Question 1

In the average bladder, what amount of urine would cause a moderately distended sensation and the desire to void?

Accepted Answer

A) 250 ml 
B) 100 ml 
C) 600 ml 
D) 150 ml 
A) 250 ml 
B) 100 ml 
C) 600 ml 
D) 150 ml

Question 2

The blood vessel that surrounds the nephron loop is called the vasa recta.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Urine consists of approximately 75% water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The detrusor muscle is the name given to the smooth muscle that makes up the bladder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Within the male urethra, how is urine prevented from mixing with semen during ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

A) Conscious control of a sphincter muscle guarding the bladder opening 
B) Contraction of the detrusor muscle of the bladder 
C) By the urinary meatus 
D) Reflex closure of sphincter muscles guarding the bladder opening 
A) Conscious control of a sphincter muscle guarding the bladder opening 
B) Contraction of the detrusor muscle of the bladder 
C) By the urinary meatus 
D) Reflex closure of sphincter muscles guarding the bladder opening

Question 6

The function of the slit diaphragm is to prevent the filtration slits from closing under pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

As the amount of sodium increases in the blood around the distal convoluted tubule, the amount of potassium or hydrogen ions in the filtrate increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The nitrogenous wastes in the urine are usually the result of protein catabolism. They include all except:

Accepted Answer

A) urea. 
B) ammonia. 
C) creatinine. 
D) amino acids. 
A) urea. 
B) ammonia. 
C) creatinine. 
D) amino acids.

Question 9

The parts of the nephron most effected by the hormone ADH are the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In the ascending limb of the nephron loop:

Accepted Answer

A) sodium and chloride are reabsorbed from the tubule fluid. 
B) the tubule fluid becomes dilute (hypotonic). 
C) antidiuretic hormone causes the cells to become more permeable to water. 
D) both A and B occur. 
A) sodium and chloride are reabsorbed from the tubule fluid. 
B) the tubule fluid becomes dilute (hypotonic). 
C) antidiuretic hormone causes the cells to become more permeable to water. 
D) both A and B occur.

Question 11

Which statement best explains the process of filtration in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A) Filtration occurs as a result of passive and active transport mechanisms from all parts of the renal tubules; a major portion of reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule. 
B) Filtration is the movement of molecules out of peritubular blood and into the tubule for excretion. 
C) Filtration is the movement of molecules out of the tubule and into peritubular blood. 
D) Filtration is the movement of water and protein-free solutes from plasma in the glomerulus into the capsular space of the glomerular capsule. 
A) Filtration occurs as a result of passive and active transport mechanisms from all parts of the renal tubules; a major portion of reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule. 
B) Filtration is the movement of molecules out of peritubular blood and into the tubule for excretion. 
C) Filtration is the movement of molecules out of the tubule and into peritubular blood. 
D) Filtration is the movement of water and protein-free solutes from plasma in the glomerulus into the capsular space of the glomerular capsule.

Question 12

Urea is a nitrogenous waste product excreted by the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is:

Accepted Answer

A) creatinine. 
B) glucose. 
C) sodium. 
D) potassium. 
A) creatinine. 
B) glucose. 
C) sodium. 
D) potassium.

Question 14

Mesangial cells may have the same role in the nephron as the glial cells do in the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The urinary system can be seen as a urine producer and a blood plasma balancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In the blood vessels in the kidney, lobar arterioles divide to become segmental arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which blood vessel drains the vasa recta?

Accepted Answer

A) Lobar vein 
B) Arcuate vein 
C) Interlobular vein 
D) Both B and C 
A) Lobar vein 
B) Arcuate vein 
C) Interlobular vein 
D) Both B and C

Question 18

Autoregulation of glomerular filtration by tubuloglomerular feedback helps protect the kidney:

Accepted Answer

A) from rapid systemic arterial pressure variations that would otherwise cause large glomerular filtration rate changes. 
B) from rapid systemic venous pressure variations that would otherwise cause large glomerular filtration rate changes. 
C) by contracting the walls of the efferent arterioles, thus increasing systemic blood pressure. 
D) by relaxing the walls of the efferent arterioles, thus reducing systemic blood pressure. 
A) from rapid systemic arterial pressure variations that would otherwise cause large glomerular filtration rate changes. 
B) from rapid systemic venous pressure variations that would otherwise cause large glomerular filtration rate changes. 
C) by contracting the walls of the efferent arterioles, thus increasing systemic blood pressure. 
D) by relaxing the walls of the efferent arterioles, thus reducing systemic blood pressure.

Question 19

The microvilli on the luminal surface of each epithelial cell in the proximal tubule wall will:

Accepted Answer

A) form a brush border that increases absorptive surface area of the entire inner surface of the proximal tubule. 
B) form an electrical gradient that drives the diffusion of negative ions from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid. 
C) participate in the countercurrent mechanism, which allows the contents to flow in opposite directions. 
D) increase the secretory surface area of the entire inner surface of the proximal tubule. 
A) form a brush border that increases absorptive surface area of the entire inner surface of the proximal tubule. 
B) form an electrical gradient that drives the diffusion of negative ions from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid. 
C) participate in the countercurrent mechanism, which allows the contents to flow in opposite directions. 
D) increase the secretory surface area of the entire inner surface of the proximal tubule.

Question 20

The nephron loop and the vasa recta have a countercurrent structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 42: Urinary System

In the average bladder, what amount of urine would cause a moderately distended sensation and the desire to void?

The blood vessel that surrounds the nephron loop is called the vasa recta.

Urine consists of approximately 75% water.

The detrusor muscle is the name given to the smooth muscle that makes up the bladder.

Within the male urethra, how is urine prevented from mixing with semen during ejaculation?

The function of the slit diaphragm is to prevent the filtration slits from closing under pressure.

As the amount of sodium increases in the blood around the distal convoluted tubule, the amount of potassium or hydrogen ions in the filtrate increases.

The nitrogenous wastes in the urine are usually the result of protein catabolism. They include all except:

The parts of the nephron most effected by the hormone ADH are the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

In the ascending limb of the nephron loop:

Which statement best explains the process of filtration in the nephron?

Urea is a nitrogenous waste product excreted by the kidney.

The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is:

Mesangial cells may have the same role in the nephron as the glial cells do in the nervous system.

The urinary system can be seen as a urine producer and a blood plasma balancer.

In the blood vessels in the kidney, lobar arterioles divide to become segmental arterioles.

Which blood vessel drains the vasa recta?

Autoregulation of glomerular filtration by tubuloglomerular feedback helps protect the kidney:

The microvilli on the luminal surface of each epithelial cell in the proximal tubule wall will:

The nephron loop and the vasa recta have a countercurrent structure.

Organization of the Body

Homeostasis

Chemistry of Life

Biomolecules

Cell Structure

Cell Function

Cell Growth and Development

Introduction to Tissues

Tissue Types

Skin

Skeletal Tissues

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Axial Muscles

Appendicular Muscles

Muscle Contraction

Nervous System Cells

Nerve Signaling

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

General Senses

Special Senses

Endocrine Regulation

Endocrine Glands

Blood

Heart

Blood Vessels

Circulation of the Blood

Lymphatic System

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Stress

Respiratory Tract

Ventilation

Gas Exchange Transport

Upper Digestive Tract

Lower Digestive Tract

Digestion and Absorption

Nutrition and Metabolism

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid-Base Balance

Male Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System

Growth, Development, and Aging

Genetics and Heredity

Filters