Question 1

Which of the following would have a negative impact on cardiac contractility?
I.acidosis
II.digitalis
III.hypoxia
IV.norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) II and IV 
C) IV only 
D) I and III 
A) I, II, and III 
B) II and IV 
C) IV only 
D) I and III

Question 2

Narrowing of the mitral valve (mitral stenosis) results in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) increased afterload on left ventricle 
B) increased preload on right ventricle 
C) increased pulmonary congestion 
D) systemic hypertension 
A) increased afterload on left ventricle 
B) increased preload on right ventricle 
C) increased pulmonary congestion 
D) systemic hypertension

Question 3

What makes it impossible for myocardium to go into tetany?

Accepted Answer

A) absolute refractory period 
B) automaticity 
C) cardiac myofibrils 
D) intercalated discs 
A) absolute refractory period 
B) automaticity 
C) cardiac myofibrils 
D) intercalated discs

Question 4

During the later stages of ventricular relaxation, the pressures in their chambers drop below those in the atria. This results in which of the following?
I.rapid drop in atrial pressures
II.opening of the atrioventricular valves
III.rapid ventricular filling
IV.V pressure wave

Accepted Answer

A) II and III 
B) I and II 
C) I, II, III, and IV 
D) II, III, and IV 
A) II and III 
B) I and II 
C) I, II, III, and IV 
D) II, III, and IV

Question 5

Opening of the semilunar valves occurs when which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) The pressures in the arteries exceed those in the ventricles. 
B) The pressures in the atria exceed those in the ventricles. 
C) The pressures in the ventricles exceed those in the aorta and pulmonary artery. 
D) The pressures in the ventricles exceed those in the atria. 
A) The pressures in the arteries exceed those in the ventricles. 
B) The pressures in the atria exceed those in the ventricles. 
C) The pressures in the ventricles exceed those in the aorta and pulmonary artery. 
D) The pressures in the ventricles exceed those in the atria.

Question 6

Variations in blood flow to the heart are governed primarily by which of the following?
I.local metabolic control mechanisms
II.local myogenic control mechanisms
III.central neural innervation

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) II and II 
C) I only 
D) I and III 
A) I, II, and III 
B) II and II 
C) I only 
D) I and III

Question 7

What does the Frank-Starling law of the heart state?

Accepted Answer

A) The less cardiac fibers stretch, the greater is the stroke volume. 
B) The more cardiac fibers stretch, the greater the stroke volume. 
C) The more cardiac fibers stretch, the greater the heart rate. 
D) The more cardiac fibers stretch, the less the stroke volume. 
A) The less cardiac fibers stretch, the greater is the stroke volume. 
B) The more cardiac fibers stretch, the greater the stroke volume. 
C) The more cardiac fibers stretch, the greater the heart rate. 
D) The more cardiac fibers stretch, the less the stroke volume.

Question 8

The mitral (bicuspid) valve does which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) prevents atrial backflow during ventricular contraction 
B) separates the right atrium and the left atrium 
C) separates the right atrium and the right ventricle 
D) separates the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery 
A) prevents atrial backflow during ventricular contraction 
B) separates the right atrium and the left atrium 
C) separates the right atrium and the right ventricle 
D) separates the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Question 9

Toward the end of systole, as repolarization starts (indicated by the T wave), the ventricles begin to relax. Which of the following will occur next?

Accepted Answer

A) rapid rise in ventricular pressures 
B) arterial pressures exceed ventricular pressures 
C) closure of the atrioventricular valves 
D) opening of semilunar valves 
A) rapid rise in ventricular pressures 
B) arterial pressures exceed ventricular pressures 
C) closure of the atrioventricular valves 
D) opening of semilunar valves

Question 10

What is the ability of myocardial tissue to propagate electrical impulses?

Accepted Answer

A) automaticity 
B) conductivity 
C) contractility 
D) excitability 
A) automaticity 
B) conductivity 
C) contractility 
D) excitability

Question 11

Which portion of the nervous system is mainly responsible for the central control of the blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A) higher brain centers 
B) parasympathetic nervous system 
C) somatic (voluntary) nervous system 
D) sympathetic nervous system 
A) higher brain centers 
B) parasympathetic nervous system 
C) somatic (voluntary) nervous system 
D) sympathetic nervous system

Question 12

During exercise, cardiac output increases dramatically, but mean arterial blood pressure rises very little. Why is this so?

Accepted Answer

A) Venules constrict, increasing vascular resistance. 
B) Arterioles dilate, decreasing vascular capacity. 
C) Arterioles constrict, increasing vascular resistance. 
D) Muscle vessels dilate, increasing vascular capacity. 
A) Venules constrict, increasing vascular resistance. 
B) Arterioles dilate, decreasing vascular capacity. 
C) Arterioles constrict, increasing vascular resistance. 
D) Muscle vessels dilate, increasing vascular capacity.

Question 13

What are the first arteries to branch off the ascending aorta?

