Question 1

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The level of predation can be so intense that the prey can be driven to extinction. 
B)  Predation can stimulate the reproductive capacity of a prey species and can cause the abundance of that prey to increase. 
C)  The selective pressure caused by predation can alter the behavior of its prey. 
D)  The distribution of a predatory species can restrict the distribution of its prey. 
A)  The level of predation can be so intense that the prey can be driven to extinction. 
B)  Predation can stimulate the reproductive capacity of a prey species and can cause the abundance of that prey to increase. 
C)  The selective pressure caused by predation can alter the behavior of its prey. 
D)  The distribution of a predatory species can restrict the distribution of its prey.

Question 2

The original colonizing organisms in Hawaii came from other localities but currently show relatively little resemblance to these ancestors;why are the organisms that now live on Hawaii so different?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hawaii is a relatively young landmass,so evolution continues there,although it has ceased in most other places on Earth. 
B)  The organisms that live on Hawaii do not have predators,which allows them to evolve into a greater variety of life forms. 
C)  Through time,random evolutionary change led to speciation and produced the unique Hawaiian organisms observed today. 
D)  Community interactions are the most influential force in the evolution of organisms;the communities on Hawaii were different from those of the initial colonists. 
A)  Hawaii is a relatively young landmass,so evolution continues there,although it has ceased in most other places on Earth. 
B)  The organisms that live on Hawaii do not have predators,which allows them to evolve into a greater variety of life forms. 
C)  Through time,random evolutionary change led to speciation and produced the unique Hawaiian organisms observed today. 
D)  Community interactions are the most influential force in the evolution of organisms;the communities on Hawaii were different from those of the initial colonists.

Question 3

Antibiotic therapy sometimes reduces the population of gut-inhabiting microorganisms.Bloating and diarrhea often follow until the populations reestablish themselves.This observation suggests that these microorganisms participate in a(n)________ relationship with humans.

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive 
B)  exploitative 
C)  mutualistic 
D)  pathogenic 
A)  competitive 
B)  exploitative 
C)  mutualistic 
D)  pathogenic

Question 4

Examine the following graph;what best describes the cycling that each population experiences?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lynx populations decrease in size when hare populations increase in size;hares are the superior competitors. 
B)  Lynx populations increase in size when hare populations decrease in size;lynx are the superior competitors. 
C)  Lynx populations decrease in size when hare populations decrease in size;lynx are exploiting the hare population. 
D)  The increase and decrease of each species is driven by oscillating density-independent factors,but since they share the same habitat,the cycles coincide. 
A)  Lynx populations decrease in size when hare populations increase in size;hares are the superior competitors. 
B)  Lynx populations increase in size when hare populations decrease in size;lynx are the superior competitors. 
C)  Lynx populations decrease in size when hare populations decrease in size;lynx are exploiting the hare population. 
D)  The increase and decrease of each species is driven by oscillating density-independent factors,but since they share the same habitat,the cycles coincide.

Question 5

In seed-dispersal mutualism,plants produce ________ to entice consumers to disperse the plant's seeds.

Accepted Answer

A)  attractive aromas 
B)  fleshy fruits 
C)  edible pollen 
D)  nectar 
A)  attractive aromas 
B)  fleshy fruits 
C)  edible pollen 
D)  nectar

Question 6

Pollinators ingest seeds at the flowers they visit,carry those seeds in their digestive tracts,and later deposit them far from the plant that they fed on.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

All natural communities consist of an equivalent number of species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The removal of a keystone species from a community usually results in

Accepted Answer

A)  the death of all other community members. 
B)  the disappearance of that community. 
C)  substantial changes in the abundance of many species. 
D)  minor changes,if any. 
A)  the death of all other community members. 
B)  the disappearance of that community. 
C)  substantial changes in the abundance of many species. 
D)  minor changes,if any.

Question 9

Which of the following patterns represents the outcome of a parasitic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  +/- 
B)  +/+ 
C)  o/+ 
D)  -/- 
A)  +/- 
B)  +/+ 
C)  o/+ 
D)  -/-

Question 10

Flies belonging to the family Phoridae inject their eggs into fire ants.The larva that subsequently hatches feeds on the ant until it pupates.The larva would be best described as a

Accepted Answer

A)  parasite. 
B)  gut mutualist. 
C)  predator. 
D)  pathogen. 
A)  parasite. 
B)  gut mutualist. 
C)  predator. 
D)  pathogen.

