Question 1

It is true that women suffer from urinary bladder infections more often than men do. Why?

Accepted Answer

Yes, it is true that women suffer from u

Question 2

The volume of urine is normally determined by the glomerular filtration rate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which best explains why a person who has uncontrolled diabetes mellitus voids a large amount of urine?

Accepted Answer

A) Excess glucose "spills over" into urine, thereby decreasing the solute concentration of urine (and decreasing the solute concentration of plasma), which in turn leads to diuresis. 
B) Excess glucose "spills over" into urine, thereby increasing the solute concentration of urine (and decreasing the solute concentration of plasma), which in turn leads to diuresis. 
C) Low levels of insulin stimulate the kidney to not reabsorb water in the tubules. 
D) Decreased glucose is caused by withdrawal of sugar from urine, causing an increase in urine production. 
A) Excess glucose "spills over" into urine, thereby decreasing the solute concentration of urine (and decreasing the solute concentration of plasma), which in turn leads to diuresis. 
B) Excess glucose "spills over" into urine, thereby increasing the solute concentration of urine (and decreasing the solute concentration of plasma), which in turn leads to diuresis. 
C) Low levels of insulin stimulate the kidney to not reabsorb water in the tubules. 
D) Decreased glucose is caused by withdrawal of sugar from urine, causing an increase in urine production.

Question 4

Just as in the bladder, the ureter is lined with transitional epithelium, which allows it to stretch without damage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Explain why a person who has uncontrolled diabetes mellitus voids a large amount of urine.

Accepted Answer

A person with uncontrolled diabetes mell

Question 6

A person with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus will have a higher-than-normal solute concentration in the urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Filtrate in which part of the nephron tubule has the highest osmolality?

Accepted Answer

A) Proximal tubule 
B) Ascending nephron loop 
C) Descending nephron loop 
D) Distal tubule 
A) Proximal tubule 
B) Ascending nephron loop 
C) Descending nephron loop 
D) Distal tubule

Question 8

The sum of glomerular hydrostatic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure is the total force driving fluid from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Filtrate in the descending limb of the nephron loop has the highest osmolality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Explain how the active transport of sodium out of the nephron tubules acts as the driving force for the passive transport of other materials.

Accepted Answer

The active transport of sodium out of th

Question 11

Creatinine is often measured to determine normal kidney function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The osmolality of the urine excreted by the body can be as high as the osmolality in the medulla's interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What effect do aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on urine volume?

Accepted Answer

A) Because water reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules doesn't require ADH, the aldosterone mechanism must work separately from the ADH mechanism to maintain homeostasis of the fluid content in the body. 
B) Both aldosterone and ADH decrease distal and collecting tubule absorption of sodium, which in turn causes an osmotic imbalance that drives the reabsorption of water from the tubule. 
C) Because water reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules requires ADH, the aldosterone mechanism must work in concert with the ADH mechanism if homeostasis of the fluid content in the body is to be maintained. 
D) Both aldosterone and ADH increase distal and collecting tubule absorption of sodium, which in turn causes an osmotic imbalance that stops the reabsorption of water from the tubule. 
A) Because water reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules doesn't require ADH, the aldosterone mechanism must work separately from the ADH mechanism to maintain homeostasis of the fluid content in the body. 
B) Both aldosterone and ADH decrease distal and collecting tubule absorption of sodium, which in turn causes an osmotic imbalance that drives the reabsorption of water from the tubule. 
C) Because water reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules requires ADH, the aldosterone mechanism must work in concert with the ADH mechanism if homeostasis of the fluid content in the body is to be maintained. 
D) Both aldosterone and ADH increase distal and collecting tubule absorption of sodium, which in turn causes an osmotic imbalance that stops the reabsorption of water from the tubule.

Question 14

If the Tmₐₓ for glucose was 300 mg/100 ml and a person had a glucose of 325 mg/100 ml, that person would have a glucose level of 25 mg/100 ml in the blood leaving the kidney and 300 mg/100 ml in the urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which statement best explains why the insertion of a urinary catheter would be an ineffective treatment for renal suppression?

