Question 1

How often should heat-moisture exchangers be inspected and replaced?

Accepted Answer

A) at least every shift 
B) when contaminated by secretions 
C) at least every day 
D) when condensate is visible 
A) at least every shift 
B) when contaminated by secretions 
C) at least every day 
D) when condensate is visible

Question 2

A heat-moisture exchangers has an efficiency rating of 80%. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A) Of the exhaled water vapor, 80% returns to the patient on inspiration. 
B) The inspired temperature is 80% of the expired temperature. 
C) Of the exhaled water vapor, 20% returns to the patient on inspiration. 
D) The device provides 80% relative humidity at body temperature. 
A) Of the exhaled water vapor, 80% returns to the patient on inspiration. 
B) The inspired temperature is 80% of the expired temperature. 
C) Of the exhaled water vapor, 20% returns to the patient on inspiration. 
D) The device provides 80% relative humidity at body temperature.

Question 3

Heat-moisture exchangers (HMEs) are mainly used to do what?

Accepted Answer

A) warm and humidify gases delivered to the trachea via ventilator circuits 
B) humidify therapeutic gases delivered at high flows to the lower airway 
C) provide extra humidity for a patient with thick or retained secretions 
D) warm and humidify dry therapeutic gases delivered to the upper airway 
A) warm and humidify gases delivered to the trachea via ventilator circuits 
B) humidify therapeutic gases delivered at high flows to the lower airway 
C) provide extra humidity for a patient with thick or retained secretions 
D) warm and humidify dry therapeutic gases delivered to the upper airway

Question 4

What are some problems common to mist tents?
I.heat retention
II.CO2 buildup
III.hypothermia

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I and III 
A) I, II, and III 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I and III

Question 5

All of the following are potential hazards of using heat-moisture exchangers except:

Accepted Answer

A) failure of low-pressure alarms to detect disconnection 
B) underhydration or impaction of secretions 
C) hypoventilation due to increased dead space 
D) unintended tracheal lavage from condensate 
A) failure of low-pressure alarms to detect disconnection 
B) underhydration or impaction of secretions 
C) hypoventilation due to increased dead space 
D) unintended tracheal lavage from condensate

Question 6

The risk of overhydration with continuous delivery of bland water aerosols is greatest among which patient group?
I.patients with fluid or electrolyte imbalances
II.patients with fever and infection
III.infants and small children

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I and III 
A) I, II, and III 
B) I and II 
C) II and III 
D) I and III

Question 7

In checking a servo-controlled heated-wire humidifier system, you notice that a few drops of condensate tend to form but only near the patient's airway. Based on this observation, what can you conclude?

Accepted Answer

A) The gas at the airway is fully saturated. 
B) The temperature setting of the heater is too high. 
C) The airway temperature exceeds the dew point. 
D) The temperature setting of the heater is too low. 
A) The gas at the airway is fully saturated. 
B) The temperature setting of the heater is too high. 
C) The airway temperature exceeds the dew point. 
D) The temperature setting of the heater is too low.

Question 8

All of the following are true regarding large-volume jet nebulizers except:

Accepted Answer

A) A variable air-entrainment port allows air mixing and different FIO2 values. 
B) Liquid particles are generated by mechanical vibration energy. 
C) They are pneumatically powered and attach directly to a flowmeter. 
D) Baffling causes impaction or removal of large, unstable particles. 
A) A variable air-entrainment port allows air mixing and different FIO2 values. 
B) Liquid particles are generated by mechanical vibration energy. 
C) They are pneumatically powered and attach directly to a flowmeter. 
D) Baffling causes impaction or removal of large, unstable particles.

Question 9

What should happen when the remote temperature sensor of a heated humidifier becomes disconnected or fails?
I.	Power to the heater should be interrupted.
II.	Auditory and visual alarms should trigger.
III.	The unit’s outlet valve should lock closed.

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) II and III 
C) I and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 10

Which of the following measures can help to ensure a good sputum sample?

Accepted Answer

A) using an ultrasonic nebulizer instead of a jet nebulizer 
B) using a 5% saline solution instead of a 3% concentration 
C) having the patient rinse the mouth or blow the nose before induction 
D) using the lowest possible aerosol density (high flow and low output) 
A) using an ultrasonic nebulizer instead of a jet nebulizer 
B) using a 5% saline solution instead of a 3% concentration 
C) having the patient rinse the mouth or blow the nose before induction 
D) using the lowest possible aerosol density (high flow and low output)

Question 11

Which of the following inspired conditions should be maintained when delivering medical gases to the nose or mouth?

Accepted Answer

A) 50% relative humidity (RH) at 20° to 22° C 
B) 100% RH at 20° to 22° C 
C) 80% RH at 28° to 32° C 
D) 100% RH at 32° to 35° C 
A) 50% relative humidity (RH) at 20° to 22° C 
B) 100% RH at 20° to 22° C 
C) 80% RH at 28° to 32° C 
D) 100% RH at 32° to 35° C

Question 12

When using water traps to help minimize the problems caused by condensation in a heated humidifier ventilator circuit, where would you place the traps?

