Question 1

The kidney is able to secrete hydrogen ions, which causes an increase in urine pH but a decrease in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In the body, which of the following substances might be used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH?

Accepted Answer

A) H2CO3 
B) KHCO3 
C) Proteins 
D) None of the above 
A) H2CO3 
B) KHCO3 
C) Proteins 
D) None of the above

Question 3

Why does arterial blood have a lower hydrogen ion concentration than venous blood?

Accepted Answer

A) More carbon dioxide remains in the arterial blood leaving the lung capillaries, causing an increase in the amount of carbonic acid and the number of hydrogen ions. 
B) Because there are more red blood cells in arteries than veins, the arterial blood has a greater ability to carry fewer hydrogen ions. 
C) Less carbon dioxide remains in the arterial blood leaving the lung capillaries, causing a reduction in the amount of carbonic acid and the number of hydrogen ions. 
D) The carbon dioxide diffuses out of the venous blood as it moves through the lung capillaries. Therefore, more carbon dioxide remains in the arterial blood leaving the lung capillaries, causing a decrease in the number of hydrogen ions. 
A) More carbon dioxide remains in the arterial blood leaving the lung capillaries, causing an increase in the amount of carbonic acid and the number of hydrogen ions. 
B) Because there are more red blood cells in arteries than veins, the arterial blood has a greater ability to carry fewer hydrogen ions. 
C) Less carbon dioxide remains in the arterial blood leaving the lung capillaries, causing a reduction in the amount of carbonic acid and the number of hydrogen ions. 
D) The carbon dioxide diffuses out of the venous blood as it moves through the lung capillaries. Therefore, more carbon dioxide remains in the arterial blood leaving the lung capillaries, causing a decrease in the number of hydrogen ions.

Question 4

A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 × 10-⁴ per liter would be a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) acid. 
B) base. 
C) neutral solution. 
D) There is not enough information to determine the type of solution it would be. 
A) acid. 
B) base. 
C) neutral solution. 
D) There is not enough information to determine the type of solution it would be.

Question 5

Which of the following ratios of base bicarbonate to carbonic acid will maintain a normal pH?

Accepted Answer

A) 3:1 
B) 5:1 
C) 10:1 
D) 20:1 
A) 3:1 
B) 5:1 
C) 10:1 
D) 20:1

Question 6

In the bicarbonate buffer system, the weak base bicarbonate is used to buffer a strong acid such as HCl.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium are all mineral elements that are acidic in solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The linkage between the hydrogen and potassium ions in the kidney can cause a drop in blood potassium when large amounts of hydrogen ion need to be excreted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A solution with a pH of 6 would have a hydrogen ion concentration of _____ per liter.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.000006 
B) 0.0000001 
C) 0.000001 
D) None of the above is correct. 
A) 0.000006 
B) 0.0000001 
C) 0.000001 
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 10

Ketone bodies are buffered mainly by plasma proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-Carbonic acid deficit that can be caused by hyperventilation from fever or hysteria

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 12

How does the body respond if respiratory mechanisms are unable to stop a pH shift?

Accepted Answer

A) A renal physiological buffer system involving the excretion of either an acid or alkaline urine will be initiated within 24 hours. 
B) Bicarbonate buffers immediately combine with any added acid or alkali that enters the body fluids, thus preventing drastic changes in pH. 
C) Phosphate buffers immediately combine with any added acid or alkali that enters the body fluids, thus preventing drastic changes in pH. 
D) Protein buffers immediately combine with any added acid or alkali that enters the body fluids, thus preventing drastic changes in pH. 
A) A renal physiological buffer system involving the excretion of either an acid or alkaline urine will be initiated within 24 hours. 
B) Bicarbonate buffers immediately combine with any added acid or alkali that enters the body fluids, thus preventing drastic changes in pH. 
C) Phosphate buffers immediately combine with any added acid or alkali that enters the body fluids, thus preventing drastic changes in pH. 
D) Protein buffers immediately combine with any added acid or alkali that enters the body fluids, thus preventing drastic changes in pH.

Question 13

Which of the following is considered a direct acid-forming food?

Accepted Answer

A) Citrus fruit 
B) Vinegar 
C) Cranberries 
D) All of the above are considered direct acid-forming foods 
A) Citrus fruit 
B) Vinegar 
C) Cranberries 
D) All of the above are considered direct acid-forming foods

Question 14

Cranberries are said to direct acid-forming foods.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of these is true about the metabolism of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) Aerobic metabolism produces lactic acid. 
B) Anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid. 
C) Anaerobic metabolism produces carbonic acid. 
D) Both A and C are true about the metabolism of glucose. 
A) Aerobic metabolism produces lactic acid. 
B) Anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid. 
C) Anaerobic metabolism produces carbonic acid. 
D) Both A and C are true about the metabolism of glucose.

Question 16

Both the distal tubule cells and the red blood cells use carbonic anhydrase to help combine carbon dioxide and water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Susan has been experiencing prolonged hypoventilation. If not treated soon, Susan may develop what condition?

Accepted Answer

A) Prolonged hypoventilation may decrease blood pH enough to produce acidosis. 
B) Prolonged hypoventilation may increase blood pH enough to produce alkalosis. 
C) Prolonged hypoventilation may reduce the renal tubule ion exchange mechanisms. 
D) Prolonged hypoventilation may lead to hyperkalemia. 
A) Prolonged hypoventilation may decrease blood pH enough to produce acidosis. 
B) Prolonged hypoventilation may increase blood pH enough to produce alkalosis. 
C) Prolonged hypoventilation may reduce the renal tubule ion exchange mechanisms. 
D) Prolonged hypoventilation may lead to hyperkalemia.

Question 18

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-Arterial blood pH of less than 7.35

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 19

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid results from the metabolism of:

Accepted Answer

A) glucose. 
B) amino acids. 
C) fats. 
D) ribonucleotides. 
A) glucose. 
B) amino acids. 
C) fats. 
D) ribonucleotides.

Question 20

A buffer would prevent any lowering of pH if a strong acid were added to a solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 44: Acid-Base Balance

The kidney is able to secrete hydrogen ions, which causes an increase in urine pH but a decrease in blood pH.

In the body, which of the following substances might be used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH?

Why does arterial blood have a lower hydrogen ion concentration than venous blood?

A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 × 10-⁴ per liter would be a(n):

Which of the following ratios of base bicarbonate to carbonic acid will maintain a normal pH?

In the bicarbonate buffer system, the weak base bicarbonate is used to buffer a strong acid such as HCl.

Potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium are all mineral elements that are acidic in solution.

The linkage between the hydrogen and potassium ions in the kidney can cause a drop in blood potassium when large amounts of hydrogen ion need to be excreted.

A solution with a pH of 6 would have a hydrogen ion concentration of _____ per liter.

Ketone bodies are buffered mainly by plasma proteins.

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -Carbonic acid deficit that can be caused by hyperventilation from fever or hysteria

How does the body respond if respiratory mechanisms are unable to stop a pH shift?

Which of the following is considered a direct acid-forming food?

Cranberries are said to direct acid-forming foods.

Which of these is true about the metabolism of glucose?

Both the distal tubule cells and the red blood cells use carbonic anhydrase to help combine carbon dioxide and water.

Susan has been experiencing prolonged hypoventilation. If not treated soon, Susan may develop what condition?

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -Arterial blood pH of less than 7.35

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid results from the metabolism of:

A buffer would prevent any lowering of pH if a strong acid were added to a solution.

Organization of the Body

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