Question 1

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-Process that allows carbon dioxide to be buffered in the RBC and then carried as bicarbonate in the plasma

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 2

In the bicarbonate buffer pair, NaHCO₃ acts as the weak acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 × 10-¹ per liter would have a pH of:

Accepted Answer

A) 10. 
B) -1. 
C) 1. 
D) none of the above. 
A) 10. 
B) -1. 
C) 1. 
D) none of the above.

Question 4

Which of the following would be important in treating metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Increasing bicarbonate ions 
B) Increasing chloride ions 
C) Decreasing potassium ions 
D) Decreasing sodium ions 
A) Increasing bicarbonate ions 
B) Increasing chloride ions 
C) Decreasing potassium ions 
D) Decreasing sodium ions

Question 5

Which of the following types of acids would be produced as a result of glucose catabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) Acetoacetic 
B) Phosphoric 
C) Lactic 
D) Sulfuric 
A) Acetoacetic 
B) Phosphoric 
C) Lactic 
D) Sulfuric

Question 6

Because intracellular fluid is in equilibrium with interstitial fluid and blood plasma, it also has a pH of 7.41.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which statement best outlines the reason hyperventilation can result in loss of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

A) Hyperventilation eliminates too little CO2, causes an increase in blood H2CO3 and consequently in blood H+, and thereby may produce acidosis. 
B) Increases in oxygen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
C) Decreases in hydrogen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
D) Increases in hydrogen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
A) Hyperventilation eliminates too little CO2, causes an increase in blood H2CO3 and consequently in blood H+, and thereby may produce acidosis. 
B) Increases in oxygen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
C) Decreases in hydrogen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
D) Increases in hydrogen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma.

Question 8

Acetone, acetoacetic acid, and lactic acid accumulate during the incomplete breakdown of fats.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Vomiting results in alkalosis because of the loss of sodium from the stomach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A pregnant patient who has been experiencing repeated vomiting episodes is admitted to the hospital by her obstetrician. After a series of tests determines that she is suffering from metabolic alkalosis, the physician orders intravenous administration of normal saline. How will this help the patient?

Accepted Answer

A) It will reduce the vomiting episodes. 
B) The chloride ions of the solution will replace the acidic ions and relieve the acidic excess responsible for her condition. 
C) The chloride ions of the solution will replace bicarbonate ions and relieve the bicarbonate excess responsible for her condition. 
D) The sodium ions of the solution will introduce more bicarbonate ions and relieve the bicarbonate shortage responsible for her condition. 
A) It will reduce the vomiting episodes. 
B) The chloride ions of the solution will replace the acidic ions and relieve the acidic excess responsible for her condition. 
C) The chloride ions of the solution will replace bicarbonate ions and relieve the bicarbonate excess responsible for her condition. 
D) The sodium ions of the solution will introduce more bicarbonate ions and relieve the bicarbonate shortage responsible for her condition.

Question 11

An elevated blood bicarbonate level may be an indication that the kidneys are excreting hydrogen ions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Bicarbonate loading can lead to diarrhea and electrolyte imbalance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In the bicarbonate buffer system, the weak acid carbonic acid is used to buffer a strong acid such as HCl.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

On the pH scale, as the value moves from 14 toward 7, the concentration of hydroxide ions increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

If HCl were buffered by NaHCO₃, the formation of _____ would not occur.

Accepted Answer

A) NaCl 
B) water 
C) H-HCO3 
D) All of the above would occur. 
A) NaCl 
B) water 
C) H-HCO3 
D) All of the above would occur.

Question 16

Prolonged hyperventilation tends to:

Accepted Answer

A) produce alkalosis. 
B) decrease blood pH. 
C) produce acidosis. 
D) stimulate increased production of carbonic acid. 
A) produce alkalosis. 
B) decrease blood pH. 
C) produce acidosis. 
D) stimulate increased production of carbonic acid.

Question 17

Explain the methods the kidney uses to help control the pH of the blood.

Accepted Answer

The kidneys help control the pH of the b

Question 18

Sulfuric acid results from the metabolism of:

Accepted Answer

A) glucose. 
B) amino acids. 
C) fats. 
D) ribonucleotides. 
A) glucose. 
B) amino acids. 
C) fats. 
D) ribonucleotides.

Question 19

Kidney tubule base bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion excretion both tend to:

Accepted Answer

A) acidify blood by creating alkaline urine. 
B) alkalinize blood by acidifying urine. 
C) increase blood pH, which accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. 
D) decrease blood pH, which reduces tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. 
A) acidify blood by creating alkaline urine. 
B) alkalinize blood by acidifying urine. 
C) increase blood pH, which accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. 
D) decrease blood pH, which reduces tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia.

Question 20

Toxic accumulation of acidic ketone bodies is a common complication of untreated:

Accepted Answer

A) kidney disease. 
B) diabetes mellitus. 
C) respiratory distress syndrome. 
D) deficiency of carbonic anhydrase in the blood. 
A) kidney disease. 
B) diabetes mellitus. 
C) respiratory distress syndrome. 
D) deficiency of carbonic anhydrase in the blood.

Exam 44: Acid-Base Balance

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -Process that allows carbon dioxide to be buffered in the RBC and then carried as bicarbonate in the plasma

In the bicarbonate buffer pair, NaHCO₃ acts as the weak acid.

A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 × 10-¹ per liter would have a pH of:

Which of the following would be important in treating metabolic alkalosis?

Which of the following types of acids would be produced as a result of glucose catabolism?

Because intracellular fluid is in equilibrium with interstitial fluid and blood plasma, it also has a pH of 7.41.

Which statement best outlines the reason hyperventilation can result in loss of consciousness?

Acetone, acetoacetic acid, and lactic acid accumulate during the incomplete breakdown of fats.

Vomiting results in alkalosis because of the loss of sodium from the stomach.

An elevated blood bicarbonate level may be an indication that the kidneys are excreting hydrogen ions.

Bicarbonate loading can lead to diarrhea and electrolyte imbalance.

In the bicarbonate buffer system, the weak acid carbonic acid is used to buffer a strong acid such as HCl.

On the pH scale, as the value moves from 14 toward 7, the concentration of hydroxide ions increases.

If HCl were buffered by NaHCO₃, the formation of _____ would not occur.

Prolonged hyperventilation tends to:

Explain the methods the kidney uses to help control the pH of the blood.

Sulfuric acid results from the metabolism of:

Kidney tubule base bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion excretion both tend to:

Toxic accumulation of acidic ketone bodies is a common complication of untreated:

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