Accepted Answer

A) Renal suppression occurs when effective filtration pressure falls to zero and the kidneys shut down, so a urinary catheter would not help this situation. 
B) Renal suppression occurs when effective filtration pressure is elevated and urine production is increased, thus allowing free-flowing urine. A urinary catheter isn't needed in this situation. 
C) Renal suppression occurs when there is a disruption of nervous input to the bladder, resulting in loss of control of voiding. A urinary catheter would not be a treatment for the condition. 
D) Renal suppression is caused by a urinary tract infection, and a urinary catheter would not be effective in treating this condition. 
A) Renal suppression occurs when effective filtration pressure falls to zero and the kidneys shut down, so a urinary catheter would not help this situation. 
B) Renal suppression occurs when effective filtration pressure is elevated and urine production is increased, thus allowing free-flowing urine. A urinary catheter isn't needed in this situation. 
C) Renal suppression occurs when there is a disruption of nervous input to the bladder, resulting in loss of control of voiding. A urinary catheter would not be a treatment for the condition. 
D) Renal suppression is caused by a urinary tract infection, and a urinary catheter would not be effective in treating this condition.

Question 16

The urinary meatus is the tube leading from the bladder to the exterior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

While washing her picture window, Martha sustained a large, deep laceration to her leg when the ladder accidentally crashed through the window as she attempted to reposition it. She experienced a large loss of blood before the paramedics arrived. Her blood pressure was very low, and her heart rate was rapid and thready. The paramedics treated her aggressively with intravenous fluids and pressure to stop any more blood loss. They were also concerned about Martha's renal function. Why?

Accepted Answer

The paramedics were concerned about Mart

Question 18

The movement of molecules out of the tubules and into the peritubular blood defines:

Accepted Answer

A) glomerular filtration. 
B) secretion. 
C) micturition. 
D) reabsorption. 
A) glomerular filtration. 
B) secretion. 
C) micturition. 
D) reabsorption.

Question 19

The outer portion of the kidney is referred to as the cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The bladder has two main functions: to serve as a reservoir for urine until it leaves the body and, aided by the urethra, expels urine from the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 42: Urinary System

It is true that women suffer from urinary bladder infections more often than men do. Why?

The volume of urine is normally determined by the glomerular filtration rate.

Which best explains why a person who has uncontrolled diabetes mellitus voids a large amount of urine?

Just as in the bladder, the ureter is lined with transitional epithelium, which allows it to stretch without damage.

Explain why a person who has uncontrolled diabetes mellitus voids a large amount of urine.

A person with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus will have a higher-than-normal solute concentration in the urine.

Filtrate in which part of the nephron tubule has the highest osmolality?

The sum of glomerular hydrostatic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure is the total force driving fluid from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule.

Filtrate in the descending limb of the nephron loop has the highest osmolality.

Explain how the active transport of sodium out of the nephron tubules acts as the driving force for the passive transport of other materials.

Creatinine is often measured to determine normal kidney function.

The osmolality of the urine excreted by the body can be as high as the osmolality in the medulla's interstitial fluid.

What effect do aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on urine volume?

If the Tmₐₓ for glucose was 300 mg/100 ml and a person had a glucose of 325 mg/100 ml, that person would have a glucose level of 25 mg/100 ml in the blood leaving the kidney and 300 mg/100 ml in the urine.

Which statement best explains why the insertion of a urinary catheter would be an ineffective treatment for renal suppression?

The urinary meatus is the tube leading from the bladder to the exterior.

The movement of molecules out of the tubules and into the peritubular blood defines:

The outer portion of the kidney is referred to as the cortex.

The bladder has two main functions: to serve as a reservoir for urine until it leaves the body and, aided by the urethra, expels urine from the body.

Organization of the Body

Homeostasis

Chemistry of Life

Biomolecules

Cell Structure

Cell Function

Cell Growth and Development

Introduction to Tissues

Tissue Types

Skin

Skeletal Tissues

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Axial Muscles

Appendicular Muscles

Muscle Contraction

Nervous System Cells

Nerve Signaling

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

General Senses

Special Senses

Endocrine Regulation

Endocrine Glands

Blood

Heart

Blood Vessels

Circulation of the Blood

Lymphatic System

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Stress

Respiratory Tract

Ventilation

Gas Exchange Transport

Upper Digestive Tract

Lower Digestive Tract

Digestion and Absorption

Nutrition and Metabolism

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid-Base Balance

Male Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System

Growth, Development, and Aging

Genetics and Heredity

Filters