Question 1

Which of the following is (are)NOT found as covalently attached anchors in lipid-linked proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) isoprenoid groups 
B) fatty acids 
C) cholesterol and other sterols 
D) glycosylphosphatidyl inositol groups 
E) All of the above are found as covalently attached anchors in lipid-linked proteins. 
A) isoprenoid groups 
B) fatty acids 
C) cholesterol and other sterols 
D) glycosylphosphatidyl inositol groups 
E) All of the above are found as covalently attached anchors in lipid-linked proteins.

Question 2

Which of the following segments of the integral membrane protein glycophorin most likely contains the membrane-spanning sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) LSTTEVAMHTTTSSSVSKSY 
B) SQTNDTHKRDTYAATPRA 
C) VSEISVRTVYPPEEETGE 
D) ITLIIFGVMAGVIGTILLI 
E) YGIRRLIKKSPSDVKPLP 
A) LSTTEVAMHTTTSSSVSKSY 
B) SQTNDTHKRDTYAATPRA 
C) VSEISVRTVYPPEEETGE 
D) ITLIIFGVMAGVIGTILLI 
E) YGIRRLIKKSPSDVKPLP

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true regarding fatty acids?
I.Fatty acids with fewer than 14 carbons are the most common.
II.Synthesis of fatty acids occurs in 2 carbon units.
III.Fatty acids with conjugated double bonds are the most common type of fatty acid.
IV.In higher plants and animals, C16 and C18 species predominate.

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, III, IV 
B) I, II, III 
C) I, III 
D) II, III, IV 
E) II, IV 
A) I, II, III, IV 
B) I, II, III 
C) I, III 
D) II, III, IV 
E) II, IV

Question 4

Matching
-______ are the lipids that are most abundant even though they are not components of membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) amphiphiles 
B) vitamin D 
C) arachidonic acid 
D) phosphatidylethanolamine 
E) sterol
F)gangliosides
G)phosphatidylcholine
H)glycerophospholipids
I)sphingomyelins
J)cholesterol
K)triacylglycerols
L)plasmalogen
M)nonpolar 
A) amphiphiles 
B) vitamin D 
C) arachidonic acid 
D) phosphatidylethanolamine 
E) sterol
F)gangliosides
G)phosphatidylcholine
H)glycerophospholipids
I)sphingomyelins
J)cholesterol
K)triacylglycerols
L)plasmalogen
M)nonpolar

Question 5

Coated vesicles are used to ensure that the enclosed protein maintains its proper orientation.Clathrin is one type of protein used to coat vesicles.Which of the following is true regarding clathrin vesicles?

Accepted Answer

A) They transport proteins between successive components of the Golgi compartments. 
B) They transport transmembrane proteins and GPI-linked proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. 
C) They transport proteins from the ER to the Golgi. 
D) They form a rigid complex capable of protecting protein structure and orientation as it is passed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic environments. 
E) None of the above. 
A) They transport proteins between successive components of the Golgi compartments. 
B) They transport transmembrane proteins and GPI-linked proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. 
C) They transport proteins from the ER to the Golgi. 
D) They form a rigid complex capable of protecting protein structure and orientation as it is passed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic environments. 
E) None of the above.

Question 6

Use the diagram below to answer the following question.The enzyme flipase would catalyze which of the following types of reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) Exchange of a phospholipid in position A for a cholesterol in position A. 
B) Exchange for a lipid in position A for a lipid in position B. 
C) Exchange for a phospholipid in position A with a phospholipid in position C. 
D) Exchange for a lipid in position B for a lipid in position D. 
E) Exchange for a glycerolphospholipid in position A for a spingolipid in position C. 
A) Exchange of a phospholipid in position A for a cholesterol in position A. 
B) Exchange for a lipid in position A for a lipid in position B. 
C) Exchange for a phospholipid in position A with a phospholipid in position C. 
D) Exchange for a lipid in position B for a lipid in position D. 
E) Exchange for a glycerolphospholipid in position A for a spingolipid in position C.

Question 7

A suspension of which of the following is most likely to form a liposome?
I.fatty acids
II.triacylglycerols
III.glycerophospholipids
IV.sphingomyelins

Accepted Answer

A) I, II 
B) II, III 
C) III, IV 
D) II, IV 
E) I, IV 
A) I, II 
B) II, III 
C) III, IV 
D) II, IV 
E) I, IV

Question 8

Matching
-Members of the ______ family have four fused, nonplanar rings and a C3-OH group.

