Question 1

The first amino acid in most proteins is methionine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

If a eukaryotic protein is to function properly,the initial mRNA carrying the code for its structure must be processed to remove its ________.Then,before translation occurs,the joining together of the remaining sequences of mRNA,the ________,must be accomplished.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a eukaryotic protein is to function...

Question 3

Each set of three bases in an mRNA molecule codes for one of 20 specific

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA molecules. 
B)  nucleotides. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  proteins. 
A)  rRNA molecules. 
B)  nucleotides. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  proteins.

Question 4

Each tRNA molecule can bind with up to three codons,but carries only one specific ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each tRNA molecule can bind with up...

Question 5

The process depicted in the following figure takes place in

Accepted Answer

A)  prokaryotic cells. 
B)  eukaryotic cells. 
C)  both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 
D)  all cells involved in protein production. 
A)  prokaryotic cells. 
B)  eukaryotic cells. 
C)  both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 
D)  all cells involved in protein production.

Question 6

Consider a build-at-home bookshelf that comes with instructions and various pieces of wood as an analogy for translation.In this analogy,what would best match the job of the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  the instructions 
B)  the person building the bookshelf 
C)  the pieces of wood 
D)  the bookshelf 
A)  the instructions 
B)  the person building the bookshelf 
C)  the pieces of wood 
D)  the bookshelf

Question 7

DNA replication involves the copying of the entire chromosome;in contrast,just a small portion of a chromosome is copied in the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of DNA replication involves the copying of the...

Question 8

Changing even a few bases in a molecule of DNA always adversely affects the protein product.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Bacteria and humans use the same DNA components,and both kinds of cells also perform transcription and translation.Which of the following choices is a potentially significant outcome of this shared mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria are able to transcribe and translate human DNA;thus,they potentially could produce human proteins. 
B)  Bacteria are able to transcribe and translate human DNA;thus,they could evolve into humans. 
C)  Bacterial and human proteins are identical in amino acid sequence because the mechanism for producing them is the same. 
D)  Bacterial and human DNA are identical in sequence because the method for producing them is the same. 
A)  Bacteria are able to transcribe and translate human DNA;thus,they potentially could produce human proteins. 
B)  Bacteria are able to transcribe and translate human DNA;thus,they could evolve into humans. 
C)  Bacterial and human proteins are identical in amino acid sequence because the mechanism for producing them is the same. 
D)  Bacterial and human DNA are identical in sequence because the method for producing them is the same.

Question 10

Bisphenol A (BPA)has been shown to shut down the Kcc2 gene in rodents,a gene necessary for the proper development of the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A human-made chemical that is found in hard plastics,CDs,DVDs,shower curtains,and many other products,and that has been accused of having a variety of harmful effects like obesity and cancer is ________.

Accepted Answer

bisphenol

Question 12

The order of the bases in DNA determines the order of the

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids in DNA. 
B)  bases in a protein. 
C)  amino acids in mRNA. 
D)  bases in mRNA. 
A)  amino acids in DNA. 
B)  bases in a protein. 
C)  amino acids in mRNA. 
D)  bases in mRNA.

Question 13

A chemical that causes the formation of covalent bonds between adenines and thymines on opposite DNA strands is added to a cell in such a way that the bonds between the nucleotides cannot be broken.How does this drug affect gene expression in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  The chemical increases the efficiency of protein production by making it easier for tRNA to interact with the correct mRNA codons. 
B)  The chemical prevents transcription from occurring so that proteins cannot be made. 
C)  The chemical prevents protein production because once made,the RNA cannot separate from its DNA template. 
D)  The chemical has no effect on protein production because mRNA contains uracil rather than thymine. 
A)  The chemical increases the efficiency of protein production by making it easier for tRNA to interact with the correct mRNA codons. 
B)  The chemical prevents transcription from occurring so that proteins cannot be made. 
C)  The chemical prevents protein production because once made,the RNA cannot separate from its DNA template. 
D)  The chemical has no effect on protein production because mRNA contains uracil rather than thymine.

