Question 1

The metabolism of ribonucleotides increases the hydrogen ion concentration of extracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

An increase in the base bicarbonate/carbonic acid ratio causes uncompensated acidosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The more hydrogen ions excreted by the renal tubules, the more potassium ions excreted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Bicarbonate loading can lead to metabolic acidosis and disastrous effects if used long-term.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The functioning of the Na-K pump transport mechanism falls by 50% if the pH:

Accepted Answer

A) falls by 1 unit. 
B) falls by 2 units. 
C) falls by 3 units. 
D) rises by 1 unit. 
A) falls by 1 unit. 
B) falls by 2 units. 
C) falls by 3 units. 
D) rises by 1 unit.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a base-forming element?

Accepted Answer

A) Chlorine 
B) Potassium 
C) Sodium 
D) Magnesium 
A) Chlorine 
B) Potassium 
C) Sodium 
D) Magnesium

Question 7

A man was advised to acidify his urine to help reduce the development of kidney stones. To accomplish that, he has been drinking a large glass of grapefruit juice every day. Which of the following explains why this is ineffective and gives a food choice that will make his urine acidic?

Accepted Answer

A) Grapefruit juice is not acid forming when metabolized; cranberry juice is acid forming and will acidify his blood, resulting in a decreased urine pH. 
B) Grapefruit juice is not acid forming when metabolized; orange juice is acid forming and will acidify his blood, resulting in a decreased urine pH. 
C) Grapefruit juice will acidify both blood and urine, thereby balancing the urine pH; beet juice will change the pH in the urine. 
D) Grapefruit juice is not acid forming when metabolized; a calcium carbonate tablet will acidify his blood resulting in a decreased urine pH. 
A) Grapefruit juice is not acid forming when metabolized; cranberry juice is acid forming and will acidify his blood, resulting in a decreased urine pH. 
B) Grapefruit juice is not acid forming when metabolized; orange juice is acid forming and will acidify his blood, resulting in a decreased urine pH. 
C) Grapefruit juice will acidify both blood and urine, thereby balancing the urine pH; beet juice will change the pH in the urine. 
D) Grapefruit juice is not acid forming when metabolized; a calcium carbonate tablet will acidify his blood resulting in a decreased urine pH.

Question 8

The blood in the pulmonary artery has a lower pH than the blood in the aorta.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Some athletes engage in a technique called bicarbonate loading that is said to counteract the lactic acid buildup. This practice raises concerns because excess bicarbonate intake:

Accepted Answer

A) can trigger fluid and electrolyte imbalances, which may lead to metabolic acidosis. 
B) can trigger fluid and electrolyte imbalances, which may lead to metabolic alkalosis. 
C) may lead to uncompensated acidosis. 
D) may lead to "acid blood." 
A) can trigger fluid and electrolyte imbalances, which may lead to metabolic acidosis. 
B) can trigger fluid and electrolyte imbalances, which may lead to metabolic alkalosis. 
C) may lead to uncompensated acidosis. 
D) may lead to "acid blood."

Question 10

Direct acid-forming foods contain acids that cannot be metabolized.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

If the blood pH decreases below normal, the kidney tubules secrete:

Accepted Answer

A) fewer hydrogen ions from blood to urine. 
B) more hydrogen ions from blood to urine. 
C) more sodium ions into the urine. 
D) Both A and C are correct. 
A) fewer hydrogen ions from blood to urine. 
B) more hydrogen ions from blood to urine. 
C) more sodium ions into the urine. 
D) Both A and C are correct.

Question 12

An example of a physiological buffer system (with a delayed response time) would be the _____ system.

