Question 1

Explain why the cells of the adrenal medulla can be considered sympathetic postganglionic neurons with no specific effector organ.

Accepted Answer

The cells of the adrenal medulla can be

Question 2

Match each term with its description or definition.
-Structure through which preganglionic sympathetic neurons that did not synapse in the sympathetic chain ganglion continue

Accepted Answer

A) Sympathetic nervous system 
B) Parasympathetic nervous system 
C) Alpha receptor 
D) Nicotinic receptor 
E) Sympathetic trunk
F)Splanchnic nerve
G)"Fight or flight"
H)"Rest and repair"
I)Acetylcholine
J)Norepinephrine 
A) Sympathetic nervous system 
B) Parasympathetic nervous system 
C) Alpha receptor 
D) Nicotinic receptor 
E) Sympathetic trunk
F)Splanchnic nerve
G)"Fight or flight"
H)"Rest and repair"
I)Acetylcholine
J)Norepinephrine

Question 3

Acetylcholine affects visceral effectors by first binding to alpha receptors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Explain physiologically how a beta blocker affects heart muscle activity.

Accepted Answer

Beta blockers work by blocking the actio

Question 5

The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and through summation of the impulses, the effect can be increased.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Match each term with its description or definition.
-Informal term used to describe the response of the body to parasympathetic nervous system stimulation

Accepted Answer

A) Sympathetic nervous system 
B) Parasympathetic nervous system 
C) Alpha receptor 
D) Nicotinic receptor 
E) Sympathetic trunk
F)Splanchnic nerve
G)"Fight or flight"
H)"Rest and repair"
I)Acetylcholine
J)Norepinephrine 
A) Sympathetic nervous system 
B) Parasympathetic nervous system 
C) Alpha receptor 
D) Nicotinic receptor 
E) Sympathetic trunk
F)Splanchnic nerve
G)"Fight or flight"
H)"Rest and repair"
I)Acetylcholine
J)Norepinephrine

Question 7

Match each term with its description or definition.
-Neurotransmitter released by adrenergic fibers

Accepted Answer

A) Sympathetic nervous system 
B) Parasympathetic nervous system 
C) Alpha receptor 
D) Nicotinic receptor 
E) Sympathetic trunk
F)Splanchnic nerve
G)"Fight or flight"
H)"Rest and repair"
I)Acetylcholine
J)Norepinephrine 
A) Sympathetic nervous system 
B) Parasympathetic nervous system 
C) Alpha receptor 
D) Nicotinic receptor 
E) Sympathetic trunk
F)Splanchnic nerve
G)"Fight or flight"
H)"Rest and repair"
I)Acetylcholine
J)Norepinephrine

Question 8

Mrs. Fearful has surgery in the morning. At her preoperative checkup, her blood pressure and glucose level are elevated. What might be the cause of this temporary increase?

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Fearful's elevated blood pressure a

Question 9

How does a dually innervated autonomic effector differ from a singly innervated autonomic effector?

Accepted Answer

A) A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input from only the sympathetic division. 
B) A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input from only the parasympathetic division. 
C) A dually innervated effector utilizes both acetylcholine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters. A singly innervated autonomic effector utilizes only acetylcholine. 
D) A dually innervated effector utilizes both acetylcholine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters. A singly innervated autonomic effector uses only norepinephrine. 
A) A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input from only the sympathetic division. 
B) A dually innervated effector receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways. A singly innervated autonomic effector receives input from only the parasympathetic division. 
C) A dually innervated effector utilizes both acetylcholine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters. A singly innervated autonomic effector utilizes only acetylcholine. 
D) A dually innervated effector utilizes both acetylcholine and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters. A singly innervated autonomic effector uses only norepinephrine.

Question 10

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are similar in that they both have two efferent neurons between the CNS and the effector organ.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is not an example of sympathetic stimulation?

Accepted Answer

A) Constriction of the bronchioles 
B) Decreased secretion of the pancreas 
C) Constriction of the urinary sphincters 
D) Dilation of skeletal muscle blood vessels 
A) Constriction of the bronchioles 
B) Decreased secretion of the pancreas 
C) Constriction of the urinary sphincters 
D) Dilation of skeletal muscle blood vessels

Question 12

A child was frightened by a large dog. The pupils of the child's eyes became dilated, and the heart and respiratory rates increased. These symptoms were caused by stimulation of:

Accepted Answer

A) the parasympathetic nervous system. 
B) the sympathetic nervous system. 
C) both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous systems. 
D) None of the above would account for the symptoms. 
A) the parasympathetic nervous system. 
B) the sympathetic nervous system. 
C) both the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous systems. 
D) None of the above would account for the symptoms.

