Question 1

Administration of dry gases at flows exceeding 4 L/min can cause which of the following?
I.structural damage
II.heat loss
III.water loss

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 2

What is the total water output of unheated large-volume jet nebulizers?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 to 16 mg H2O/L 
B) 16 to 25 mg H2O/L 
C) 26 to 35 mg H2O/L 
D) 33 to 55 mg H2O/L 
A) 10 to 16 mg H2O/L 
B) 16 to 25 mg H2O/L 
C) 26 to 35 mg H2O/L 
D) 33 to 55 mg H2O/L

Question 3

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is receiving heated water aerosol treatments through a jet nebulizer four times daily as a supplement to other bronchial hygiene measures designed to aid in mobilizing retained secretions. After each session, you notice the presence of moderate wheezing. Which of the following recommendations would you make to the physician?

Accepted Answer

A) Discontinue the heated water aerosol treatments. 
B) Consider prior treatment with a bronchodilator. 
C) Switch to a higher-density aerosol (e.g., ultrasonic). 
D) Discontinue the other bronchial hygiene measures. 
A) Discontinue the heated water aerosol treatments. 
B) Consider prior treatment with a bronchodilator. 
C) Switch to a higher-density aerosol (e.g., ultrasonic). 
D) Discontinue the other bronchial hygiene measures.

Question 4

Unheated bubble humidifiers are of limited effectiveness at flows above which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 L/min 
B) 6 L/min 
C) 8 L/min 
D) 10 L/min 
A) 4 L/min 
B) 6 L/min 
C) 8 L/min 
D) 10 L/min

Question 5

All of the following are true of heat-moisture exchangers (HMEs) except:

Accepted Answer

A) Moisture output falls at high volumes and rates of breathing. 
B) High inspiratory flows and high FIO2 values can decrease HME efficiency. 
C) In-use HMEs have little effect on flow resistance to breathing. 
D) HMEs reduce bacterial colonization of ventilator circuits. 
A) Moisture output falls at high volumes and rates of breathing. 
B) High inspiratory flows and high FIO2 values can decrease HME efficiency. 
C) In-use HMEs have little effect on flow resistance to breathing. 
D) HMEs reduce bacterial colonization of ventilator circuits.

Question 6

To produce the highest possible density aerosol from an ultrasonic nebulizer, how would you set the controls? Amplitude
Flow

Accepted Answer

A)  $\text { High\quad High }$ 
B)  $\text { High\quad Low }$ 
C)  $\text { Low \quad High }$ 
D)  $\text { Low\quad Low }$ 
A)  $\text { High\quad High }$ 
B)  $\text { High\quad Low }$ 
C)  $\text { Low \quad High }$ 
D)  $\text { Low\quad Low }$

Question 7

The aerosol output (in mg/L) of an ultrasonic nebulizer depends mainly on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) signal amplitude 
B) chamber baffling 
C) source current 
D) signal frequency 
A) signal amplitude 
B) chamber baffling 
C) source current 
D) signal frequency

Question 8

What is the most reliable indicator that the gas delivered by a servo-controlled heated-wire humidifier system is fully saturated at the airway?

Accepted Answer

A) observing no visible condensate anywhere in the delivery tubing 
B) confirming an airway temperature between 32° and 35° C 
C) observing a few drops of condensate at or near the patient's airway 
D) observing condensate over the full length of the delivery tubing 
A) observing no visible condensate anywhere in the delivery tubing 
B) confirming an airway temperature between 32° and 35° C 
C) observing a few drops of condensate at or near the patient's airway 
D) observing condensate over the full length of the delivery tubing

Question 9

When using nebulizers, where should you place them to minimize risk of contamination?

Accepted Answer

A) in the inspiratory limb only, at a high point in the circuit 
B) in both the expiratory and inspiratory limbs, at high points in the circuit 
C) in the expiratory limb only, at a low point in the circuit 
D) in both the expiratory and inspiratory limbs, at low points in the circuit 
A) in the inspiratory limb only, at a high point in the circuit 
B) in both the expiratory and inspiratory limbs, at high points in the circuit 
C) in the expiratory limb only, at a low point in the circuit 
D) in both the expiratory and inspiratory limbs, at low points in the circuit

Question 10

Which of the following are types of heat-moisture exchangers (HMEs)?
I.simple condenser
II.hygroscopic condenser
III.hydrophobic condenser

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) I, II, and III 
D) III 
A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) I, II, and III 
D) III

Question 11

Which of the following is FALSE about heated humidifier condensate?

Accepted Answer

A) It can block or obstruct the delivery circuit. 
B) It must be treated as contaminated waste. 
C) It requires that circuits be drained frequently. 
D) It poses minimal infection risk. 
A) It can block or obstruct the delivery circuit. 
B) It must be treated as contaminated waste. 
C) It requires that circuits be drained frequently. 
D) It poses minimal infection risk.

Question 12

At high flow rates, what do some bubble humidifiers produce?

Accepted Answer

A) additional heat 
B) microorganisms 
C) low pressures 
D) aerosol particles 
A) additional heat 
B) microorganisms 
C) low pressures 
D) aerosol particles

Question 13

The temperature of gas delivered to a patient's airway by a servo-controlled heated humidifier should not vary by more than how much?