Accepted Answer

A) in the expiratory limb only, at a high point in the circuit 
B) in both the expiratory and inspiratory limbs, at high points in the circuit 
C) in the expiratory limb only, at a low point in the circuit 
D) in both the expiratory and inspiratory limbs, at low points in the circuit 
A) in the expiratory limb only, at a high point in the circuit 
B) in both the expiratory and inspiratory limbs, at high points in the circuit 
C) in the expiratory limb only, at a low point in the circuit 
D) in both the expiratory and inspiratory limbs, at low points in the circuit

Question 13

An ideal heat-moisture exchanger (HME) should have an efficiency rating of at least which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) 30% 
B) 50% 
C) 70% 
D) 90% 
A) 30% 
B) 50% 
C) 70% 
D) 90%

Question 14

Which type of humidifier "traps" the patient's body heat and expired water vapor to raise the humidity of inspired gas?

Accepted Answer

A) membrane 
B) bubble 
C) heat-moisture exchanger 
D) passover 
A) membrane 
B) bubble 
C) heat-moisture exchanger 
D) passover

Question 15

The greater the temperature of the gas, the:

Accepted Answer

A) more water vapor it can hold 
B) less water vapor it can hold 
C) less efficient the humidifier is 
D) more water vapor is lost 
A) more water vapor it can hold 
B) less water vapor it can hold 
C) less efficient the humidifier is 
D) more water vapor is lost

Question 16

Key considerations in selecting or recommending humidity or bland aerosol therapy for a patient include which of the following?
I.required gas flow
II.presence of an artificial tracheal airway
III.character of pulmonary secretions
IV.need for or duration of mechanical ventilation
V.presence of heat-moisture exchanger (HME) contraindications

Accepted Answer

A) II, III, and IV 
B) I, II, and III 
C) III, IV, and V 
D) I, II, III, IV, and V 
A) II, III, and IV 
B) I, II, and III 
C) III, IV, and V 
D) I, II, III, IV, and V

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the performance of a typical hygroscopic condenser HME?

Accepted Answer

A) 40 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 27 mg/L returned 
B) 40 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 20 mg/L returned 
C) 27 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 40 mg/L returned 
D) 44 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 37 mg/L returned 
A) 40 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 27 mg/L returned 
B) 40 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 20 mg/L returned 
C) 27 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 40 mg/L returned 
D) 44 mg/L water vapor exhaled; 37 mg/L returned

Question 18

For which of the following patients might you recommend bland aerosol therapy administration?
I.patient with upper airway edema
II.patient with a bypassed upper airway
III.patient who must provide a sputum specimen

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) II and III 
C) I and II 
D) I and III 
A) I, II, and III 
B) II and III 
C) I and II 
D) I and III

Question 19

For which of the following patients might you recommend bland aerosol therapy via an ultrasonic nebulizer (USN)?
I.patient with upper airway edema
II.patient with a bypassed upper airway
III.patient who must provide a sputum specimen

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) II and III 
C) II 
D) III 
A) I, II, and III 
B) II and III 
C) II 
D) III

Question 20

All of the following are potential hazards of using a heated humidifier during mechanical ventilation except:

Accepted Answer

A) aerosolization of condensate during disconnection 
B) underhydration or impaction of secretions 
C) hypoventilation due to increased dead space 
D) unintended tracheal lavage from condensate 
A) aerosolization of condensate during disconnection 
B) underhydration or impaction of secretions 
C) hypoventilation due to increased dead space 
D) unintended tracheal lavage from condensate

Exam 35: Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

How often should heat-moisture exchangers be inspected and replaced?

A heat-moisture exchangers has an efficiency rating of 80%. What does this mean?

Heat-moisture exchangers (HMEs) are mainly used to do what?

What are some problems common to mist tents? I.heat retention II.CO2 buildup III.hypothermia

All of the following are potential hazards of using heat-moisture exchangers except:

The risk of overhydration with continuous delivery of bland water aerosols is greatest among which patient group? I.patients with fluid or electrolyte imbalances II.patients with fever and infection III.infants and small children

In checking a servo-controlled heated-wire humidifier system, you notice that a few drops of condensate tend to form but only near the patient's airway. Based on this observation, what can you conclude?

All of the following are true regarding large-volume jet nebulizers except:

What should happen when the remote temperature sensor of a heated humidifier becomes disconnected or fails? I. Power to the heater should be interrupted. II. Auditory and visual alarms should trigger. III. The unit’s outlet valve should lock closed.

Which of the following measures can help to ensure a good sputum sample?

Which of the following inspired conditions should be maintained when delivering medical gases to the nose or mouth?

When using water traps to help minimize the problems caused by condensation in a heated humidifier ventilator circuit, where would you place the traps?

An ideal heat-moisture exchanger (HME) should have an efficiency rating of at least which of the following?

Which type of humidifier "traps" the patient's body heat and expired water vapor to raise the humidity of inspired gas?

The greater the temperature of the gas, the:

Which of the following best describes the performance of a typical hygroscopic condenser HME?

For which of the following patients might you recommend bland aerosol therapy administration? I.patient with upper airway edema II.patient with a bypassed upper airway III.patient who must provide a sputum specimen

For which of the following patients might you recommend bland aerosol therapy via an ultrasonic nebulizer (USN)? I.patient with upper airway edema II.patient with a bypassed upper airway III.patient who must provide a sputum specimen

All of the following are potential hazards of using a heated humidifier during mechanical ventilation except:

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

The Cardiovascular System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

What are some problems common to mist tents? I.heat retention II.CO₂ buildup III.hypothermia