Question 1

Describe the functions of water in the body.

Accepted Answer

​The functions of water in the body include transporting nutrients, transporting and excreting metabolic waste, supporting cell shape and structure, lubricating friction generating surfaces, and sustaining normal body temperature.

Question 2

Osmotic pressure can be expressed as either osmolarity or _______________.

Accepted Answer

​osmolality

Question 3

What kind of tissue has the lowest percentage of water in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​muscle 
B)  ​fat 
C)  ​skin 
D)  ​connective 
E)  ​epithelial 
A)  ​muscle 
B)  ​fat 
C)  ​skin 
D)  ​connective 
E)  ​epithelial B

Question 4

What is likely to occur when cells are exposed to a hypertonic solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​dehydration 
B)  ​swelling 
C)  ​edema 
D)  ​destruction 
E)  ​equilibrium 
A)  ​dehydration 
B)  ​swelling 
C)  ​edema 
D)  ​destruction 
E)  ​equilibrium

Question 5

Hypophosphatemia is defined as a serum phosphate level:

Accepted Answer

A)  ​<0.3 mg/dL 
B)  ​<1.3 mg/dL 
C)  ​<2.3 mg/dL 
D)  ​<3.3 mg/dL 
E)  ​<4.3 mg/dL 
A)  ​<0.3 mg/dL 
B)  ​<1.3 mg/dL 
C)  ​<2.3 mg/dL 
D)  ​<3.3 mg/dL 
E)  ​<4.3 mg/dL

Question 6

Body water content declines throughout the life span and often falls below _______________ percent in adults older than 65 years old.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Body water content declines throughout the life...

Question 7

Serum calcium exists in a reciprocal relationship with what other electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​magnesium 
B)  ​potassium 
C)  ​phosphorus 
D)  ​chloride 
E)  ​sodium 
A)  ​magnesium 
B)  ​potassium 
C)  ​phosphorus 
D)  ​chloride 
E)  ​sodium

Question 8

Decreasing hydrostatic pressure stimulates the renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system regulation of fluids and electrolytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is the term for abnormal fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity (often due to liver disease)?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​diuresis 
B)  ​ascites 
C)  ​hypernatremia 
D)  ​water intoxication 
E)  ​edema 
A)  ​diuresis 
B)  ​ascites 
C)  ​hypernatremia 
D)  ​water intoxication 
E)  ​edema

Question 10

What percentage of bodyfluid is in plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​0.05% 
B)  ​1% 
C)  ​6.6% 
D)  ​9% 
E)  ​14% 
A)  ​0.05% 
B)  ​1% 
C)  ​6.6% 
D)  ​9% 
E)  ​14%

Question 11

The physician has placed Mr. M on a diuretic. A good measure of how he is responding to this medication would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  ​serum PTH concentration 
B)  ​serum albumin concentration 
C)  ​serum phosphorus concentration 
D)  ​fluid inputs and outputs 
E)  ​serum calcium concentration 
A)  ​serum PTH concentration 
B)  ​serum albumin concentration 
C)  ​serum phosphorus concentration 
D)  ​fluid inputs and outputs 
E)  ​serum calcium concentration

Question 12

How much sodium does 1 tsp of table salt contain?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​900 mg 
B)  ​1,300 mg 
C)  ​1,800 mg 
D)  ​2,300 mg 
E)  ​3,000 mg 
A)  ​900 mg 
B)  ​1,300 mg 
C)  ​1,800 mg 
D)  ​2,300 mg 
E)  ​3,000 mg

Question 13

Negatively charged ions are called _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Negatively charged ions are called _______________....

Question 14

Medications such as diuretics are often prescribed to purposefully increase ECF volume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What route of fluid loss is the most variable and will accommodate changes in dietary fluid intake?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​feces 
B)  ​respiration 
C)  ​urine 
D)  ​perspiration 
E)  ​metabolism 
A)  ​feces 
B)  ​respiration 
C)  ​urine 
D)  ​perspiration 
E)  ​metabolism

Question 16

What does hypokalemia mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​high serum potassium 
B)  ​high serum calcium 
C)  ​low lymph calcium 
D)  ​low serum calcium 
E)  ​low serum potassium 
A)  ​high serum potassium 
B)  ​high serum calcium 
C)  ​low lymph calcium 
D)  ​low serum calcium 
E)  ​low serum potassium

Question 17

Elevated concentrations of potassium in the ECF can occur when hemolysis of red blood cells increases, such as with leukocytosis or thrombocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is contributing to Mr. M's fluid imbalance?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​kidney disease 
B)  ​liver disease 
C)  ​aldosterone secretion exceeding production 
D)  ​excessive thirst 
E)  ​poor diet 
A)  ​kidney disease 
B)  ​liver disease 
C)  ​aldosterone secretion exceeding production 
D)  ​excessive thirst 
E)  ​poor diet

Question 19

Transcellular fluids are those fluids found in secretions within _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Transcellular fluids are those fluids found in...

Question 20

What is the best definition of diuresis?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the production of excessive amounts of urine 
B)  ​accumulation of edema within a joint 
C)  ​accumulation of edema within the abdomen 
D)  ​dehydration caused from excessive bleeding 
E)  ​kidney pain caused by stones 
A)  ​the production of excessive amounts of urine 
B)  ​accumulation of edema within a joint 
C)  ​accumulation of edema within the abdomen 
D)  ​dehydration caused from excessive bleeding 
E)  ​kidney pain caused by stones

Exam 7: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Describe the functions of water in the body.

Osmotic pressure can be expressed as either osmolarity or _______________.

What kind of tissue has the lowest percentage of water in the body?

What is likely to occur when cells are exposed to a hypertonic solution?

Hypophosphatemia is defined as a serum phosphate level:

Body water content declines throughout the life span and often falls below _______________ percent in adults older than 65 years old.

Serum calcium exists in a reciprocal relationship with what other electrolyte?

Decreasing hydrostatic pressure stimulates the renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system regulation of fluids and electrolytes.

What is the term for abnormal fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity (often due to liver disease)?

What percentage of bodyfluid is in plasma?

The physician has placed Mr. M on a diuretic. A good measure of how he is responding to this medication would be:

How much sodium does 1 tsp of table salt contain?

Negatively charged ions are called _______________.

Medications such as diuretics are often prescribed to purposefully increase ECF volume.

What route of fluid loss is the most variable and will accommodate changes in dietary fluid intake?

What does hypokalemia mean?

Elevated concentrations of potassium in the ECF can occur when hemolysis of red blood cells increases, such as with leukocytosis or thrombocytosis.

Which of the following is contributing to Mr. M's fluid imbalance?

Transcellular fluids are those fluids found in secretions within _______________.

What is the best definition of diuresis?

Role of the Dietitian in the Health Care System

The Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment - Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention and Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Enteral and Parental Nutrition Support

Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Acid Base Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury - the Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Diseases and Disorders of Energy Imbalance

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointenstinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver - Gallbladder - and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Renal System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Neoplastic Disease

HIV and Aids

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

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