Question 1

Snakes can often be found resting on asphalt highways at dusk;what biological factor motivates them to engage in this behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ectothermy-a snake's body temperature will match the environment;rocks and asphalt cool more slowly than the surrounding ground. 
B)  Predation-as higher-level consumers,snakes need to hunt continuously and are more successful on the smooth surface of a roadbed at night. 
C)  Camouflage-the background color of asphalt makes detection by owls and other nocturnal predators difficult. 
D)  Mating-locating compatible mates can be difficult among the grasses,brush,and shrubs of typical snake habitat. 
A)  Ectothermy-a snake's body temperature will match the environment;rocks and asphalt cool more slowly than the surrounding ground. 
B)  Predation-as higher-level consumers,snakes need to hunt continuously and are more successful on the smooth surface of a roadbed at night. 
C)  Camouflage-the background color of asphalt makes detection by owls and other nocturnal predators difficult. 
D)  Mating-locating compatible mates can be difficult among the grasses,brush,and shrubs of typical snake habitat.

Question 2

During the algal blooms called red tides,consumption of bivalves is discouraged and harvesting may be prohibited;what aspect of bivalve life history is responsible for this association?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bivalves live along coastlines and are exposed to the same pollutants that cause red tides. 
B)  Red tides reduce the populations of bivalves below critical quantities needed by their natural predators. 
C)  Bivalves filter algae and detritus from the water,causing them to concentrate the algal toxins. 
D)  Bivalves are the natural bioremediators for red tides;harvesting them prolongs the bloom. 
A)  Bivalves live along coastlines and are exposed to the same pollutants that cause red tides. 
B)  Red tides reduce the populations of bivalves below critical quantities needed by their natural predators. 
C)  Bivalves filter algae and detritus from the water,causing them to concentrate the algal toxins. 
D)  Bivalves are the natural bioremediators for red tides;harvesting them prolongs the bloom.

Question 3

Adult sea stars are considered to be radially symmetrical because

Accepted Answer

A)  their closest relatives are the radially symmetrical chordates. 
B)  at least five dissection planes (one through each arm)exist. 
C)  they have distinct dorsal and ventral surfaces. 
D)  they lack a notocord. 
A)  their closest relatives are the radially symmetrical chordates. 
B)  at least five dissection planes (one through each arm)exist. 
C)  they have distinct dorsal and ventral surfaces. 
D)  they lack a notocord.

Question 4

Which mollusk is properly matched with the correct class?

Accepted Answer

A)  common garden slug-gastropod 
B)  nautilus-bivalve 
C)  scallop-gastropod 
D)  nudibranch-cephalopod 
A)  common garden slug-gastropod 
B)  nautilus-bivalve 
C)  scallop-gastropod 
D)  nudibranch-cephalopod

Question 5

Although some exceptions exist,the majority of mollusks are protected within a shell that is secreted by the animal's ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although some exceptions exist,the majority of mollusks...

Question 6

Which arthropod is properly matched with the correct class?

Accepted Answer

A)  spider-insects 
B)  scorpion-crustacean 
C)  grasshopper-arachnids 
D)  centipede-myriapods 
A)  spider-insects 
B)  scorpion-crustacean 
C)  grasshopper-arachnids 
D)  centipede-myriapods

Question 7

Fruit flies,blow flies,and black flies share a similar life history strategy;they first appear as larvae (commonly known as maggots),pupate,and eventually emerge as adult flies.This type of development is called

Accepted Answer

A)  incomplete metamorphosis. 
B)  complete metamorphosis. 
C)  somatic differentiation. 
D)  hermaphroditic development. 
A)  incomplete metamorphosis. 
B)  complete metamorphosis. 
C)  somatic differentiation. 
D)  hermaphroditic development.

Question 8

The evolutionary tree of the vertebrates supports which conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  The blacktip reef shark,Carcharhinus melanopterus,evolved before any mammals existed. 
B)  The DNA of humans and turtles will show more similarities than any comparison involving any fish or amphibian. 
C)  The embryos of fish,amphibians,and reptiles would be indistinguishable from those of a human. 
D)  The genes responsible for milk production in mammals are the same as those responsible for yolk formation in the amniotic egg of reptiles and birds. 
A)  The blacktip reef shark,Carcharhinus melanopterus,evolved before any mammals existed. 
B)  The DNA of humans and turtles will show more similarities than any comparison involving any fish or amphibian. 
C)  The embryos of fish,amphibians,and reptiles would be indistinguishable from those of a human. 
D)  The genes responsible for milk production in mammals are the same as those responsible for yolk formation in the amniotic egg of reptiles and birds.

