I, II, III, IV 
D) III, IV 
E) I, III

Question 20

PGH2 is synthesized from ______ and triggers pain and ________.

Accepted Answer

A) cardiolipins; foam cell development 
B) steroids; fever 
C) salicylic acid; foam cell development 
D) NSAIDS; COX-1 
E) arachidonate; inflammation 
A) cardiolipins; foam cell development 
B) steroids; fever 
C) salicylic acid; foam cell development 
D) NSAIDS; COX-1 
E) arachidonate; inflammation

Exam 20: Lipid Metabolism

______, a condition in which acetoacetate production exceeds it metabolism and results in a sweet breath odor due to nonenyzmatic ___ of acetoacetate to _____.

Which of the following best describes arachidonic acid?

LDL taken up by the liver is

Which of the following accurately ranks lipoproteins from highest to lowest density?

Which of the following vitamins is part of the prosthetic group 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin?

Which of the following diets would most likely promote the formation of ketone bodies?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a problem sometimes associated with unsaturated fatty acid breakdown?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -________ is formed from ordered sequence of condensation of isoprene units.

Which of the following compounds is produced by the multistep cyclization of squalene?

Which statement concerning phospholipid synthesis is true?

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase? I.It catalyzes the first committed step in fatty acid oxidation. II.It requires S-adenosylmethionine. III.It produces malonyl CoA IV.It uses acetyl CoA

Pain and inflammation are triggered by ___ which are synthesized by an enzyme inhibited by ____.

Which of the following would result in a net increase in uptake of LDL by the liver?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -Cholesterol and other lipids are transported from tissues to the liver by ________.

An enzyme that is inhibited by the statin group of drugs (e.g.Lipitor)is

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. -Acyl carrier protein (ACP)contains a ________ prosthetic group.

PGH2 is synthesized from ______ and triggers pain and ________.

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Glucose Catabolism

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

Dna Replication, Repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Translation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

____, a condition in which acetoacetate production exceeds it metabolism and results in a sweet breath odor due to nonenyzmatic _ of acetoacetate to _____.

Pain and inflammation are triggered by _ which are synthesized by an enzyme inhibited by __.

PGH₂ is synthesized from and triggers pain and __.