Question 14

The three-dimensional structure of the protein encoded by a single mRNA molecule varies,but whatever the shape,the overall function of that protein does not change.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

How does a molecule of RNA polymerase "know" which of the two strands of DNA it should use as a template strand?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase recognizes the start codon. 
B)  RNA polymerase binds to the promoter in a specific orientation that determines which DNA strand it will be able to "read." 
C)  The ribosome binds to the promoter in a specific orientation that determines which DNA strand it will be able to "read." 
D)  RNA polymerase binds randomly to one strand or the other,so that roughly half of its attachments to DNA result in the production of the correct mRNA. 
A)  RNA polymerase recognizes the start codon. 
B)  RNA polymerase binds to the promoter in a specific orientation that determines which DNA strand it will be able to "read." 
C)  The ribosome binds to the promoter in a specific orientation that determines which DNA strand it will be able to "read." 
D)  RNA polymerase binds randomly to one strand or the other,so that roughly half of its attachments to DNA result in the production of the correct mRNA.

Question 16

A gene affects an organism's phenotype by controlling

Accepted Answer

A)  protein production. 
B)  the mutation rate. 
C)  the organism's environment. 
D)  the organism's ribosomes. 
A)  protein production. 
B)  the mutation rate. 
C)  the organism's environment. 
D)  the organism's ribosomes.

Question 17

The position of the start codon is important because every molecule of mRNA can be read by a ribosome in three different ways.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If a molecule of mRNA is a sentence,its bases are the letters and the codons are the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a molecule of mRNA is a...

Question 19

The specific type of nucleic acid found in ribosomes,which are important in protein synthesis,is ________.

Accepted Answer

ribosomal

Question 20

A tRNA molecule produced in a laboratory has the anticodon for the amino acid serine,but carries the amino acid leucine.When it reaches the serine codon on a molecule of mRNA where translation is under way,what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will not bind with the codon on the mRNA molecule. 
B)  A potentially dysfunctional protein will result. 
C)  A proofreading enzyme will change leucine to serine. 
D)  Translation will stop. 
A)  It will not bind with the codon on the mRNA molecule. 
B)  A potentially dysfunctional protein will result. 
C)  A proofreading enzyme will change leucine to serine. 
D)  Translation will stop.

Exam 12: From Gene to Protein

The first amino acid in most proteins is methionine.

If a eukaryotic protein is to function properly,the initial mRNA carrying the code for its structure must be processed to remove its ________.Then,before translation occurs,the joining together of the remaining sequences of mRNA,the ________,must be accomplished.

Each set of three bases in an mRNA molecule codes for one of 20 specific

Each tRNA molecule can bind with up to three codons,but carries only one specific ________.

The process depicted in the following figure takes place in

Consider a build-at-home bookshelf that comes with instructions and various pieces of wood as an analogy for translation.In this analogy,what would best match the job of the ribosome?

DNA replication involves the copying of the entire chromosome;in contrast,just a small portion of a chromosome is copied in the process of ________.

Changing even a few bases in a molecule of DNA always adversely affects the protein product.

Bacteria and humans use the same DNA components,and both kinds of cells also perform transcription and translation.Which of the following choices is a potentially significant outcome of this shared mechanism?

Bisphenol A (BPA)has been shown to shut down the Kcc2 gene in rodents,a gene necessary for the proper development of the central nervous system.

A human-made chemical that is found in hard plastics,CDs,DVDs,shower curtains,and many other products,and that has been accused of having a variety of harmful effects like obesity and cancer is ________.

The order of the bases in DNA determines the order of the

A chemical that causes the formation of covalent bonds between adenines and thymines on opposite DNA strands is added to a cell in such a way that the bonds between the nucleotides cannot be broken.How does this drug affect gene expression in the cell?

The three-dimensional structure of the protein encoded by a single mRNA molecule varies,but whatever the shape,the overall function of that protein does not change.

How does a molecule of RNA polymerase "know" which of the two strands of DNA it should use as a template strand?

A gene affects an organism's phenotype by controlling

The position of the start codon is important because every molecule of mRNA can be read by a ribosome in three different ways.

If a molecule of mRNA is a sentence,its bases are the letters and the codons are the ________.

The specific type of nucleic acid found in ribosomes,which are important in protein synthesis,is ________.

A tRNA molecule produced in a laboratory has the anticodon for the amino acid serine,but carries the amino acid leucine.When it reaches the serine codon on a molecule of mRNA where translation is under way,what is the most likely outcome?

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Cancer and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA and Genes

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

The Origin of Species

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Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Biosphere

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Animal Behavior

Ecological Communities

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Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

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Animal Hormones

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Skeletons,Muscles,and Movement

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

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If a eukaryotic protein is to function properly,the initial mRNA carrying the code for its structure must be processed to remove its .Then,before translation occurs,the joining together of the remaining sequences of mRNA,the ,must be accomplished.