Question 1

Which of the following is considered a powerful physiological buffering system of the body?

Accepted Answer

A) Skin 
B) Liver 
C) Kidney 
D) Intestine 
A) Skin 
B) Liver 
C) Kidney 
D) Intestine C

Question 2

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-Any substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis D

Question 3

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-Any substance that decreases the amount of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis A

Question 4

The respiratory mechanism is a much more effective device for adjusting hydrogen output to hydrogen input than is the urinary mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

pH is used to represent the logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a liter of solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The regulation of acid-base balance in the body fluids refers to the control of _____ ion concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen 
B) bicarbonate 
C) potassium 
D) chloride 
A) hydrogen 
B) bicarbonate 
C) potassium 
D) chloride

Question 7

The most rapidly acting buffer system in the body is the _____ buffering system.

Accepted Answer

A) chemical 
B) respiratory 
C) kidney 
D) Both physiological buffering systems act with equal speed and are faster than the chemical. 
A) chemical 
B) respiratory 
C) kidney 
D) Both physiological buffering systems act with equal speed and are faster than the chemical.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a weak acid?

Accepted Answer

A) Hemoglobin 
B) Oxyhemoglobin 
C) Proteins 
D) Na2HPO4 
A) Hemoglobin 
B) Oxyhemoglobin 
C) Proteins 
D) Na2HPO4

Question 9

A decrease in blood pH:

Accepted Answer

A) accelerates the renal tubule excretion of ammonia. 
B) causes a decrease in the renal tubule excretion of ammonia. 
C) produces an increase in the pH of the urine through the chloride shift. 
D) has no effect on the renal tubule excretion of ammonia (because of respiratory compensations). 
A) accelerates the renal tubule excretion of ammonia. 
B) causes a decrease in the renal tubule excretion of ammonia. 
C) produces an increase in the pH of the urine through the chloride shift. 
D) has no effect on the renal tubule excretion of ammonia (because of respiratory compensations).

Question 10

Because saline solutions have chloride in them, they can be used to treat metabolic alkalosis caused by vomiting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Blood buffers work primarily by preventing marked changes in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-Bicarbonate excess caused by excessive antacid use or excessive vomiting

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 13

In the phosphate buffer pair, Na₂HPO₄ acts as the basic phosphate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In the bicarbonate buffer system, the weak base bicarbonate is used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-Arterial blood pH greater than 7.45

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 16

What is the chloride shift and what is its cause?

Accepted Answer

The chloride shift, also known as the Ha

Question 17

Prolonged hypoventilation may increase blood pH enough to produce alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A blood pH of 7.1 indicates the body is more acidic than normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The control of acid and base levels is considered a homeostatic mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Kidney tubule base bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion excretion tend to lower the blood pH and raise the pH of the urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 44: Acid-Base Balance

Which of the following is considered a powerful physiological buffering system of the body?

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -Any substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -Any substance that decreases the amount of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

The respiratory mechanism is a much more effective device for adjusting hydrogen output to hydrogen input than is the urinary mechanism.

pH is used to represent the logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a liter of solution.

The regulation of acid-base balance in the body fluids refers to the control of _____ ion concentration.

The most rapidly acting buffer system in the body is the _____ buffering system.

Which of the following is not a weak acid?

A decrease in blood pH:

Because saline solutions have chloride in them, they can be used to treat metabolic alkalosis caused by vomiting.

Blood buffers work primarily by preventing marked changes in blood pH.

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -Bicarbonate excess caused by excessive antacid use or excessive vomiting

In the phosphate buffer pair, Na₂HPO₄ acts as the basic phosphate.

In the bicarbonate buffer system, the weak base bicarbonate is used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH.

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -Arterial blood pH greater than 7.45

What is the chloride shift and what is its cause?

Prolonged hypoventilation may increase blood pH enough to produce alkalosis.

A blood pH of 7.1 indicates the body is more acidic than normal.

The control of acid and base levels is considered a homeostatic mechanism.

Kidney tubule base bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion excretion tend to lower the blood pH and raise the pH of the urine.

Organization of the Body

Homeostasis

Chemistry of Life

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Cell Growth and Development

Introduction to Tissues

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