Question 1

The semilunar (pulmonary and aortic) valves do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) cause almost the entire afterload for the ventricles 
B) consist of two half-moon or crescent-shaped cusps 
C) prevent arterial backflow during ventricular relaxation 
D) separate the ventricles from their arterial outflow tracts 
A) cause almost the entire afterload for the ventricles 
B) consist of two half-moon or crescent-shaped cusps 
C) prevent arterial backflow during ventricular relaxation 
D) separate the ventricles from their arterial outflow tracts

Question 2

What in essence is Frank-Starling's law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A) the greater the stretch, the stronger the contraction 
B) the less the afterload, the greater the ejection fraction 
C) describes the inverse relationship between diameter and resistance to flow 
D) curves show the hysteresis variations between systole and diastole 
A) the greater the stretch, the stronger the contraction 
B) the less the afterload, the greater the ejection fraction 
C) describes the inverse relationship between diameter and resistance to flow 
D) curves show the hysteresis variations between systole and diastole

Question 3

Which of the following are true of the force against which the left ventricle must pump?
I.referred to as left ventricular afterload
II.equivalent to systemic vascular resistance
III.helps to determine left ventricular stroke volume

Accepted Answer

A) I and III 
B) I and II 
C) I, II, and III 
D) II and III 
A) I and III 
B) I and II 
C) I, II, and III 
D) II and III

Question 4

Smooth muscle relaxation and vessel dilation are caused mainly by which of the following?
I.action of local metabolites
II.cholinergic stimulation
III.stimulation of $\beta$-adrenergic receptors

Accepted Answer

A) I and III 
B) II and III 
C) I and II 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and III 
B) II and III 
C) I and II 
D) I, II, and III

Question 5

Which of the following equations best portrays the factors determining mean arterial blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) mean arterial pressure = cardiac output / vascular resistance 
B) mean arterial pressure = cardiac output * vascular resistance 
C) mean arterial pressure = right atrial pressure - aortic pressure 
D) mean arterial pressure = vascular resistance / cardiac output 
A) mean arterial pressure = cardiac output / vascular resistance 
B) mean arterial pressure = cardiac output * vascular resistance 
C) mean arterial pressure = right atrial pressure - aortic pressure 
D) mean arterial pressure = vascular resistance / cardiac output

Question 6

What are the major branches of the left coronary artery?
I.anterior descending
II.circumflex
III.coronary sinus
IV.posterior descending

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) II and IV 
C) I and II 
D) II and III 
A) I, II, and III 
B) II and IV 
C) I and II 
D) II and III

Question 7

Given a stroke volume of 40 ml and an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 70 ml, what is the patient's ejection fraction (EF)?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.57 
B) 1.75 
C) 67 
D) 2800 
A) 0.57 
B) 1.75 
C) 67 
D) 2800

Question 8

Stoke volume can be calculated using which formula?

Accepted Answer

A) ejection fraction * heart rate 
B) end-diastolic volume - end-systolic volume 
C) ejection fraction * end-systolic volume 
D) cardiac output / end-diastolic volume 
A) ejection fraction * heart rate 
B) end-diastolic volume - end-systolic volume 
C) ejection fraction * end-systolic volume 
D) cardiac output / end-diastolic volume

Question 9

The cardiovascular system regulates perfusion mainly by altering which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) capacity and resistance of blood vessels 
B) rate of cardiac contractions 
C) strength of cardiac contractions 
D) volume of cardiac contractions 
A) capacity and resistance of blood vessels 
B) rate of cardiac contractions 
C) strength of cardiac contractions 
D) volume of cardiac contractions

Question 10

What are the major effects of peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased drive to breathe 
B) decreased production of erythropoietin 
C) vasoconstriction and increased heart rate 
D) vasodilation and increased stroke volume 
A) decreased drive to breathe 
B) decreased production of erythropoietin 
C) vasoconstriction and increased heart rate 
D) vasodilation and increased stroke volume

Question 11

Which of the following factors determine cardiac stroke volume?
I.ventricular preload
II.ventricular afterload
III.ventricular contractility

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and III 
D) I, II, and III

Question 12

Immediately following the P wave of the electrocardiogram, an A wave appears on both the left and right heart pressure graphs. This A wave corresponds to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) atrial contraction 
B) atrioventricular valve closure 
C) semilunar valve closure 
D) ventricular contraction 
A) atrial contraction 
B) atrioventricular valve closure 
C) semilunar valve closure 
D) ventricular contraction

Question 13

What is the primary function of local or intrinsic cardiovascular control mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A) alter local blood flow according to tissue needs 
B) alter the rate of cardiac contractions 
C) maintain a basal level of systemic vascular tone 
D) control the capacity of the venous reservoir 
A) alter local blood flow according to tissue needs 
B) alter the rate of cardiac contractions 
C) maintain a basal level of systemic vascular tone 
D) control the capacity of the venous reservoir

Question 14

What circulatory system is referred to as a low-pressure, low-resistance system?