Question 11

Black oak trees are one of the earliest colonists after bare sand dunes are created.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Communities always recover quickly from disturbances caused by humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following patterns represents a competitive interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  +/- 
B)  +/+ 
C)  o/+ 
D)  -/- 
A)  +/- 
B)  +/+ 
C)  o/+ 
D)  -/-

Question 14

Follicle mites live in the hair follicles of human skin.They feed on single cells but do little if any harm to the human;the mite has a stable place to live and reproduce.This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Follicle mites live in the hair follicles...

Question 15

If a bird eats a monarch butterfly,the bird will vomit.Monarchs are brightly colored.This example demonstrates ________ coloration.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a bird eats a monarch butterfly,the...

Question 16

Humans negatively affect communities in a variety of ways;the community most common disrupted,usually by its complete removal,are ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Humans negatively affect communities in a variety...

Question 17

Do humans exhibit any mutualistic relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  No;humans can only develop parasitic relationships with other organisms. 
B)  Yes;humans host disease pathogens that limit population growth and overcrowding. 
C)  Yes;in the absence of technology,humans quickly become prey for other predators. 
D)  Yes;humans host beneficial bacteria within our digestive systems. 
A)  No;humans can only develop parasitic relationships with other organisms. 
B)  Yes;humans host disease pathogens that limit population growth and overcrowding. 
C)  Yes;in the absence of technology,humans quickly become prey for other predators. 
D)  Yes;humans host beneficial bacteria within our digestive systems.

Question 18

What statement summarizes the outcomes of a parasitic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the parasite and the host benefit. 
B)  Only the parasite benefits;the host is harmed. 
C)  Only the host benefits;the parasite is harmed. 
D)  Both the parasite and the host are harmed. 
A)  Both the parasite and the host benefit. 
B)  Only the parasite benefits;the host is harmed. 
C)  Only the host benefits;the parasite is harmed. 
D)  Both the parasite and the host are harmed.

Question 19

Relationships between different species often involve energy or lifestyle compromises.What best describes the compromises,if any,seen in mutualism?

Accepted Answer

A)  no compromises to either organism 
B)  fatal to at least one of the organisms 
C)  a compromise (for example,dietary restriction)to one organism but not the other 
D)  slight compromises (for example,habitat restriction)to both organisms 
A)  no compromises to either organism 
B)  fatal to at least one of the organisms 
C)  a compromise (for example,dietary restriction)to one organism but not the other 
D)  slight compromises (for example,habitat restriction)to both organisms

Question 20

Anthropogenic,or human-caused,changes to ecological communities typically

Accepted Answer

A)  improve those habitats for other organisms. 
B)  cause long-term damage and reduce the complexity of existing communities. 
C)  do not influence the natural interactions between organisms. 
D)  generally increase the diversity of life on Earth. 
A)  improve those habitats for other organisms. 
B)  cause long-term damage and reduce the complexity of existing communities. 
C)  do not influence the natural interactions between organisms. 
D)  generally increase the diversity of life on Earth.

Exam 23: Ecological Communities

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The original colonizing organisms in Hawaii came from other localities but currently show relatively little resemblance to these ancestors;why are the organisms that now live on Hawaii so different?

Antibiotic therapy sometimes reduces the population of gut-inhabiting microorganisms.Bloating and diarrhea often follow until the populations reestablish themselves.This observation suggests that these microorganisms participate in a(n)________ relationship with humans.

Examine the following graph;what best describes the cycling that each population experiences?

In seed-dispersal mutualism,plants produce ________ to entice consumers to disperse the plant's seeds.

Pollinators ingest seeds at the flowers they visit,carry those seeds in their digestive tracts,and later deposit them far from the plant that they fed on.

All natural communities consist of an equivalent number of species.

The removal of a keystone species from a community usually results in

Which of the following patterns represents the outcome of a parasitic relationship?

Flies belonging to the family Phoridae inject their eggs into fire ants.The larva that subsequently hatches feeds on the ant until it pupates.The larva would be best described as a

Black oak trees are one of the earliest colonists after bare sand dunes are created.

Communities always recover quickly from disturbances caused by humans.

Which of the following patterns represents a competitive interaction?

Follicle mites live in the hair follicles of human skin.They feed on single cells but do little if any harm to the human;the mite has a stable place to live and reproduce.This is an example of ________.

If a bird eats a monarch butterfly,the bird will vomit.Monarchs are brightly colored.This example demonstrates ________ coloration.

Humans negatively affect communities in a variety of ways;the community most common disrupted,usually by its complete removal,are ________.

Do humans exhibit any mutualistic relationships?

What statement summarizes the outcomes of a parasitic relationship?

Relationships between different species often involve energy or lifestyle compromises.What best describes the compromises,if any,seen in mutualism?

Anthropogenic,or human-caused,changes to ecological communities typically

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

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