Question 1

Which of the following is not a means of transporting oxygen in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) As oxyhemoglobin 
B) Combined with the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) 
C) Dissolved in the plasma 
D) All of the above are used to transport oxygen in the blood. 
A) As oxyhemoglobin 
B) Combined with the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) 
C) Dissolved in the plasma 
D) All of the above are used to transport oxygen in the blood. B

Question 2

Briefly describe and diagram the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve.

Accepted Answer

The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve illustrates the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen. At low PO2 levels, such as in tissues, hemoglobin has a low affinity for oxygen and releases it readily. As PO2 increases, hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen also increases, allowing it to bind more oxygen. This relationship forms a sigmoidal curve, with a steep increase in oxygen saturation as PO2 rises, reaching a plateau at high PO2 levels.

The curve demonstrates the cooperative binding of oxygen to hemoglobin, where the binding of one oxygen molecule increases the affinity for subsequent oxygen molecules. This allows for efficient oxygen loading in the lungs and oxygen unloading in the tissues.

The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is important in understanding how oxygen is transported in the blood and how it is released to tissues. It also helps in understanding how factors such as pH, temperature, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) can affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen.

A typical oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is plotted with PO2 on the x-axis and percent saturation of hemoglobin on the y-axis. The curve starts at a low saturation at low PO2 levels, rises steeply in the middle range of PO2, and then levels off at a high saturation at high PO2 levels. This sigmoidal shape reflects the cooperative binding of oxygen to hemoglobin.

Question 3

The Bohr effect explains what happens to oxygen, whereas the Haldane effect explains what happens to carbon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

If anything decreases alveolar PO₂, how does that affect the alveolar-blood oxygen pressure gradient?

Accepted Answer

A) Anything that decreases alveolar PO2 tends to increase the alveolar-blood oxygen pressure gradient and, therefore, tends to increase the amount of oxygen entering the blood. 
B) Anything that decreases alveolar PO2 tends to decrease the alveolar-blood oxygen pressure gradient and, therefore, tends to decrease the amount of oxygen entering the blood. 
C) Anything that decreases alveolar PO2 tends to increase the alveolar-blood diffusion rate and, therefore, tends to increase the amount of oxygen entering the blood. 
D) Anything that decreases PO2 tends to increase arterial-blood PO2 and, therefore, tends to decrease the amount of oxygen entering the blood. 
A) Anything that decreases alveolar PO2 tends to increase the alveolar-blood oxygen pressure gradient and, therefore, tends to increase the amount of oxygen entering the blood. 
B) Anything that decreases alveolar PO2 tends to decrease the alveolar-blood oxygen pressure gradient and, therefore, tends to decrease the amount of oxygen entering the blood. 
C) Anything that decreases alveolar PO2 tends to increase the alveolar-blood diffusion rate and, therefore, tends to increase the amount of oxygen entering the blood. 
D) Anything that decreases PO2 tends to increase arterial-blood PO2 and, therefore, tends to decrease the amount of oxygen entering the blood.

Question 5

White blood cells do not have a role in oxygen transport.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Hemoglobin is made up of four polypeptide chains: an alpha, a beta, a gamma, and a delta.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

According to the rate laws of chemistry, the more carbon dioxide in the blood, the more carbaminohemoglobin will be formed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

An increase in the plasma PCO₂ and a decrease in PO₂ cause an increase in the dissociation of CO₂ from hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following would have the greatest accelerating effect on the dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased PO2 
B) Decreased PCO2 
C) Decreased PO2 and decreased PCO2 
D) Decreased PO2 and increased PCO2 
A) Increased PO2 
B) Decreased PCO2 
C) Decreased PO2 and decreased PCO2 
D) Decreased PO2 and increased PCO2

Question 10

Each hemoglobin molecule can carry how many oxygen molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) One 
B) Two 
C) Four 
D) Eight 
A) One 
B) Two 
C) Four 
D) Eight

Question 11

Iron is important in hemoglobin because it carries oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide away from the cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Explain Dalton law as it relates to the movement of oxygen from the lungs into the circulatory system.

Accepted Answer

Dalton's law states that in a mixture of

Question 13

In the lung oxygen moves down its pressure gradient, whereas carbon dioxide moves up its pressure gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Although interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid oxygen partial pressure values are not definitely established, they are known to stay within a very narrow range.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

There is one iron atom in one heme group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The PCO₂ in the atmosphere is:

Accepted Answer

A) less than in the alveolar air. 
B) greater than in the alveolar air. 
C) equal to the alveolar air. 
D) greater than arterial blood. 
A) less than in the alveolar air. 
B) greater than in the alveolar air. 
C) equal to the alveolar air. 
D) greater than arterial blood.

Question 17

An increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreases the affinity between hemoglobin and oxygen. This is called a right shift, or the Haldane effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The PO₂ is higher in the femoral artery than in the femoral vein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The formation of carbaminohemoglobin is a reversible reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

About 98.5% of the oxygen carried by systemic arterial blood is attached to:

Accepted Answer

A) bicarbonate ions. 
B) hemoglobin. 
C) carbaminohemoglobin. 
D) chloride ions. 
A) bicarbonate ions. 
B) hemoglobin. 
C) carbaminohemoglobin. 
D) chloride ions.

Exam 37: Gas Exchange Transport

Which of the following is not a means of transporting oxygen in the blood?

Briefly describe and diagram the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve.

The Bohr effect explains what happens to oxygen, whereas the Haldane effect explains what happens to carbon dioxide.

If anything decreases alveolar PO₂, how does that affect the alveolar-blood oxygen pressure gradient?

White blood cells do not have a role in oxygen transport.

Hemoglobin is made up of four polypeptide chains: an alpha, a beta, a gamma, and a delta.

According to the rate laws of chemistry, the more carbon dioxide in the blood, the more carbaminohemoglobin will be formed.

An increase in the plasma PCO₂ and a decrease in PO₂ cause an increase in the dissociation of CO₂ from hemoglobin.

Which of the following would have the greatest accelerating effect on the dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin?

Each hemoglobin molecule can carry how many oxygen molecules?

Iron is important in hemoglobin because it carries oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide away from the cells.

Explain Dalton law as it relates to the movement of oxygen from the lungs into the circulatory system.

In the lung oxygen moves down its pressure gradient, whereas carbon dioxide moves up its pressure gradient.

Although interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid oxygen partial pressure values are not definitely established, they are known to stay within a very narrow range.

There is one iron atom in one heme group.

The PCO₂ in the atmosphere is:

An increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreases the affinity between hemoglobin and oxygen. This is called a right shift, or the Haldane effect.

The PO₂ is higher in the femoral artery than in the femoral vein.

The formation of carbaminohemoglobin is a reversible reaction.

About 98.5% of the oxygen carried by systemic arterial blood is attached to:

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