Exam 5: Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

A molecule of sugar slowly burns in a cell.Compared with the original sugar molecules,the products of these catabolic reactions are ________ and have ________.

Enzymes catalyze only anabolic chemical reactions.

High temperatures generally cause the three-dimensional configuration of most enzymes to be destroyed.Enzymes that have been affected by high temperatures in this way have been ________.

The second law of thermodynamics states that

When chemical energy is converted into kinetic energy in a biological system,________ of the available energy is converted.

Which of the following conditions destroys the three-dimensional structure of proteins?

The reuse of the same carbon molecules by plants,animals,and their environments over time is known as

Metabolic pathways are relatively uncommon in cells;most biologically significant molecules are obtained intact from a well-balanced diet.

An insect devouring a leaf is an example of the second law of thermodynamics in action.

Which of the following compounds is the LEAST oxidized?

The heat given off by living systems can increase the likelihood that a given chemical reaction will take place.Why?

Which of the following conditions does NOT disrupt the three-dimensional shape of enzymes or alter their ability to bind to their substrates?

Catabolic reactions are tightly coupled to reactions that require energy;those reactions are called ________ reactions.

When humans cut down trees for lumber to build permanent structures,what aspect of metabolic cycling is disrupted?

Photosynthesis creates energy;cellular respiration destroys energy.

When a molecule of methane burns,it produces carbon dioxide,heat,light,and water.The direction of the event is dictated by the ________ law of thermodynamics.

The compartmentalization inside the mitochondrion improves the efficiency of the ATP production pathway by concentrating the reacting molecules.

Organisms that drop their basal metabolic rate (BMR)as cold weather arrives,enabling their body temperature to plummet,are called ________.

In accordance with the first law of thermodynamics,the energy in a gallon of gas consumed in a mileage test is equal to the

The energy input needed to start a chemical reaction is called the ________.