Question 1

Which of the following ions is not normally secreted into the distal or collecting tubules?

Accepted Answer

A) Potassium 
B) Hydrogen 
C) Ammonium 
D) Sodium 
A) Potassium 
B) Hydrogen 
C) Ammonium 
D) Sodium

Question 2

Nitrogenous wastes such as urea, uric acid, and ammonia are lost in the urine, and of these, uric acid is the most abundant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Renin is released in response to a rise in blood pressure in the afferent arteriole.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location.
-Structure into which the proximal convoluted tubule empties

Accepted Answer

A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Glomerular capsule 
D) Nephron loop 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta 
A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Glomerular capsule 
D) Nephron loop 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta

Question 5

Which of the following structures does not enter or leave through the hilum of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A) Calyx 
B) Renal artery 
C) Renal vein 
D) Ureter 
A) Calyx 
B) Renal artery 
C) Renal vein 
D) Ureter

Question 6

Even though urea is a waste product, it is reabsorbed into the blood in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The renal fasciae anchor the kidney to surrounding structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

If a person becomes dehydrated, which hormone would you expect to find in high concentration in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
B) Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) 
C) Para-aminohippurate acid (PAH) 
D) Prolactin (PRL) 
A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
B) Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) 
C) Para-aminohippurate acid (PAH) 
D) Prolactin (PRL)

Question 9

Gravity moves urine from the kidney to the bladder through the ureter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Why would the response of the kidney to arteriosclerosis actually compound the problem of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A) When the kidney responds to narrowing of a renal artery due to this disease, it will not cause any changes in kidney function or status. 
B) When the kidney responds to widening of a renal artery due to this disease, it will cause an increase in blood pressure and an increase in kidney perfusion. 
C) When the kidney responds to narrowing of a renal artery due to this disease, it will cause a decrease in blood pressure and possibly even death. 
D) When the kidney responds to narrowing of a renal artery due to this disease, it will cause an increase in blood pressure and ischemia of kidney tissues. 
A) When the kidney responds to narrowing of a renal artery due to this disease, it will not cause any changes in kidney function or status. 
B) When the kidney responds to widening of a renal artery due to this disease, it will cause an increase in blood pressure and an increase in kidney perfusion. 
C) When the kidney responds to narrowing of a renal artery due to this disease, it will cause a decrease in blood pressure and possibly even death. 
D) When the kidney responds to narrowing of a renal artery due to this disease, it will cause an increase in blood pressure and ischemia of kidney tissues.

Question 11

A person had been working hard on a hot day and had been perspiring freely and drinking very little water. If a blood sample were taken, would you expect ANH or ADH to have the greater concentration? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

If a person had been working hard on a h

Question 12

Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the:

Accepted Answer

A) renal column. 
B) renal pelvis. 
C) urethra. 
D) ureter. 
A) renal column. 
B) renal pelvis. 
C) urethra. 
D) ureter.

Question 13

What effect on the treatment of secondary hypertension would you expect from angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drugs?

Accepted Answer

A) When secondary hypertension occurs, the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete renin, which in turn results in angiotensin production and increased blood pressure, so giving ACE inhibitors may reduce the production of angiotensin and lower the blood pressure. 
B) Secondary hypertension is caused by stenosis of the renal artery, so ACE inhibitors will relax the vessel, thus reducing blood pressure. 
C) Secondary hypertension is caused by stenosis of the renal artery, so ACE inhibitors will decrease atherosclerotic plaque and result in a lower blood pressure. 
D) ACE inhibitors will not have any effect on secondary hypertension. 
A) When secondary hypertension occurs, the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete renin, which in turn results in angiotensin production and increased blood pressure, so giving ACE inhibitors may reduce the production of angiotensin and lower the blood pressure. 
B) Secondary hypertension is caused by stenosis of the renal artery, so ACE inhibitors will relax the vessel, thus reducing blood pressure. 
C) Secondary hypertension is caused by stenosis of the renal artery, so ACE inhibitors will decrease atherosclerotic plaque and result in a lower blood pressure. 
D) ACE inhibitors will not have any effect on secondary hypertension.

Question 14

As the amount of sodium reabsorbed by the distal convoluted tubule increases, the amount of _____ increases.

Accepted Answer

A) potassium ions absorbed also 
B) hydrogen ions absorbed also 
C) potassium ions secreted 
D) Both A and B are correct. 
A) potassium ions absorbed also 
B) hydrogen ions absorbed also 
C) potassium ions secreted 
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 15

Assume that the nephron is able to return 150 mg/100 ml of glucose back to the blood. If the blood entering the glomerulus contains 192 mg/100 ml of glucose, what is the glucose concentration of the blood leaving the nephron and the concentration of the urine being formed?

Accepted Answer

Blood: 150 mg/100 ml

Question 16

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location.
-Part of the nephron that establishes a countercurrent multiplier mechanism

Accepted Answer

A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Glomerular capsule 
D) Nephron loop 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta 
A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Glomerular capsule 
D) Nephron loop 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta

Question 17

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location.
-Tube nearest to the glomerular capsule

Accepted Answer

A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Glomerular capsule 
D) Nephron loop 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta 
A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Glomerular capsule 
D) Nephron loop 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta

Question 18

The macula densa is considered a chemoreceptor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Each renal papilla juts into a cuplike structure called the renal pyramid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure and filtration are directly related to systemic blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 42: Urinary System

Which of the following ions is not normally secreted into the distal or collecting tubules?

Nitrogenous wastes such as urea, uric acid, and ammonia are lost in the urine, and of these, uric acid is the most abundant.

Renin is released in response to a rise in blood pressure in the afferent arteriole.

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location. -Structure into which the proximal convoluted tubule empties

Which of the following structures does not enter or leave through the hilum of the kidney?

Even though urea is a waste product, it is reabsorbed into the blood in the proximal convoluted tubule.

The renal fasciae anchor the kidney to surrounding structures.

If a person becomes dehydrated, which hormone would you expect to find in high concentration in the blood?

Gravity moves urine from the kidney to the bladder through the ureter.

Why would the response of the kidney to arteriosclerosis actually compound the problem of hypertension?

A person had been working hard on a hot day and had been perspiring freely and drinking very little water. If a blood sample were taken, would you expect ANH or ADH to have the greater concentration? Explain your answer.

Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the:

What effect on the treatment of secondary hypertension would you expect from angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drugs?

As the amount of sodium reabsorbed by the distal convoluted tubule increases, the amount of _____ increases.

Assume that the nephron is able to return 150 mg/100 ml of glucose back to the blood. If the blood entering the glomerulus contains 192 mg/100 ml of glucose, what is the glucose concentration of the blood leaving the nephron and the concentration of the urine being formed?

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location. -Part of the nephron that establishes a countercurrent multiplier mechanism

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location. -Tube nearest to the glomerular capsule

The macula densa is considered a chemoreceptor.

Each renal papilla juts into a cuplike structure called the renal pyramid.

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure and filtration are directly related to systemic blood pressure.

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