Accepted Answer

A) brachiocephalic 
B) carotid 
C) coronary 
D) subclavian 
A) brachiocephalic 
B) carotid 
C) coronary 
D) subclavian

Question 14

Central, or extrinsic, control of the cardiovascular system occurs through the action of which of the following?
I.autonomic nervous system
II.circulating humoral agents
III.local metabolites

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) II and III 
C) III 
D) I and II 
A) I, II, and III 
B) II and III 
C) III 
D) I and II

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is equal to systemic resistance. 
B) Pulmonary vasculature is a high-pressure, high-resistance circulation. 
C) Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is less than PVR. 
D) SVR is normally approximately 10 times higher than PVR. 
A) Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is equal to systemic resistance. 
B) Pulmonary vasculature is a high-pressure, high-resistance circulation. 
C) Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is less than PVR. 
D) SVR is normally approximately 10 times higher than PVR.

Question 16

Most of the muscle mass of the heart is located in which chamber?

Accepted Answer

A) left atrium (L
A)  
B) left ventricle (LV) 
C) right atrium (R
A)  
D) right ventricle (RV) 
A) left atrium (L
A)  
B) left ventricle (LV) 
C) right atrium (R
A)  
D) right ventricle (RV)

Question 17

Mixing of venous blood with arterial blood (a right-to-left shunt) occurs normally because of which of the following?
I.congenital cardiac defects
II.bronchial venous drainage
III.thebesian venous drainage in the heart

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, and III 
B) II and III 
C) I only 
D) II only 
A) I, II, and III 
B) II and III 
C) I only 
D) II only

Question 18

Mean arterial blood pressure can be regulated by changing which of the following?
I.capacity of the circulatory system
II.effective volume of circulating blood
III.tone of the capacitance vessels (veins)

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) II 
C) I, II, and III 
D) III 
A) I and II 
B) II 
C) I, II, and III 
D) III

Question 19

What is the affect on the cardiovascular medullary centers when the cerebral carbon dioxide is low?

Accepted Answer

A) excitatory 
B) inhibitory 
C) no affect 
A) excitatory 
B) inhibitory 
C) no affect

Question 20

Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the total amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, or cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

A) blood pressure * SV 
B) rate * SV 
C) SV / rate 
D) SV * vascular resistance 
A) blood pressure * SV 
B) rate * SV 
C) SV / rate 
D) SV * vascular resistance

Exam 9: The Cardiovascular System

Which of the following would have a negative impact on cardiac contractility? I.acidosis II.digitalis III.hypoxia IV.norepinephrine

Narrowing of the mitral valve (mitral stenosis) results in which of the following?

What makes it impossible for myocardium to go into tetany?

During the later stages of ventricular relaxation, the pressures in their chambers drop below those in the atria. This results in which of the following? I.rapid drop in atrial pressures II.opening of the atrioventricular valves III.rapid ventricular filling IV.V pressure wave

Opening of the semilunar valves occurs when which of the following occurs?

Variations in blood flow to the heart are governed primarily by which of the following? I.local metabolic control mechanisms II.local myogenic control mechanisms III.central neural innervation

What does the Frank-Starling law of the heart state?

The mitral (bicuspid) valve does which of the following?

Toward the end of systole, as repolarization starts (indicated by the T wave), the ventricles begin to relax. Which of the following will occur next?

What is the ability of myocardial tissue to propagate electrical impulses?

Which portion of the nervous system is mainly responsible for the central control of the blood flow?

During exercise, cardiac output increases dramatically, but mean arterial blood pressure rises very little. Why is this so?

What are the first arteries to branch off the ascending aorta?

Central, or extrinsic, control of the cardiovascular system occurs through the action of which of the following? I.autonomic nervous system II.circulating humoral agents III.local metabolites

Which of the following statements is true?

Most of the muscle mass of the heart is located in which chamber?

Mixing of venous blood with arterial blood (a right-to-left shunt) occurs normally because of which of the following? I.congenital cardiac defects II.bronchial venous drainage III.thebesian venous drainage in the heart

Mean arterial blood pressure can be regulated by changing which of the following? I.capacity of the circulatory system II.effective volume of circulating blood III.tone of the capacitance vessels (veins)

What is the affect on the cardiovascular medullary centers when the cerebral carbon dioxide is low?

Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the total amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, or cardiac output?

History of Respiratory Care

Quality and Evidence-Based Respiratory Care

Patient Safety, Communication, and Record Keeping

Principles of Infection Control

Ethical and Legal Implications of Practice

Physical Principles of Respiratory Care

Computer Applications in Respiratory Care

The Respiratory System

Ventilation

Gas Exchange and Transport

Solutions, Body Fluids, and Electrolytes

Acid-Base Balance

Regulation of Breathing

Bedside Assessment of the Patient

Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data

Interpreting the Electrocardiogram

Analysis and Monitoring of Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Function Testing

A Review of Thoracic Imaging

Nutrition Assessment

Pulmonary Infections

Obstructive Lung Disease: Copd, Asthma, and Related Diseases

Interstitial Lung Disease

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Pulmonary Vascular Disease

Acute Lung Injury, Pulmonary Edema, and Multiple System Organ

Lung Cancer

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Disorders of Sleep

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Disorders

Airway Pharmacology

Airway Management

Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support

Humidity and Bland Aerosol Therapy

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Storage and Delivery of Medical Gases

Medical Gas Therapy

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Respiratory Failure and the Need for Ventilatory Support

Mechanical Ventilators

Physiology of Ventilatory Support

Initiating and Adjusting Ventilatory Support

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Monitoring and Management of the Patient in the Intensive Care Unit

Discontinuing Ventilatory Support

Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care

Patient Education and Health Promotion

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