Question 1

The capture and use of energy by living organisms involves many chemical reactions.Collectively,these processes are known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The capture and use of energy by...

Question 2

If provided with the proper conditions,enzymes that are recovered from living tissues can be used in cell-free industrial processes.Which of the following statements is an example of such a process?

Accepted Answer

A)  The addition of amylases,lipases,and proteases can improve a detergent's ability to remove wrinkles from clothing. 
B)  Cellulases and pectinases can digest the proteins in fruit juice,producing a clarified product that is more appealing to consumers. 
C)  The proteases in pineapples and papayas can tenderize meat by digesting its large fibrous proteins,such as collagen. 
D)  Rennin,an enzyme from the guts of cows and sheep,has been used for many years to make pasta. 
A)  The addition of amylases,lipases,and proteases can improve a detergent's ability to remove wrinkles from clothing. 
B)  Cellulases and pectinases can digest the proteins in fruit juice,producing a clarified product that is more appealing to consumers. 
C)  The proteases in pineapples and papayas can tenderize meat by digesting its large fibrous proteins,such as collagen. 
D)  Rennin,an enzyme from the guts of cows and sheep,has been used for many years to make pasta.

Question 3

Most enzymes are members of a special class of

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  nucleotides. 
C)  chemical bonds. 
D)  hormones. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  nucleotides. 
C)  chemical bonds. 
D)  hormones.

Question 4

An enzyme and its substrate find each other by

Accepted Answer

A)  chance encounter. 
B)  magnetic attraction. 
C)  catalysis. 
D)  oxidative reactions. 
A)  chance encounter. 
B)  magnetic attraction. 
C)  catalysis. 
D)  oxidative reactions.

Question 5

Plants and animals use different energy storage molecules,yet they both use the same mechanism to burn their stored energy.How can plants and animals both be successful,even though they burn different energy storage molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  The internal components of plant and animal cells are identical. 
B)  The second law of thermodynamics states that all cells have the same energy transfer system. 
C)  Breaking the chemical bonds of a storage molecule transfers energy,no matter what molecule is stored. 
D)  All organisms have the same enzymes to catalyze their energy-producing reactions. 
A)  The internal components of plant and animal cells are identical. 
B)  The second law of thermodynamics states that all cells have the same energy transfer system. 
C)  Breaking the chemical bonds of a storage molecule transfers energy,no matter what molecule is stored. 
D)  All organisms have the same enzymes to catalyze their energy-producing reactions.

Question 6

Biosynthetic reactions require many things,including ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide;water 
B)  glucose;water 
C)  enzymes;ATP 
D)  sunlight;CTP 
A)  carbon dioxide;water 
B)  glucose;water 
C)  enzymes;ATP 
D)  sunlight;CTP

Question 7

Recent studies on weight loss have shown that without a rigorous training regimen,exercising muscle will preferentially burn carbohydrates rather than fat;these findings provide support for the observation that exercise alone is ineffective in promoting weight loss.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of a living system and its surroundings remains constant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A decrease in potential energy between reactants and products is typical for which of the following types of chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolic reactions 
B)  catabolic reactions 
C)  the formation of peptide bonds 
D)  reactions that happen without the aid of an enzyme 
A)  anabolic reactions 
B)  catabolic reactions 
C)  the formation of peptide bonds 
D)  reactions that happen without the aid of an enzyme

Question 10

According to the ________ model,an enzyme's active site will adjust its shape to mold around a substrate after binding to that substrate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the ________ model,an enzyme's active...

Question 11

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  In a human cell,one enzyme usually catalyzes no more than five different chemical reactions. 
B)  In a human cell,nearly all chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. 
C)  In a human cell,enzymes must be constantly replaced as they are used up in the reactions they catalyze. 
D)  In a human cell,some enzymes are specialized to store activation energy. 
A)  In a human cell,one enzyme usually catalyzes no more than five different chemical reactions. 
B)  In a human cell,nearly all chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. 
C)  In a human cell,enzymes must be constantly replaced as they are used up in the reactions they catalyze. 
D)  In a human cell,some enzymes are specialized to store activation energy.

Question 12

The metabolism of living organisms comprises a series of catabolic reactions and anabolic reactions;both types of reactions are very carefully controlled,enabling the organism to

Accepted Answer

A)  minimize the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 
B)  assess its metabolic state and respond appropriately. 
C)  avoid consuming its food resources too quickly. 
D)  capture as much of the released energy as possible. 
A)  minimize the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 
B)  assess its metabolic state and respond appropriately. 
C)  avoid consuming its food resources too quickly. 
D)  capture as much of the released energy as possible.

