Exam 42: Urinary System

A cushion of fat normally encases a kidney and helps hold it in position.

When the mean arterial blood pressure doubles, so does glomerular filtration.

If the glomerular hydrostatic pressure is 67 mm Hg, the glomerular osmotic pressure is 28 mm Hg, the capsular hydrostatic pressure is 17 mm Hg, and the capsular osmotic pressure is 0 mm Hg, the effective filtration pressure (EFP) would be _____ mm Hg.

Blood leaves the glomerulus through efferent venules.

The folds in the bladder wall are called rugae.

Explain how ADH regulates the amount of urine produced and explain how the nephron loop allows ADH to increase water absorption.

Which of these statements is not true of the kidney?

With increased ADH, urine becomes hypoosmotic to blood.

The proximal tubule is called "proximal" because it is nearest to the glomerular capsule.

As the basic functional unit of the kidney, the nephron's function is blood plasma processing and urine formation.

Glomerular osmotic pressure and capsular osmotic pressure are equally important in determining the GFR.

About 99% of the fluid filtered into the glomerular capsule is reabsorbed.

Which of the following statements is not true of the ureter?

About 85% of the nephrons are juxtamedullary nephron, which means that the nephron loop extends into the medulla of the kidney.

One important function of the slit diaphragms is the prevention of large molecules such as proteins from passing through.

Osmosis in the kidney relies on the availability of and proper function of aquaporins.

Terry has lupus erythematosus and has been complaining of feelings of urgency, pain in urination, and the appearance of blood in the urine. More than likely, Terry is suffering from:

Electrolytes are excreted by both the urinary and integumentary systems.

Nitrogen wastes are removed only by the urinary system.

When urine "backs up," causing swelling in the renal pelvis and calyces, the condition is called hydronephrosis.