Accepted Answer

A) 2° C 
B) 4° C 
C) 6° C 
D) 8° C 
A) 2° C 
B) 4° C 
C) 6° C 
D) 8° C

Question 14

All of the following are TRUE about humidification and contact time except:

Accepted Answer

A) The longer a gas is exposed to water, the greater is the amount of evaporation. 
B) The rate of gas flow through a humidifier determines contact time. 
C) Low flows decrease and high flows increase relative humidity output. 
D) Bubble humidifier contact time depends on the water column depth. 
A) The longer a gas is exposed to water, the greater is the amount of evaporation. 
B) The rate of gas flow through a humidifier determines contact time. 
C) Low flows decrease and high flows increase relative humidity output. 
D) Bubble humidifier contact time depends on the water column depth.

Question 15

Which of the following mean mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) aerosol suspensions is produced by an ultrasonic nebulizer operated at 1.25 MHz?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 to 2 $\mu$m 
B) 6 to 10 $\mu$m 
C) 4 to 6 $\mu$m 
D) less than 1 $\mu$m 
A) 1 to 2 $\mu$m 
B) 6 to 10 $\mu$m 
C) 4 to 6 $\mu$m 
D) less than 1 $\mu$m

Question 16

Which of the following methods are used to heat the gas delivered by a heated humidifier system?
I.using a wraparound heater (yoke or collar)II.placing a heating element in-line with gas flow
III.using a reservoir immersion heater
IV.placing a "hot plate" at humidifier base

Accepted Answer

A) II and IV 
B) I, II, and III 
C) III and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV 
A) II and IV 
B) I, II, and III 
C) III and IV 
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 17

A patient receiving ventilatory support is being provided with humidification using a heat-moisture exchanger (HME). A physician orders a bronchodilator drug administered through a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) via the ventilator circuit. Which of the following must be performed to ensure delivery of the drug to the patient?

Accepted Answer

A) The inspiratory flow setting of the ventilator should be increased. 
B) The HME must be removed from the circuit during MDI use. 
C) The VT setting of the ventilator should be decreased. 
D) A heated humidifier should replace the HME when using the MDI. 
A) The inspiratory flow setting of the ventilator should be increased. 
B) The HME must be removed from the circuit during MDI use. 
C) The VT setting of the ventilator should be decreased. 
D) A heated humidifier should replace the HME when using the MDI.

Question 18

To minimize problems with environmental safety when aerosol therapy is prescribed for immunosuppressed patients or those with tuberculosis, what precautions should you follow?
I.those for tuberculosis exposure
II.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) standards and contact precautions
III.CDC standards and airborne precautions

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I and III 
A) I, II, and III 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I and III

Question 19

All of the following are features of an ideal heat-moisture exchanger (HME) except:

Accepted Answer

A) high compliance 
B) minimal dead space 
C) 70% or higher efficiency 
D) minimal flow resistance 
A) high compliance 
B) minimal dead space 
C) 70% or higher efficiency 
D) minimal flow resistance

Question 20

A design that increases surface area and enhances evaporation by incorporating an absorbent material partially submerged in a water reservoir that is surrounded by a heating element best describes what type of humidifier?

Accepted Answer

A) bubble 
B) wick 
C) cascade 
D) hygroscopic 
A) bubble 
B) wick 
C) cascade 
D) hygroscopic

Exam 35: Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Administration of dry gases at flows exceeding 4 L/min can cause which of the following? I.structural damage II.heat loss III.water loss

What is the total water output of unheated large-volume jet nebulizers?

Unheated bubble humidifiers are of limited effectiveness at flows above which of the following?

All of the following are true of heat-moisture exchangers (HMEs) except:

To produce the highest possible density aerosol from an ultrasonic nebulizer, how would you set the controls? Amplitude Flow

The aerosol output (in mg/L) of an ultrasonic nebulizer depends mainly on which of the following?

What is the most reliable indicator that the gas delivered by a servo-controlled heated-wire humidifier system is fully saturated at the airway?

When using nebulizers, where should you place them to minimize risk of contamination?

Which of the following are types of heat-moisture exchangers (HMEs)? I.simple condenser II.hygroscopic condenser III.hydrophobic condenser

Which of the following is FALSE about heated humidifier condensate?

At high flow rates, what do some bubble humidifiers produce?

The temperature of gas delivered to a patient's airway by a servo-controlled heated humidifier should not vary by more than how much?

All of the following are TRUE about humidification and contact time except:

Which of the following mean mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) aerosol suspensions is produced by an ultrasonic nebulizer operated at 1.25 MHz?

Which of the following methods are used to heat the gas delivered by a heated humidifier system? I.using a wraparound heater (yoke or collar)II.placing a heating element in-line with gas flow III.using a reservoir immersion heater IV.placing a "hot plate" at humidifier base

All of the following are features of an ideal heat-moisture exchanger (HME) except:

A design that increases surface area and enhances evaporation by incorporating an absorbent material partially submerged in a water reservoir that is surrounded by a heating element best describes what type of humidifier?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

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