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory response 
B) protein buffer 
C) bicarbonate buffer 
D) phosphate buffer 
A) respiratory response 
B) protein buffer 
C) bicarbonate buffer 
D) phosphate buffer

Question 13

When the renal tubules reabsorb sodium ions, they normally exchange (secrete) which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Potassium ions 
B) Chloride ions 
C) Hydrogen 
D) Either potassium or hydrogen 
A) Potassium ions 
B) Chloride ions 
C) Hydrogen 
D) Either potassium or hydrogen

Question 14

A chloride shift that occurs in the neutralization of carbonic acid involves the replacement of a bicarbonate ion for chloride ions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A patient was advised to acidify his urine to help reduce the development of kidney stones. He has been drinking a large glass of grapefruit juice every day to accomplish this. Explain why this is ineffective. What food choices might he make to help him acidify his urine?

Accepted Answer

The patient's choice of grapefruit juice

Question 16

Which of the following would indicate a neutral solution?

Accepted Answer

A) pH 7 
B) pH 6 
C) pH 8 
D) pH 10 
A) pH 7 
B) pH 6 
C) pH 8 
D) pH 10

Question 17

The chloride shift makes it possible for carbon dioxide to be buffered in the red blood cell and then carried as bicarbonate in the plasma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following would be important in treating metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Chloride ions 
B) Bicarbonate ions 
C) Sodium ions 
D) Potassium ions 
A) Chloride ions 
B) Bicarbonate ions 
C) Sodium ions 
D) Potassium ions

Question 19

The respiratory center is stimulated if the:

Accepted Answer

A) amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood increases. 
B) amount of carbon dioxide in venous blood increases. 
C) pH of the blood goes above 7.41. 
D) Any of the above will stimulate the respiratory center. 
A) amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood increases. 
B) amount of carbon dioxide in venous blood increases. 
C) pH of the blood goes above 7.41. 
D) Any of the above will stimulate the respiratory center.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypoventilation can cause alkalosis. 
B) Hyperventilation can cause acidosis. 
C) Hyperventilation can cause a drop in pH. 
D) Hypoventilation can cause a drop in pH. 
A) Hypoventilation can cause alkalosis. 
B) Hyperventilation can cause acidosis. 
C) Hyperventilation can cause a drop in pH. 
D) Hypoventilation can cause a drop in pH.

Exam 44: Acid-Base Balance

The metabolism of ribonucleotides increases the hydrogen ion concentration of extracellular fluid.

An increase in the base bicarbonate/carbonic acid ratio causes uncompensated acidosis.

The more hydrogen ions excreted by the renal tubules, the more potassium ions excreted.

Bicarbonate loading can lead to metabolic acidosis and disastrous effects if used long-term.

The functioning of the Na-K pump transport mechanism falls by 50% if the pH:

Which of the following is not a base-forming element?

A man was advised to acidify his urine to help reduce the development of kidney stones. To accomplish that, he has been drinking a large glass of grapefruit juice every day. Which of the following explains why this is ineffective and gives a food choice that will make his urine acidic?

The blood in the pulmonary artery has a lower pH than the blood in the aorta.

Some athletes engage in a technique called bicarbonate loading that is said to counteract the lactic acid buildup. This practice raises concerns because excess bicarbonate intake:

Direct acid-forming foods contain acids that cannot be metabolized.

If the blood pH decreases below normal, the kidney tubules secrete:

An example of a physiological buffer system (with a delayed response time) would be the _____ system.

When the renal tubules reabsorb sodium ions, they normally exchange (secrete) which of the following?

A chloride shift that occurs in the neutralization of carbonic acid involves the replacement of a bicarbonate ion for chloride ions.

A patient was advised to acidify his urine to help reduce the development of kidney stones. He has been drinking a large glass of grapefruit juice every day to accomplish this. Explain why this is ineffective. What food choices might he make to help him acidify his urine?

Which of the following would indicate a neutral solution?

The chloride shift makes it possible for carbon dioxide to be buffered in the red blood cell and then carried as bicarbonate in the plasma.

Which of the following would be important in treating metabolic alkalosis?

The respiratory center is stimulated if the:

Which of the following statements is true?

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