Question 9

The swim bladder illustrates how an adapted characteristic can be used for a secondary function when environmental pressures change;although first used for buoyancy,it later served as a primitive ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The swim bladder illustrates how an adapted...

Question 10

Relationships among the animals having body cavities can be easily determined by examination of embryonic development;vertebrates and echinoderms are grouped together because in each group,the

Accepted Answer

A)  infolding that forms the body cavity eventually becomes the anus. 
B)  zygote divides repeatedly to become a blastula. 
C)  death of specific cells creates the internal hollow that eventually becomes the body cavity. 
D)  embryonic coelom is lined with mesodermal tissues. 
A)  infolding that forms the body cavity eventually becomes the anus. 
B)  zygote divides repeatedly to become a blastula. 
C)  death of specific cells creates the internal hollow that eventually becomes the body cavity. 
D)  embryonic coelom is lined with mesodermal tissues.

Question 11

Mammals are classified as endothermic homeotherms;if exposed to hot or cold temperatures,their body temperature will remain relatively stable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Although adult echinoderms display radial symmetry,they are not considered closely related to the cnidarians and ctenophores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Sponge choanocytes collect food particles,but there is no food distribution system within a sponge;how might surface cells receive nourishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do not;surface cells die and are regularly replaced by cell division of nourished choanocytes. 
B)  Nutrients must diffuse from the choanocytes to surface cells. 
C)  Amoebocytes transfer food from the choanocytes to the nonfeeding cells. 
D)  Nutrient-rich choanocytes periodically fuse with nonfeeding cells,transferring nutrients as the cytoplasm mixes. 
A)  They do not;surface cells die and are regularly replaced by cell division of nourished choanocytes. 
B)  Nutrients must diffuse from the choanocytes to surface cells. 
C)  Amoebocytes transfer food from the choanocytes to the nonfeeding cells. 
D)  Nutrient-rich choanocytes periodically fuse with nonfeeding cells,transferring nutrients as the cytoplasm mixes.

Question 14

The periodic cicadas start life as a fertilized egg,hatch to become a nymph that burrows underground for 13 or 17 years,emerge as a nymph,and molt to become an adult.Which term best describes this life cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ametamophic-a life cycle in which metamorphosis does not occur 
B)  Gradual metamorphosis-the newly hatched insect has all adult characteristics but is very small;each molt results in a slightly larger individual. 
C)  Incomplete metamorphosis-the larval and pupa stages are absent. 
D)  Complete metamorphosis 
A)  Ametamophic-a life cycle in which metamorphosis does not occur 
B)  Gradual metamorphosis-the newly hatched insect has all adult characteristics but is very small;each molt results in a slightly larger individual. 
C)  Incomplete metamorphosis-the larval and pupa stages are absent. 
D)  Complete metamorphosis

Question 15

The similarity in the cell-adhesion proteins seen in many animal embryos and the colonial choanoflagellates is most reasonably explained as a shared trait and indicates kinship with that group of protists.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Modern sponges produce spicules to deter predation,but as the earliest animals,they existed before any predators evolved;which of the following hypotheses regarding the formation of spicules is the least likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spicules were probably absent in the earliest sponges and evolved later as predation began. 
B)  Spicules performed other tasks in early sponges,possibly structural support,and were later modified for defense. 
C)  Spicules were present in some sponge species and absent in others;predation became a selection pressure that eliminated some species entirely. 
D)  Much like the acquisition of cnidocytes by nudibranchs,some sponges incorporated the spicules they consume into their bodies rather than digesting them. 
A)  Spicules were probably absent in the earliest sponges and evolved later as predation began. 
B)  Spicules performed other tasks in early sponges,possibly structural support,and were later modified for defense. 
C)  Spicules were present in some sponge species and absent in others;predation became a selection pressure that eliminated some species entirely. 
D)  Much like the acquisition of cnidocytes by nudibranchs,some sponges incorporated the spicules they consume into their bodies rather than digesting them.