Question 13

Explain the way parasympathetic neurons travel from the CNS to their effector organs. Compare the relative length between the parasympathetic pre- and postganglionic neurons.

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic neurons travel from the

Question 14

Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber may:

Accepted Answer

A) synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron. 
B) send ascending and/or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia. 
C) pass through one or more ganglia without synapsing. 
D) do all of the above. 
A) synapse with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron. 
B) send ascending and/or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia. 
C) pass through one or more ganglia without synapsing. 
D) do all of the above.

Question 15

Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The autonomic nervous system functions chiefly in the:

Accepted Answer

A) coordination of muscular activity. 
B) innervation of smooth muscle in the viscera. 
C) reception of sensory impulses. 
D) arousal of alerting mechanism. 
A) coordination of muscular activity. 
B) innervation of smooth muscle in the viscera. 
C) reception of sensory impulses. 
D) arousal of alerting mechanism.

Question 17

Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in:

Accepted Answer

A) the white columns of the sacral segments of the spinal cord. 
B) the lateral gray columns of thoracic segments of the spinal cord. 
C) nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord. 
D) collateral ganglia. 
A) the white columns of the sacral segments of the spinal cord. 
B) the lateral gray columns of thoracic segments of the spinal cord. 
C) nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral gray columns of the sacral cord. 
D) collateral ganglia.

Question 18

Nicotinic receptors are located on the dendrites of all preganglionic neurons of both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The gray ramus consists of postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The "fight-or-flight" reaction is a normal response in times of stress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 22: Autonomic Nervous System

Explain why the cells of the adrenal medulla can be considered sympathetic postganglionic neurons with no specific effector organ.

Match each term with its description or definition. -Structure through which preganglionic sympathetic neurons that did not synapse in the sympathetic chain ganglion continue

Acetylcholine affects visceral effectors by first binding to alpha receptors.

Explain physiologically how a beta blocker affects heart muscle activity.

The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions always act with a cooperative influence, and through summation of the impulses, the effect can be increased.

Match each term with its description or definition. -Informal term used to describe the response of the body to parasympathetic nervous system stimulation

Match each term with its description or definition. -Neurotransmitter released by adrenergic fibers

Mrs. Fearful has surgery in the morning. At her preoperative checkup, her blood pressure and glucose level are elevated. What might be the cause of this temporary increase?

How does a dually innervated autonomic effector differ from a singly innervated autonomic effector?

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are similar in that they both have two efferent neurons between the CNS and the effector organ.

Which of the following is not an example of sympathetic stimulation?

A child was frightened by a large dog. The pupils of the child's eyes became dilated, and the heart and respiratory rates increased. These symptoms were caused by stimulation of:

Explain the way parasympathetic neurons travel from the CNS to their effector organs. Compare the relative length between the parasympathetic pre- and postganglionic neurons.

Once inside the sympathetic chain ganglion, the preganglionic fiber may:

Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs.

The autonomic nervous system functions chiefly in the:

Parasympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in:

Nicotinic receptors are located on the dendrites of all preganglionic neurons of both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions.

The gray ramus consists of postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system.

The "fight-or-flight" reaction is a normal response in times of stress.

Organization of the Body

Homeostasis

Chemistry of Life

Biomolecules

Cell Structure

Cell Function

Cell Growth and Development

Introduction to Tissues

Tissue Types

Skin

Skeletal Tissues

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Axial Muscles

Appendicular Muscles

Muscle Contraction

Nervous System Cells

Nerve Signaling

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

General Senses

Special Senses

Endocrine Regulation

Endocrine Glands

Blood

Heart

Blood Vessels

Circulation of the Blood

Lymphatic System

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Stress

Respiratory Tract

Ventilation

Gas Exchange Transport

Upper Digestive Tract

Lower Digestive Tract

Digestion and Absorption

Nutrition and Metabolism

Urinary System

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid-Base Balance

Male Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System

Growth, Development, and Aging

Genetics and Heredity

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