Accepted Answer

A) left heart 
B) pulmonary vascular bed 
C) right heart 
D) systemic vascular bed 
A) left heart 
B) pulmonary vascular bed 
C) right heart 
D) systemic vascular bed

Question 15

What is a normal cardiac ejection fraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  $1 / 4$ 
B)  $1 / 3$ 
C)  $1 / 2$ 
D)  $2 / 3$ 
A)  $1 / 4$ 
B)  $1 / 3$ 
C)  $1 / 2$ 
D)  $2 / 3$

Question 16

Changes in the rate of cardiac contractions are affected primarily by changes in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) sympathetic or parasympathetic tone 
B) ventricular afterload 
C) ventricular contractility 
D) ventricular preload 
A) sympathetic or parasympathetic tone 
B) ventricular afterload 
C) ventricular contractility 
D) ventricular preload

Question 17

Significant loss of blood volume causes an increase in which of the following?
I.vascular tone
II.secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)III.heart rate

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) II and III 
C) I and III 
D) I and II 
A) I, II, and III 
B) II and III 
C) I and III 
D) I and II

Question 18

Variations in blood flow to the brain are governed primarily by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) central neural innervation 
B) circulation of humoral agents 
C) local metabolic control mechanisms 
D) local myogenic control mechanisms 
A) central neural innervation 
B) circulation of humoral agents 
C) local metabolic control mechanisms 
D) local myogenic control mechanisms

Question 19

Which of the following equations would you use to compute total peripheral resistance (CO = cardiac output)?

Accepted Answer

A) (mean aortic pressure * right atrial pressure) / CO 
B) (mean aortic pressure/right atrial pressure) *CO 
C) (mean aortic pressure - right atrial pressure) / CO 
D) (right atrial pressure - mean aortic pressure) / CO 
A) (mean aortic pressure * right atrial pressure) / CO 
B) (mean aortic pressure/right atrial pressure) *CO 
C) (mean aortic pressure - right atrial pressure) / CO 
D) (right atrial pressure - mean aortic pressure) / CO

Question 20

The semilunar valves close when which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) The pressures in the arteries exceed those in the ventricles. 
B) The pressures in the ventricles and arteries become equal. 
C) The pressures in the atria exceed those in the ventricles. 
D) The pressures in the ventricles exceed those in the atria. 
A) The pressures in the arteries exceed those in the ventricles. 
B) The pressures in the ventricles and arteries become equal. 
C) The pressures in the atria exceed those in the ventricles. 
D) The pressures in the ventricles exceed those in the atria.

Exam 9: The Cardiovascular System

The semilunar (pulmonary and aortic) valves do which of the following?

What in essence is Frank-Starling's law of the heart?

Which of the following are true of the force against which the left ventricle must pump? I.referred to as left ventricular afterload II.equivalent to systemic vascular resistance III.helps to determine left ventricular stroke volume

Smooth muscle relaxation and vessel dilation are caused mainly by which of the following? I.action of local metabolites II.cholinergic stimulation III.stimulation of β\betaβ -adrenergic receptors

Which of the following equations best portrays the factors determining mean arterial blood pressure?

What are the major branches of the left coronary artery? I.anterior descending II.circumflex III.coronary sinus IV.posterior descending

Given a stroke volume of 40 ml and an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 70 ml, what is the patient's ejection fraction (EF)?

Stoke volume can be calculated using which formula?

The cardiovascular system regulates perfusion mainly by altering which of the following?

What are the major effects of peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation?

Which of the following factors determine cardiac stroke volume? I.ventricular preload II.ventricular afterload III.ventricular contractility

Immediately following the P wave of the electrocardiogram, an A wave appears on both the left and right heart pressure graphs. This A wave corresponds to which of the following?

What is the primary function of local or intrinsic cardiovascular control mechanisms?

What circulatory system is referred to as a low-pressure, low-resistance system?

What is a normal cardiac ejection fraction?

Changes in the rate of cardiac contractions are affected primarily by changes in which of the following?

Significant loss of blood volume causes an increase in which of the following? I.vascular tone II.secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)III.heart rate

Variations in blood flow to the brain are governed primarily by which of the following?

Which of the following equations would you use to compute total peripheral resistance (CO = cardiac output)?

The semilunar valves close when which of the following occurs?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

Pleural Diseases

Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

Neuromuscular and Other Diseases of the Chest Wall

Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

Aerosol Drug Therapy

Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

Lung Expansion Therapy

Bronchial Hygiene Therapy

Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

Respiratory Care in Alternative Settings

Filters

Smooth muscle relaxation and vessel dilation are caused mainly by which of the following? I.action of local metabolites II.cholinergic stimulation III.stimulation of $\beta$ -adrenergic receptors