Question 1

The splanchnic nerve is made up of preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Norepinephrine can stimulate _____ receptors.

Accepted Answer

A) alpha 
B) beta 
C) nicotinic 
D) both alpha and beta 
A) alpha 
B) beta 
C) nicotinic 
D) both alpha and beta D

Question 3

Explain the source and possible synapse points for the sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic preganglionic neurons originate in the lateral horn of the spinal cord, specifically in the intermediolateral cell column of the thoracolumbar segments (T1-L2). These neurons receive input from higher brain centers, such as the hypothalamus, and then project to the sympathetic ganglia located outside the spinal cord.

The possible synapse points for the sympathetic preganglionic neurons include the sympathetic chain ganglia, the prevertebral ganglia, and the adrenal medulla. The sympathetic chain ganglia are located adjacent to the spinal cord and are involved in innervating the body's organs and tissues. The prevertebral ganglia are located closer to the target organs and are involved in innervating the abdominal and pelvic organs. The adrenal medulla is a specialized sympathetic ganglion that releases hormones into the bloodstream.

Overall, the sympathetic preganglionic neurons play a crucial role in the sympathetic nervous system's "fight or flight" response by activating the body's physiological responses to stress and danger.

Question 4

Explain physiologically how summation influences effectors doubly innervated by the autonomic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Summation influences effectors doubly in

Question 5

A short postganglionic neuron is a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Match each term with its description or definition.
-Neurotransmitter released by cholinergic fibers

Accepted Answer

A) Sympathetic nervous system 
B) Parasympathetic nervous system 
C) Alpha receptor 
D) Nicotinic receptor 
E) Sympathetic trunk
F)Splanchnic nerve
G)"Fight or flight"
H)"Rest and repair"
I)Acetylcholine
J)Norepinephrine 
A) Sympathetic nervous system 
B) Parasympathetic nervous system 
C) Alpha receptor 
D) Nicotinic receptor 
E) Sympathetic trunk
F)Splanchnic nerve
G)"Fight or flight"
H)"Rest and repair"
I)Acetylcholine
J)Norepinephrine

Question 7

If you were to damage some of the preganglionic fibers that enter the celiac ganglion, what effect would this have on sympathetic stimulation?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla may reach the various sympathetic effectors, where they would enhance and prolong the effects of the sympathetic stimulation. 
B) Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland may reach various sympathetic effectors, where they would enhance and prolong the effects of the sympathetic stimulation. 
C) Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla may not reach the various sympathetic effectors, thus delaying the effects of sympathetic stimulation. 
D) Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland may not reach the various sympathetic effectors, thus delaying the effects of sympathetic stimulation. 
A) Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla may reach the various sympathetic effectors, where they would enhance and prolong the effects of the sympathetic stimulation. 
B) Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland may reach various sympathetic effectors, where they would enhance and prolong the effects of the sympathetic stimulation. 
C) Hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla may not reach the various sympathetic effectors, thus delaying the effects of sympathetic stimulation. 
D) Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland may not reach the various sympathetic effectors, thus delaying the effects of sympathetic stimulation.

Question 8

Explain the ways in which sympathetic postganglionic neurons travel to their effector organs. Compare the relative length between sympathetic pre- and postganglionic neurons.

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons trave

Question 9

Both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic divisions continually conduct impulses to visceral effectors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which is not true about parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) They are usually shorter than the preganglionic neurons. 
B) They produce acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. 
C) They produce norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter. 
D) They have acetylcholine receptors on their dendrites. 
A) They are usually shorter than the preganglionic neurons. 
B) They produce acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. 
C) They produce norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter. 
D) They have acetylcholine receptors on their dendrites.

Question 11

Match each term with its description or definition.
-Nervous system that is also called the thoracolumbar division

Accepted Answer

A) Sympathetic nervous system 
B) Parasympathetic nervous system 
C) Alpha receptor 
D) Nicotinic receptor 
E) Sympathetic trunk
F)Splanchnic nerve
G)"Fight or flight"
H)"Rest and repair"
I)Acetylcholine
J)Norepinephrine 
A) Sympathetic nervous system 
B) Parasympathetic nervous system 
C) Alpha receptor 
D) Nicotinic receptor 
E) Sympathetic trunk
F)Splanchnic nerve
G)"Fight or flight"
H)"Rest and repair"
I)Acetylcholine
J)Norepinephrine

