Question 1

If a strong acid were added to the phosphate buffer pair, the amount of Na₂HPO₄ in the solution would increase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The process of exchanging a bicarbonate ion formed in the red blood cell with a chloride ion from the plasma is called the chloride shift.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Why are metabolic and respiratory acidosis treated by the intravenous infusion of solutions containing sodium lactate?

Accepted Answer

A) The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to sodium ions, which help replace the depleted sodium reserves required to restore acid-base balance. 
B) The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to potassium ions, which help restore the depleted potassium reserves required to restore acid-base balance. 
C) The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to carbonic acid, which helps restore the depleted bicarbonate reserves required to restore acid-base balance. 
D) The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to bicarbonate ions, which help restore the depleted bicarbonate reserves required to restore acid-base balance. 
A) The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to sodium ions, which help replace the depleted sodium reserves required to restore acid-base balance. 
B) The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to potassium ions, which help restore the depleted potassium reserves required to restore acid-base balance. 
C) The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to carbonic acid, which helps restore the depleted bicarbonate reserves required to restore acid-base balance. 
D) The infused lactate ions are metabolized by the liver cells and converted to bicarbonate ions, which help restore the depleted bicarbonate reserves required to restore acid-base balance.

Question 4

A vegetarian diet would tend to produce an alkaline state in body fluids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-Bicarbonate deficit that could be caused by untreated diabetes mellitus or starvation

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 6

A decrease in blood pH:

Accepted Answer

A) accelerates the renal tubule ion exchange mechanisms. 
B) causes a decrease in the renal tubule excretion of ammonia. 
C) has no effect on the renal tubule excretion of ammonia (because of respiratory compensations). 
D) produces an increase in the pH of the urine through the chloride shift. 
A) accelerates the renal tubule ion exchange mechanisms. 
B) causes a decrease in the renal tubule excretion of ammonia. 
C) has no effect on the renal tubule excretion of ammonia (because of respiratory compensations). 
D) produces an increase in the pH of the urine through the chloride shift.

Question 7

Phosphoric acid accumulates when what is broken down in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) Fats 
B) Amino acids 
C) Ribonucleotides 
D) Carbohydrates 
A) Fats 
B) Amino acids 
C) Ribonucleotides 
D) Carbohydrates

Question 8

A rare but very serious complication of metformin therapy is:

Accepted Answer

A) hyperkalemia. 
B) lactic acidosis. 
C) uncompensated acidosis. 
D) uncompensated alkalosis. 
A) hyperkalemia. 
B) lactic acidosis. 
C) uncompensated acidosis. 
D) uncompensated alkalosis.

Question 9

Normally the blood buffer system converts a strong acid to a weak acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-Substance that prevents marked changes in the pH of a solution

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 11

Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A) Arterial blood has a higher hydrogen ion concentration than venous blood. 
B) Venous blood has a higher pH than arterial blood. 
C) Arterial blood has an average pH of 7.41. 
D) Venous blood has a lower hydrogen ion concentration than arterial blood. 
A) Arterial blood has a higher hydrogen ion concentration than venous blood. 
B) Venous blood has a higher pH than arterial blood. 
C) Arterial blood has an average pH of 7.41. 
D) Venous blood has a lower hydrogen ion concentration than arterial blood.

Question 12

High-protein foods are referred to as acid forming.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Overall, the kidney is less effective in controlling blood hydrogen ion concentration than is the respiratory system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

An increase in blood pH accelerates the renal tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The function of a number of proteins in the body requires that the normal hydrogen ion concentration be maintained.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Identify the main buffer pairs present in body fluids. How do these buffer pairs function to limit large changes in pH?

Accepted Answer

The main buffer pairs present in body fl

Question 17

The most acidic substance in the body is:

Accepted Answer

A) stomach acid. 
B) saliva. 
C) blood. 
D) cerebrospinal fluid. 
A) stomach acid. 
B) saliva. 
C) blood. 
D) cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 18

Describe the respiratory compensation for a change in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

The respiratory compensation for a chang

Question 19

When NaOH is added to a buffered solution, one of the substances produced is water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A change in pH can make an important enzyme in the cell unable to function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 44: Acid-Base Balance

If a strong acid were added to the phosphate buffer pair, the amount of Na₂HPO₄ in the solution would increase.

The process of exchanging a bicarbonate ion formed in the red blood cell with a chloride ion from the plasma is called the chloride shift.

Why are metabolic and respiratory acidosis treated by the intravenous infusion of solutions containing sodium lactate?

A vegetarian diet would tend to produce an alkaline state in body fluids.

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -Bicarbonate deficit that could be caused by untreated diabetes mellitus or starvation

A decrease in blood pH:

Phosphoric acid accumulates when what is broken down in the body?

A rare but very serious complication of metformin therapy is:

Normally the blood buffer system converts a strong acid to a weak acid.

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -Substance that prevents marked changes in the pH of a solution

Which of the following is a true statement?

High-protein foods are referred to as acid forming.

Overall, the kidney is less effective in controlling blood hydrogen ion concentration than is the respiratory system.

An increase in blood pH accelerates the renal tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia.

The function of a number of proteins in the body requires that the normal hydrogen ion concentration be maintained.

Identify the main buffer pairs present in body fluids. How do these buffer pairs function to limit large changes in pH?

The most acidic substance in the body is:

Describe the respiratory compensation for a change in blood pH.

When NaOH is added to a buffered solution, one of the substances produced is water.

A change in pH can make an important enzyme in the cell unable to function.

Organization of the Body

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Chemistry of Life

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