Question 1

The metabolism of ribonucleotides increases the hydrogen ion concentration of intracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

How is the renal tubule excretion of ammonia involved in maintaining the acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

A) An increase in blood pH accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. A decrease in blood pH produces the opposite effects, thus maintaining pH balance. 
B) A decrease in blood pH accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. An increase in blood pH produces the opposite effects, thus maintaining pH balance. 
C) Renal tubule excretion of ammonia causes the combining of hydrogen to form ammonium ions that decrease the blood bicarbonate buffer pair ratio. 
D) Ammonia excreted by renal tubules has no effect on acid-base balance. 
A) An increase in blood pH accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. A decrease in blood pH produces the opposite effects, thus maintaining pH balance. 
B) A decrease in blood pH accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. An increase in blood pH produces the opposite effects, thus maintaining pH balance. 
C) Renal tubule excretion of ammonia causes the combining of hydrogen to form ammonium ions that decrease the blood bicarbonate buffer pair ratio. 
D) Ammonia excreted by renal tubules has no effect on acid-base balance.

Question 3

An increase in the base bicarbonate/carbonic acid ratio causes a decrease in the pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Vicki has a minor bladder infection. She has heard that this is often the result of urine not being acidic enough and that she should drink cranberry juice to correct the problem. She does not have any cranberry juice, so she substitutes orange juice. What is wrong with this substitution?

Accepted Answer

Vicki's substitution of orange juice for

Question 5

Strong evidence shows that bicarbonate loading counteracts the effects of lactic acid buildup in athletes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The kidney gets rid of excess hydrogen ions by the process of filtration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

If HCl were buffered by NaHCO₃, what would occur?

Accepted Answer

A) There would be a slight rise in pH. 
B) There would be a large drop in pH. 
C) There would be a slight drop in pH. 
D) There would be a large rise in pH. 
A) There would be a slight rise in pH. 
B) There would be a large drop in pH. 
C) There would be a slight drop in pH. 
D) There would be a large rise in pH.

Question 8

Arterial blood has a lower pH than venous blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-Carbonic acid excess caused by conditions such as pneumonia or emphysema

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 10

CO₂ entering venous blood gives it a slightly lower pH than arterial blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What substances or processes in the body might cause a change in the blood pH?

Accepted Answer

The pH of blood is tightly regulated by

Question 12

Protein catabolism can produce both phosphoric and sulfuric acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Name and explain the two types of pH control mechanisms used by the body.

Accepted Answer

The two types of pH control mechanisms u

Question 14

Which of these is not an acid-forming element?

Accepted Answer

A) Chloride 
B) Potassium 
C) Sulfur 
D) Phosphorus 
A) Chloride 
B) Potassium 
C) Sulfur 
D) Phosphorus

Question 15

The numerical value of pH represents the:

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen ion concentration squared. 
B) negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. 
C) logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. 
D) square root of the hydrogen ion concentration. 
A) hydrogen ion concentration squared. 
B) negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. 
C) logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. 
D) square root of the hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 16

The biological activity of phosphofructokinase (an important enzyme in anaerobic respiration) falls by 90% if the pH:

Accepted Answer

A) falls by 1 unit. 
B) falls by 0.5 units. 
C) falls by 0.1 units. 
D) rises by 1 unit. 
A) falls by 1 unit. 
B) falls by 0.5 units. 
C) falls by 0.1 units. 
D) rises by 1 unit.

Question 17

Edith is pregnant and experiencing repeated vomiting episodes. Her obstetrician becomes concerned, admits her to the hospital, and begins intravenous administration of normal saline. How will this help Edith?

Accepted Answer

Edith is likely suffering from a conditi

Question 18

The chloride shift occurs to correct an electrical imbalance, not an acid-base imbalance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

One of the potential serious side effects of taking the drug Glucophage is lactic acidosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Ketone bodies are associated with cellular metabolism of:

Accepted Answer

A) fats. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) proteins. 
D) vitamins. 
A) fats. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) proteins. 
D) vitamins.

Exam 44: Acid-Base Balance

The metabolism of ribonucleotides increases the hydrogen ion concentration of intracellular fluid.

How is the renal tubule excretion of ammonia involved in maintaining the acid-base balance?

An increase in the base bicarbonate/carbonic acid ratio causes a decrease in the pH.

Vicki has a minor bladder infection. She has heard that this is often the result of urine not being acidic enough and that she should drink cranberry juice to correct the problem. She does not have any cranberry juice, so she substitutes orange juice. What is wrong with this substitution?

Strong evidence shows that bicarbonate loading counteracts the effects of lactic acid buildup in athletes.

The kidney gets rid of excess hydrogen ions by the process of filtration.

If HCl were buffered by NaHCO₃, what would occur?

Arterial blood has a lower pH than venous blood.

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -Carbonic acid excess caused by conditions such as pneumonia or emphysema

CO₂ entering venous blood gives it a slightly lower pH than arterial blood.

What substances or processes in the body might cause a change in the blood pH?

Protein catabolism can produce both phosphoric and sulfuric acid.

Name and explain the two types of pH control mechanisms used by the body.

Which of these is not an acid-forming element?

The numerical value of pH represents the:

The biological activity of phosphofructokinase (an important enzyme in anaerobic respiration) falls by 90% if the pH:

Edith is pregnant and experiencing repeated vomiting episodes. Her obstetrician becomes concerned, admits her to the hospital, and begins intravenous administration of normal saline. How will this help Edith?

The chloride shift occurs to correct an electrical imbalance, not an acid-base imbalance.

One of the potential serious side effects of taking the drug Glucophage is lactic acidosis.

Ketone bodies are associated with cellular metabolism of:

Organization of the Body

Homeostasis

Chemistry of Life

Biomolecules

Cell Structure

Cell Function

Cell Growth and Development

Introduction to Tissues

Tissue Types

Skin

Skeletal Tissues

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Axial Muscles

Appendicular Muscles

Muscle Contraction

Nervous System Cells

Nerve Signaling

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

General Senses

Special Senses

Endocrine Regulation

Endocrine Glands

Blood

Heart

Blood Vessels

Circulation of the Blood

Lymphatic System

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Stress

Respiratory Tract

Ventilation

Gas Exchange Transport

Upper Digestive Tract

Lower Digestive Tract

Digestion and Absorption

Nutrition and Metabolism

Urinary System

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Male Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System

Growth, Development, and Aging

Genetics and Heredity

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