Question 1

What is a more common term for nephrolithiasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​kidney necrosis 
B)  ​kidney cancer 
C)  ​kidney stones 
D)  ​viral kidney infection 
E)  ​bacterial kidney infection 
A)  ​kidney necrosis 
B)  ​kidney cancer 
C)  ​kidney stones 
D)  ​viral kidney infection 
E)  ​bacterial kidney infection

Question 2

The use of active vitamin D sterols decreases calcium absorption in the intestines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What is the term for blood in the urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​anemia 
B)  ​proteinuria 
C)  ​oliguria 
D)  ​azotemia 
E)  ​hematuria 
A)  ​anemia 
B)  ​proteinuria 
C)  ​oliguria 
D)  ​azotemia 
E)  ​hematuria

Question 4

It is common for the nutritional status of patients with acute kidney injury to decline within a short period of time, owing to _______________ losses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is common for the nutritional status...

Question 5

Since most HD patients receive anticoagulation therapy, caution must be taken if supplementing with vitamin _______________ due to its role in promoting clot formation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Since most HD patients receive anticoagulation therapy,...

Question 6

Etiology of acute kidney injury is classified as pre-renal, intrinsic, or _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Etiology of acute kidney injury is classified...

Question 7

What vitamin supplements are typically indicated for people with chronic kidney disease (HD and PD patients)?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​A, B6, E 
B)  ​B-complex, C and D 
C)  ​A, B9, K 
D)  ​B-complex, D, E 
E)  ​A, C, K 
A)  ​A, B6, E 
B)  ​B-complex, C and D 
C)  ​A, B9, K 
D)  ​B-complex, D, E 
E)  ​A, C, K

Question 8

Outline the primary functions of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

The primary functions of the kidney incl

Question 9

The onset of renal failure is not usually apparent until what percentage of renal function is lost?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​50-70% 
B)  ​about 40% 
C)  ​20-30% 
D)  ​about 15% 
E)  ​5-10% 
A)  ​50-70% 
B)  ​about 40% 
C)  ​20-30% 
D)  ​about 15% 
E)  ​5-10%

Question 10

The _______________ tubule of the kidney contains cells with a complex brush border, tight intercellular junctions, and large numbers of mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______________ tubule of the kidney contains...

Question 11

What is often one of the first signs of renal insufficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​kidney pain 
B)  ​hematuria 
C)  ​microalbuminuria 
D)  ​increased urine output 
E)  ​low blood pressure 
A)  ​kidney pain 
B)  ​hematuria 
C)  ​microalbuminuria 
D)  ​increased urine output 
E)  ​low blood pressure

Question 12

The kidney's role in controlling both hydrogen and bicarbonate ions is a critical component of the maintenance of pH homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The dialysate for PD is available with a range of _______________ concentrations that alter its osmolality and assist in fluid removal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The dialysate for PD is available with...

Question 14

The kidneys are two retroperitoneal organs the size of a fist.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Low serum calcium levels often accompany CKD due to alterations in vitamin _______________ metabolism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Low serum calcium levels often accompany CKD...

Question 16

CKD patients are unable to synthesize adequate amounts of endogenous _______________, a hormone that is made by renal tubular cells and important for production of red blood cells.

Accepted Answer

erythropoi

Question 17

Which of the following is likely true about KL's situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​He goes to a dialysis center 3x per week. 
B)  ​His caloric intake needs to be adjusted to account for calories in dialysate. 
C)  ​He will have to wait 6 weeks for the fistula to mature. 
D)  ​His prostate infection needs antibiotic therapy. 
E)  ​He is not a candidate for a kidney transplant. 
A)  ​He goes to a dialysis center 3x per week. 
B)  ​His caloric intake needs to be adjusted to account for calories in dialysate. 
C)  ​He will have to wait 6 weeks for the fistula to mature. 
D)  ​His prostate infection needs antibiotic therapy. 
E)  ​He is not a candidate for a kidney transplant.

Question 18

What is the GFR in patients with Stage 5 kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​less than 90 mL /min/1.73 m2 
B)  ​about 70 mL /min/1.73 m2 
C)  ​less than 45 mL /min/1.73 m2 
D)  ​about 25 mL /min/1.73 m2 
E)  ​less than 15 mL /min/1.73 m2 
A)  ​less than 90 mL /min/1.73 m2 
B)  ​about 70 mL /min/1.73 m2 
C)  ​less than 45 mL /min/1.73 m2 
D)  ​about 25 mL /min/1.73 m2 
E)  ​less than 15 mL /min/1.73 m2

Question 19

What vegetable is considered a high-sodium food?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​olives 
B)  ​zucchini 
C)  ​broccoli 
D)  ​cucumbers 
E)  ​cabbage 
A)  ​olives 
B)  ​zucchini 
C)  ​broccoli 
D)  ​cucumbers 
E)  ​cabbage

Question 20

What meat is considered a high-sodium food?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​chicken 
B)  ​turkey 
C)  ​pepperoni 
D)  ​steak 
E)  ​filet of salmon 
A)  ​chicken 
B)  ​turkey 
C)  ​pepperoni 
D)  ​steak 
E)  ​filet of salmon

Exam 18: Diseases of the Renal System

What is a more common term for nephrolithiasis?

The use of active vitamin D sterols decreases calcium absorption in the intestines.

What is the term for blood in the urine?

It is common for the nutritional status of patients with acute kidney injury to decline within a short period of time, owing to _______________ losses.

Since most HD patients receive anticoagulation therapy, caution must be taken if supplementing with vitamin _______________ due to its role in promoting clot formation.

Etiology of acute kidney injury is classified as pre-renal, intrinsic, or _______________.

What vitamin supplements are typically indicated for people with chronic kidney disease (HD and PD patients)?

Outline the primary functions of the kidney.

The onset of renal failure is not usually apparent until what percentage of renal function is lost?

The _______________ tubule of the kidney contains cells with a complex brush border, tight intercellular junctions, and large numbers of mitochondria.

What is often one of the first signs of renal insufficiency?

The kidney's role in controlling both hydrogen and bicarbonate ions is a critical component of the maintenance of pH homeostasis.

The dialysate for PD is available with a range of _______________ concentrations that alter its osmolality and assist in fluid removal.

The kidneys are two retroperitoneal organs the size of a fist.

Low serum calcium levels often accompany CKD due to alterations in vitamin _______________ metabolism.

CKD patients are unable to synthesize adequate amounts of endogenous _______________, a hormone that is made by renal tubular cells and important for production of red blood cells.

Which of the following is likely true about KL's situation?

What is the GFR in patients with Stage 5 kidney disease?

What vegetable is considered a high-sodium food?

What meat is considered a high-sodium food?

Role of the Dietitian in the Health Care System

The Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment - Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention and Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Enteral and Parental Nutrition Support

Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid Base Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury - the Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Diseases and Disorders of Energy Imbalance

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointenstinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver - Gallbladder - and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Neoplastic Disease

HIV and Aids

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

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