Question 12

All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons except:

Accepted Answer

A) they secrete acetylcholine. 
B) they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. 
C) dendrites and cell bodies are found in the lateral gray columns of thoracic and the first four lumbar segments of the spinal cord. 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) they secrete acetylcholine. 
B) they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. 
C) dendrites and cell bodies are found in the lateral gray columns of thoracic and the first four lumbar segments of the spinal cord. 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 13

Parasympathetic stimulation has no effect on any of the following areas except:

Accepted Answer

A) sweat glands. 
B) skin blood vessels. 
C) the liver. 
D) the urinary bladder. 
A) sweat glands. 
B) skin blood vessels. 
C) the liver. 
D) the urinary bladder.

Question 14

When the sympathetic fiber enters the sympathetic trunk, it can send branches up or down the trunk.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Effectors that have single innervation by the autonomic nervous system are innervated only by the parasympathetic division.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is a description of the principle of autonomic antagonism as it relates to the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) If sympathetic impulses tend to inhibit the effector, parasympathetic impulses tend to stimulate it. 
B) If sympathetic impulses inhibit autonomic centers, parasympathetic impulses tend to stimulate them. 
C) If sympathetic impulses tend to stimulate an effector, parasympathetic impulses tend to inhibit it. 
D) If sympathetic impulses initiate nerve conduction, parasympathetic impulses stop nerve conduction. 
A) If sympathetic impulses tend to inhibit the effector, parasympathetic impulses tend to stimulate it. 
B) If sympathetic impulses inhibit autonomic centers, parasympathetic impulses tend to stimulate them. 
C) If sympathetic impulses tend to stimulate an effector, parasympathetic impulses tend to inhibit it. 
D) If sympathetic impulses initiate nerve conduction, parasympathetic impulses stop nerve conduction.

Question 17

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are tonically active, which means they:

Accepted Answer

A) are hydrolyzed by the enzyme acetylcholine. 
B) continually conduct impulses to autonomic effectors. 
C) continually conduct impulses to the brain. 
D) have opposing effects. 
A) are hydrolyzed by the enzyme acetylcholine. 
B) continually conduct impulses to autonomic effectors. 
C) continually conduct impulses to the brain. 
D) have opposing effects.

Question 18

Norepinephrine is liberated at:

Accepted Answer

A) the dendrite ending. 
B) parasympathetic preganglionic nerve endings. 
C) most sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings. 
D) sympathetic preganglionic nerve endings. 
A) the dendrite ending. 
B) parasympathetic preganglionic nerve endings. 
C) most sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings. 
D) sympathetic preganglionic nerve endings.

Question 19

Which generalization concerning the autonomic nervous system is not true?

Accepted Answer

A) All of its axons are afferent fibers. 
B) It operates without conscious control. 
C) It regulates visceral activities. 
D) All of its neurons are motor. 
A) All of its axons are afferent fibers. 
B) It operates without conscious control. 
C) It regulates visceral activities. 
D) All of its neurons are motor.

Question 20

Conduction to autonomic effectors requires only one efferent neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 22: Autonomic Nervous System

The splanchnic nerve is made up of preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

Norepinephrine can stimulate _____ receptors.

Explain the source and possible synapse points for the sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

Explain physiologically how summation influences effectors doubly innervated by the autonomic nervous system.

A short postganglionic neuron is a characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Match each term with its description or definition. -Neurotransmitter released by cholinergic fibers

If you were to damage some of the preganglionic fibers that enter the celiac ganglion, what effect would this have on sympathetic stimulation?

Explain the ways in which sympathetic postganglionic neurons travel to their effector organs. Compare the relative length between sympathetic pre- and postganglionic neurons.

Both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic divisions continually conduct impulses to visceral effectors.

Which is not true about parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Match each term with its description or definition. -Nervous system that is also called the thoracolumbar division

All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons except:

Parasympathetic stimulation has no effect on any of the following areas except:

When the sympathetic fiber enters the sympathetic trunk, it can send branches up or down the trunk.

Effectors that have single innervation by the autonomic nervous system are innervated only by the parasympathetic division.

Which of the following is a description of the principle of autonomic antagonism as it relates to the autonomic nervous system?

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are tonically active, which means they:

Norepinephrine is liberated at:

Which generalization concerning the autonomic nervous system is not true?

Conduction to autonomic effectors requires only one efferent neuron.

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