Accepted Answer

A) amphiphiles 
B) vitamin D 
C) arachidonic acid 
D) phosphatidylethanolamine 
E) sterol
F)gangliosides
G)phosphatidylcholine
H)glycerophospholipids
I)sphingomyelins
J)cholesterol
K)triacylglycerols
L)plasmalogen
M)nonpolar 
A) amphiphiles 
B) vitamin D 
C) arachidonic acid 
D) phosphatidylethanolamine 
E) sterol
F)gangliosides
G)phosphatidylcholine
H)glycerophospholipids
I)sphingomyelins
J)cholesterol
K)triacylglycerols
L)plasmalogen
M)nonpolar

Question 9

Which of the following lipids would NOT likely be found in a lipid raft?
I.glycosphingolipids
II.glycerophospholipids
III.cholesterol
IV.palmitoleic acid

Accepted Answer

A) I, IV 
B) I, II, IV 
C) II, IV 
D) III, IV 
E) IV 
A) I, IV 
B) I, II, IV 
C) II, IV 
D) III, IV 
E) IV

Question 10

Matching
-They ______ are a class of amphipathic molecules that comprise the major lipid components of the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) amphiphiles 
B) vitamin D 
C) arachidonic acid 
D) phosphatidylethanolamine 
E) sterol
F)gangliosides
G)phosphatidylcholine
H)glycerophospholipids
I)sphingomyelins
J)cholesterol
K)triacylglycerols
L)plasmalogen
M)nonpolar 
A) amphiphiles 
B) vitamin D 
C) arachidonic acid 
D) phosphatidylethanolamine 
E) sterol
F)gangliosides
G)phosphatidylcholine
H)glycerophospholipids
I)sphingomyelins
J)cholesterol
K)triacylglycerols
L)plasmalogen
M)nonpolar

Question 11

Matching
-Glycosphingolipids with complex carbohydrate head groups that often serve as cellular receptors are ______.

Accepted Answer

A) amphiphiles 
B) vitamin D 
C) arachidonic acid 
D) phosphatidylethanolamine 
E) sterol
F)gangliosides
G)phosphatidylcholine
H)glycerophospholipids
I)sphingomyelins
J)cholesterol
K)triacylglycerols
L)plasmalogen
M)nonpolar 
A) amphiphiles 
B) vitamin D 
C) arachidonic acid 
D) phosphatidylethanolamine 
E) sterol
F)gangliosides
G)phosphatidylcholine
H)glycerophospholipids
I)sphingomyelins
J)cholesterol
K)triacylglycerols
L)plasmalogen
M)nonpolar

Question 12

While fatty acids are most often formed by the condensation of __-carbon units, isoprenoids are assembled from __-carbon units.

Accepted Answer

A) 5, 3 
B) 4, 2 
C) 2, 3 
D) 2, 5 
E) 3, 4 
A) 5, 3 
B) 4, 2 
C) 2, 3 
D) 2, 5 
E) 3, 4

Question 13

Which of the following processes presented in this chapter is (are)readily reversible with the help of enzymes known as thioesterases?

Accepted Answer

A) myristoylation 
B) glycosylphosphotidylinositalation 
C) palmitoylation 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) myristoylation 
B) glycosylphosphotidylinositalation 
C) palmitoylation 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 14

Which of the following lipid types is the least polar?

Accepted Answer

A) triacylglycerols 
B) glycerophospholipids 
C) sphingolipids 
D) gangliosides 
E) glycolipids 
A) triacylglycerols 
B) glycerophospholipids 
C) sphingolipids 
D) gangliosides 
E) glycolipids

Question 15

Matching
-A glycerophospholipid in which the C1 substituent linkage forms a vinyl ether that is more easily oxidized than its ester counterpart is called a ______.

Accepted Answer

A) amphiphiles 
B) vitamin D 
C) arachidonic acid 
D) phosphatidylethanolamine 
E) sterol
F)gangliosides
G)phosphatidylcholine
H)glycerophospholipids
I)sphingomyelins
J)cholesterol
K)triacylglycerols
L)plasmalogen
M)nonpolar 
A) amphiphiles 
B) vitamin D 
C) arachidonic acid 
D) phosphatidylethanolamine 
E) sterol
F)gangliosides
G)phosphatidylcholine
H)glycerophospholipids
I)sphingomyelins
J)cholesterol
K)triacylglycerols
L)plasmalogen
M)nonpolar

Question 16

The biconcave shape of erythrocytes which maximizes rapid diffusion of oxygen is primarily maintained by

Accepted Answer

A) the covalent attachment of organelles within the cell to the membrane. 
B) high levels of rigid cholesterol and saturated lipids that strengthen the membrane. 
C) a network of embedded spectrin that crosslink to other membrane proteins, 
D) a network of tightly-packed anion channel proteins. 
E) a relatively low concentration of integral membrane proteins allowing tighter packing of lipid molecules within the membrane. 
A) the covalent attachment of organelles within the cell to the membrane. 
B) high levels of rigid cholesterol and saturated lipids that strengthen the membrane. 
C) a network of embedded spectrin that crosslink to other membrane proteins, 
D) a network of tightly-packed anion channel proteins. 
E) a relatively low concentration of integral membrane proteins allowing tighter packing of lipid molecules within the membrane.

