Question 1

Describe the internal structure of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

The internal structure of the kidney is

Question 2

The connective tissue that anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures is called the renal cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Under normal conditions, most nutrients are reabsorbed in which portion of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A) Proximal tubule 
B) Ascending nephron loop 
C) Distal tubule 
D) Collecting tubule 
A) Proximal tubule 
B) Ascending nephron loop 
C) Distal tubule 
D) Collecting tubule

Question 4

One factor that influences the hydrostatic pressure of the glomerulus is the difference in diameter between the efferent and afferent arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Any material such as water or glucose that enters the collecting duct will be lost to the body in the urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The principle organs of the urinary system are the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced?

Accepted Answer

A) ANH 
B) Aldosterone 
C) ADH 
D) Both B and C 
A) ANH 
B) Aldosterone 
C) ADH 
D) Both B and C

Question 8

Regarding reabsorption in the proximal tubules, which of the following statements is not true?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium is actively transported out of the tubule fluid and into the blood. 
B) Chloride ions are actively transported into the blood plasma. 
C) Glucose and amino acids are transported with sodium and passively move out of the tubule fluid by means of the sodium cotransport mechanism. 
D) About half of the urea present in the tubule fluid passively moves out of the tubule, leaving half the urea to move on to the nephron loop. 
A) Sodium is actively transported out of the tubule fluid and into the blood. 
B) Chloride ions are actively transported into the blood plasma. 
C) Glucose and amino acids are transported with sodium and passively move out of the tubule fluid by means of the sodium cotransport mechanism. 
D) About half of the urea present in the tubule fluid passively moves out of the tubule, leaving half the urea to move on to the nephron loop.

Question 9

There are three openings in the floor of the urinary bladder-two from the ureters and one into the urethra.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location.
-Name given to the blood vessel in the glomerular capsule

Accepted Answer

A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Glomerular capsule 
D) Nephron loop 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta 
A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Glomerular capsule 
D) Nephron loop 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta

Question 11

Just as in the lumen of the small intestine, the lumen of the proximal tubule has microvilli.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

List functions of the urinary bladder.

Accepted Answer

The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular

Question 13

The kidney could best be described as pear-shaped.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following statements is not true?

Accepted Answer

A) The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney. 
B) The right kidney is often slightly larger than the left kidney. 
C) The kidneys extend above the level of the twelfth rib. 
D) The kidneys are retroperitoneal. 
A) The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney. 
B) The right kidney is often slightly larger than the left kidney. 
C) The kidneys extend above the level of the twelfth rib. 
D) The kidneys are retroperitoneal.

Question 15

One difference between the male urethra and the female urethra is the male urethra is:

Accepted Answer

A) shorter. 
B) part of two different body systems. 
C) unique in that there are no additional ducts that merge with it. 
D) both B and C. 
A) shorter. 
B) part of two different body systems. 
C) unique in that there are no additional ducts that merge with it. 
D) both B and C.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A) Synthesize prostaglandins 
B) Regulate blood sugar 
C) Produce hormones 
D) Regulate blood electrolytes 
A) Synthesize prostaglandins 
B) Regulate blood sugar 
C) Produce hormones 
D) Regulate blood electrolytes

Question 17

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a popular type of drug used to reduce high blood pressure. They act by preventing the activation of angiotensin. Briefly explain how the drugs can lower blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhi

Question 18

A hormone that affects reabsorption in the kidney is made in the wall of the heart.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Urine formation involves all the following processes except:

Accepted Answer

A) filtration. 
B) catabolism. 
C) reabsorption. 
D) secretion. 
A) filtration. 
B) catabolism. 
C) reabsorption. 
D) secretion.

Question 20

About 180 liters of filtrate is formed each day.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 42: Urinary System

Describe the internal structure of the kidney.

The connective tissue that anchors the kidney to the surrounding structures is called the renal cortex.

Under normal conditions, most nutrients are reabsorbed in which portion of the nephron?

One factor that influences the hydrostatic pressure of the glomerulus is the difference in diameter between the efferent and afferent arterioles.

Any material such as water or glucose that enters the collecting duct will be lost to the body in the urine.

The principle organs of the urinary system are the kidneys.

Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced?

Regarding reabsorption in the proximal tubules, which of the following statements is not true?

There are three openings in the floor of the urinary bladder-two from the ureters and one into the urethra.

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location. -Name given to the blood vessel in the glomerular capsule

Just as in the lumen of the small intestine, the lumen of the proximal tubule has microvilli.

List functions of the urinary bladder.

The kidney could best be described as pear-shaped.

Which of the following statements is not true?

One difference between the male urethra and the female urethra is the male urethra is:

Which of the following is not a normal function of the kidneys?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a popular type of drug used to reduce high blood pressure. They act by preventing the activation of angiotensin. Briefly explain how the drugs can lower blood pressure.

A hormone that affects reabsorption in the kidney is made in the wall of the heart.

Urine formation involves all the following processes except:

About 180 liters of filtrate is formed each day.

Organization of the Body

Homeostasis

Chemistry of Life

Biomolecules

Cell Structure

Cell Function

Cell Growth and Development

Introduction to Tissues

Tissue Types

Skin

Skeletal Tissues

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Axial Muscles

Appendicular Muscles

Muscle Contraction

Nervous System Cells

Nerve Signaling

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

General Senses

Special Senses

Endocrine Regulation

Endocrine Glands

Blood

Heart

Blood Vessels

Circulation of the Blood

Lymphatic System

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Stress

Respiratory Tract

Ventilation

Gas Exchange Transport

Upper Digestive Tract

Lower Digestive Tract

Digestion and Absorption

Nutrition and Metabolism

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid-Base Balance

Male Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System

Growth, Development, and Aging

Genetics and Heredity

Filters