Question 13

Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical bonds by forming

Accepted Answer

A)  sugars. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  work. 
D)  heat. 
A)  sugars. 
B)  enzymes. 
C)  work. 
D)  heat.

Question 14

In the chemical reaction CH2O + O2 $\rarr$ CO2 + H2O,which of the following results occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon is reduced and hydrogen is oxidized. 
B)  Carbon is oxidized and oxygen is reduced. 
C)  Carbon and hydrogen are reduced. 
D)  Carbon and oxygen are oxidized. 
A)  Carbon is reduced and hydrogen is oxidized. 
B)  Carbon is oxidized and oxygen is reduced. 
C)  Carbon and hydrogen are reduced. 
D)  Carbon and oxygen are oxidized.

Question 15

Some kinds of drain cleaners use enzymes rather than strong,more dangerous chemicals.These enzymes are most likely able to

Accepted Answer

A)  catalyze a catabolic reaction. 
B)  raise the activation energy of the reaction that clears the clog. 
C)  create energy that can be used to break up the clog. 
D)  let excess heat be passed off into the environment. 
A)  catalyze a catabolic reaction. 
B)  raise the activation energy of the reaction that clears the clog. 
C)  create energy that can be used to break up the clog. 
D)  let excess heat be passed off into the environment.

Question 16

Which of the following substances is either consumed or synthesized in a large number of cellular reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  sugars 
B)  enzymes 
C)  DNA 
D)  ATP 
A)  sugars 
B)  enzymes 
C)  DNA 
D)  ATP

Question 17

Imagine a mousetrap with the spring arm set and latched,and with the level of potential energy high.This potential energy was added to the mousetrap

Accepted Answer

A)  when it was first constructed. 
B)  as kinetic energy when the arm was pulled back and latched. 
C)  when the latch was released and the arm sprang forward. 
D)  when the various materials used to construct the mousetrap were selected. 
A)  when it was first constructed. 
B)  as kinetic energy when the arm was pulled back and latched. 
C)  when the latch was released and the arm sprang forward. 
D)  when the various materials used to construct the mousetrap were selected.

Question 18

Oxygen can be reduced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In an enzyme,the area that has a specialized shape and/or set of chemical properties that enables the enzyme to bind to a particular substrate is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an enzyme,the area that has a...

Question 20

Complex molecules are built from smaller organic compounds by using energy to drive ________ reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  catabolic 
B)  anabolic 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  redox 
A)  catabolic 
B)  anabolic 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  redox

Exam 5: Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

The capture and use of energy by living organisms involves many chemical reactions.Collectively,these processes are known as ________.

If provided with the proper conditions,enzymes that are recovered from living tissues can be used in cell-free industrial processes.Which of the following statements is an example of such a process?

Most enzymes are members of a special class of

An enzyme and its substrate find each other by

Plants and animals use different energy storage molecules,yet they both use the same mechanism to burn their stored energy.How can plants and animals both be successful,even though they burn different energy storage molecules?

Biosynthetic reactions require many things,including ________ and ________.

Recent studies on weight loss have shown that without a rigorous training regimen,exercising muscle will preferentially burn carbohydrates rather than fat;these findings provide support for the observation that exercise alone is ineffective in promoting weight loss.

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of a living system and its surroundings remains constant.

A decrease in potential energy between reactants and products is typical for which of the following types of chemical reactions?

According to the ________ model,an enzyme's active site will adjust its shape to mold around a substrate after binding to that substrate.

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?

The metabolism of living organisms comprises a series of catabolic reactions and anabolic reactions;both types of reactions are very carefully controlled,enabling the organism to

Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical bonds by forming

In the chemical reaction CH2O + O2 →\rarr→ CO2 + H2O,which of the following results occurs?

Some kinds of drain cleaners use enzymes rather than strong,more dangerous chemicals.These enzymes are most likely able to

Which of the following substances is either consumed or synthesized in a large number of cellular reactions?

Imagine a mousetrap with the spring arm set and latched,and with the level of potential energy high.This potential energy was added to the mousetrap

Oxygen can be reduced.

In an enzyme,the area that has a specialized shape and/or set of chemical properties that enables the enzyme to bind to a particular substrate is called a(n)________.

Complex molecules are built from smaller organic compounds by using energy to drive ________ reactions.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Cancer and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA and Genes

From Gene to Protein

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

The Origin of Species

The Evolution of Biodiversity

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Animal Behavior

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons,Muscles,and Movement

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

Filters

Biosynthetic reactions require many things,including and .

In the chemical reaction CH₂O + O₂ $\rarr$ CO₂ + H₂O,which of the following results occurs?