Question 17

Which of the following correctly ranks the steps in the secretory pathway? 
1.Synthesis occurs with a leading signal peptide
2.The SRP-ribosome complex binds the SRP receptor-translocon complex
3.The signal peptide binds the SRP and GDP is replaced with GTP
4.GTP hydrolysis results in dissociation of SRP and SR
5.SRP changes in conformation arresting peptide growth
6.The nascent protein begins to fold and post-translational modification is initiated
7.Signal peptidase cleaves the protein from the signal peptide

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 3 
B) 1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 7, 6 
C) 2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 
D) 2, 4, 3, 5, 4, 6, 7 
E) 1, 3, 4, 2, 5, 7, 6 
A) 1, 2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 3 
B) 1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 7, 6 
C) 2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 
D) 2, 4, 3, 5, 4, 6, 7 
E) 1, 3, 4, 2, 5, 7, 6

Question 18

Lipid bilayers with high concentrations of gangliosides are rare.Which of the following explanations is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) The hydrophobic tails on gangliosides form a conical shape rather than a cylindrical shape making close packing difficult. 
B) Gangliosides contain large headgroups making close packing difficult. 
C) Gangliosides contain trans fatty acids resulting in a bent hydrophobic tail making close packing difficult. 
D) All of the above are correct. 
E) None of the above is correct. 
A) The hydrophobic tails on gangliosides form a conical shape rather than a cylindrical shape making close packing difficult. 
B) Gangliosides contain large headgroups making close packing difficult. 
C) Gangliosides contain trans fatty acids resulting in a bent hydrophobic tail making close packing difficult. 
D) All of the above are correct. 
E) None of the above is correct.

Question 19

Which experiment listed below did NOT verify the fluid mosaic model of membranes?

Accepted Answer

A) observation of lateral movement of membrane across the cell while anchored to a microscope slide. 
B) monitoring the transverse diffusion of human proteins within a mouse cell membrane. 
C) membrane fusion between mouse and human cells. 
D) monitoring the lateral diffusion of fluorphores both bleached and unbleached. 
E) All of the above describe experiments that verified the fluid mosaic model of membranes. 
A) observation of lateral movement of membrane across the cell while anchored to a microscope slide. 
B) monitoring the transverse diffusion of human proteins within a mouse cell membrane. 
C) membrane fusion between mouse and human cells. 
D) monitoring the lateral diffusion of fluorphores both bleached and unbleached. 
E) All of the above describe experiments that verified the fluid mosaic model of membranes.

Exam 9: Lipids and Biological Membranes

Which of the following is (are)NOT found as covalently attached anchors in lipid-linked proteins?

Which of the following segments of the integral membrane protein glycophorin most likely contains the membrane-spanning sequence?

Matching -______ are the lipids that are most abundant even though they are not components of membranes.

Coated vesicles are used to ensure that the enclosed protein maintains its proper orientation.Clathrin is one type of protein used to coat vesicles.Which of the following is true regarding clathrin vesicles?

Use the diagram below to answer the following question.The enzyme flipase would catalyze which of the following types of reactions?

A suspension of which of the following is most likely to form a liposome? I.fatty acids II.triacylglycerols III.glycerophospholipids IV.sphingomyelins

Matching -Members of the ______ family have four fused, nonplanar rings and a C3-OH group.

Which of the following lipids would NOT likely be found in a lipid raft? I.glycosphingolipids II.glycerophospholipids III.cholesterol IV.palmitoleic acid

Matching -They ______ are a class of amphipathic molecules that comprise the major lipid components of the cell membrane.

Matching -Glycosphingolipids with complex carbohydrate head groups that often serve as cellular receptors are ______.

While fatty acids are most often formed by the condensation of __-carbon units, isoprenoids are assembled from __-carbon units.

Which of the following processes presented in this chapter is (are)readily reversible with the help of enzymes known as thioesterases?

Which of the following lipid types is the least polar?

Matching -A glycerophospholipid in which the C1 substituent linkage forms a vinyl ether that is more easily oxidized than its ester counterpart is called a ______.

The biconcave shape of erythrocytes which maximizes rapid diffusion of oxygen is primarily maintained by

Lipid bilayers with high concentrations of gangliosides are rare.Which of the following explanations is correct?

Which experiment listed below did NOT verify the fluid mosaic model of membranes?

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Glucose Catabolism

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

Dna Replication, Repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Translation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

While fatty acids are most often formed by the condensation of -carbon units, isoprenoids are assembled from -carbon units.