Question 17

How do biologists interpret the pattern of species richness shown in the following illustration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insects are the easiest organisms to collect and have been the most thoroughly evaluated. 
B)  The basic insect body plan is highly adaptive,allowing insects to occupy an extremely large number of niches and habitats. 
C)  Insects are less susceptible to the factors causing losses of biodiversity;other organisms were once proportionately more abundant. 
D)  Small organisms require less resources and are proportionately more diverse;as the smallest organisms,insects display the greatest species richness. 
A)  Insects are the easiest organisms to collect and have been the most thoroughly evaluated. 
B)  The basic insect body plan is highly adaptive,allowing insects to occupy an extremely large number of niches and habitats. 
C)  Insects are less susceptible to the factors causing losses of biodiversity;other organisms were once proportionately more abundant. 
D)  Small organisms require less resources and are proportionately more diverse;as the smallest organisms,insects display the greatest species richness.

Question 18

Which of the following investigations would be the LEAST likely to provide useful information about the relationships within the kingdom Animalia?

Accepted Answer

A)  which developmental sequences occur during embryonic growth 
B)  an examination of the construction of the cell membrane 
C)  a comparative examination of the proteins used in photosynthesis 
D)  in what way various organs and organ systems have become modified over time 
A)  which developmental sequences occur during embryonic growth 
B)  an examination of the construction of the cell membrane 
C)  a comparative examination of the proteins used in photosynthesis 
D)  in what way various organs and organ systems have become modified over time

Question 19

With the exception of the sponges,all animals develop embryologically in one of two ways;the chordates and echinoderms,as deuterostomes,

Accepted Answer

A)  are the only radially symmetric groups. 
B)  are the only bilaterally symmetric groups. 
C)  derive the anus from the blastopore. 
D)  derive the mouth from the blastopore. 
A)  are the only radially symmetric groups. 
B)  are the only bilaterally symmetric groups. 
C)  derive the anus from the blastopore. 
D)  derive the mouth from the blastopore.

Question 20

What feature identifies the animal shown in the following diagram as an insect?

Accepted Answer

A)  two body sections-a head and abdomen 
B)  three pairs of legs all originating from the thorax 
C)  the presence of an exoskeleton containing chitin 
D)  the presence of antennae 
A)  two body sections-a head and abdomen 
B)  three pairs of legs all originating from the thorax 
C)  the presence of an exoskeleton containing chitin 
D)  the presence of antennae

Exam 19: Animalia

Snakes can often be found resting on asphalt highways at dusk;what biological factor motivates them to engage in this behavior?

During the algal blooms called red tides,consumption of bivalves is discouraged and harvesting may be prohibited;what aspect of bivalve life history is responsible for this association?

Adult sea stars are considered to be radially symmetrical because

Which mollusk is properly matched with the correct class?

Although some exceptions exist,the majority of mollusks are protected within a shell that is secreted by the animal's ________.

Which arthropod is properly matched with the correct class?

Fruit flies,blow flies,and black flies share a similar life history strategy;they first appear as larvae (commonly known as maggots),pupate,and eventually emerge as adult flies.This type of development is called

The evolutionary tree of the vertebrates supports which conclusion?

The swim bladder illustrates how an adapted characteristic can be used for a secondary function when environmental pressures change;although first used for buoyancy,it later served as a primitive ________.

Relationships among the animals having body cavities can be easily determined by examination of embryonic development;vertebrates and echinoderms are grouped together because in each group,the

Mammals are classified as endothermic homeotherms;if exposed to hot or cold temperatures,their body temperature will remain relatively stable.

Although adult echinoderms display radial symmetry,they are not considered closely related to the cnidarians and ctenophores.

Sponge choanocytes collect food particles,but there is no food distribution system within a sponge;how might surface cells receive nourishment?

The periodic cicadas start life as a fertilized egg,hatch to become a nymph that burrows underground for 13 or 17 years,emerge as a nymph,and molt to become an adult.Which term best describes this life cycle?

The similarity in the cell-adhesion proteins seen in many animal embryos and the colonial choanoflagellates is most reasonably explained as a shared trait and indicates kinship with that group of protists.

Modern sponges produce spicules to deter predation,but as the earliest animals,they existed before any predators evolved;which of the following hypotheses regarding the formation of spicules is the least likely?

How do biologists interpret the pattern of species richness shown in the following illustration?

Which of the following investigations would be the LEAST likely to provide useful information about the relationships within the kingdom Animalia?

With the exception of the sponges,all animals develop embryologically in one of two ways;the chordates and echinoderms,as deuterostomes,

What feature identifies the animal shown in the following diagram as an insect?

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Cancer and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA and Genes

From Gene to Protein

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

The Origin of Species

The Evolution of Biodiversity

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Animal Behavior

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons,Muscles,and Movement

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

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